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Learn the 5 steps necessary to have a good fabric structure experience
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5 steps to a successful Fabric Structure experience
Samuel J. Armijos, AIA, www.fabricarchitect.com
Step 1. Do your research…then Design
Samuel J. Armijos, AIA, www.fabricarchitect.com
Designing Architectural Fabric Structures
“It’s basically steel, fabric and cables, but its not as easy (or hard) as it looks”
Designing Architectural Fabric Structures (cont.)
Design Developmentkey steps:
design only
design/build
plans and spec
Designing Architectural Fabric Structures (cont.)
Form Finding 101
There is no substitute for a “hands on” approach…
Hypar
Cone
Samuel J. Armijos, AIA, www.fabricarchitect.com
Vault
Designing Architectural Fabric Structures (cont.)
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
•Structure’s response to loads
Designing Architectural Fabric Structures (cont.)
MEMBRANE ENGINEERING
• From 3D to 2D
Designing Architectural Fabric Structures (cont.)
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSISAssist in LEED certification
•Design Excellence•Energy & Atmosphere•Materials & Resource•Sustainable Sites•Environmental Quality
Designing Architectural Fabric Structures (cont.)
In Designing Fabric Structures…
Form, Function, Fabric are one and the same
Architectural Fabric Structures
Vocabulary Building“If you want to walk the walk, its good to talk the talk”
Common Shapes and Forms:
•Mast Supported•Point Supported•Arch Supported •Frame Supported•Simple Saddle
Forms and Uses of Architectural Fabric Structures (cont.)
Mast-supported systems
Tent-like structures in form
One or several peaks supported by central poles and perimeter cables
Typically use compression ring or “bale” ring
Forms and Uses of Architectural Fabric Structures (cont.)
Point-supported
Clear span avoids a center mast
Often hypar shaped (two high, two low connection points)
Utilizes an exterior frame or series of peripheral masts
Forms and Uses of Architectural Fabric Structures (cont.)
Arch-supported
Introducing a curved compression member
Cross arches often used
Forms and Uses of Architectural Fabric Structures (cont.)
Frame supported
Space frame
Fabric attached to a structural frame
Structural components carry forces
Fabric is purely used as a cladding
Forms and Uses of Architectural Fabric Structures (cont.)
Simple Saddle/Hypar
Double curvature
Two (2) high points, Two (2) Low points
“Saddle” shape
Horizontal or Vertical
Minimal surfaces
Step 2. Pick the right fabric.
Samuel J. Armijos, AIA, www.fabricarchitect.com
Available Materials (cont.)
Selecting the proper Fabric
“size does matter”
Fabrics for Today and Tomorrow:
“the key is finding the right fabric for the right application”
Available Materials (cont.)
Teflon Coated Fiberglass (PTFE)
large scale permanent structures
Available Materials (cont.)
Silicone, TiO2, Woven PTFE
more pliable than standard PTFE
Available Materials (cont.)
Ethylene Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (ETFE)
if you’re looking for high transparency (97%)
Available Materials (cont.)
Vinyl Coated Polyester (PVC/PVDF)
most cost effective material for temporary and permanent structures
Available Materials (cont.)
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
when you’re looking for shade only
Available Materials (cont.)
Laminates, Lycra and Theatrical Draperies
The materials for tents, awnings, and interiors
Available Materials (cont.)
The Future?
PV, custom fabrics, films and smart too!
Step 3. Pick the right components
Samuel J. Armijos, AIA, www.fabricarchitect.com
Components and Details
Design and Engineering Criteria“The engineer’s and designer’s aesthetics”
Components and Details (cont.)
Details custom
bridge or yacht
Less is more vs. Light is more
Components and Details (cont.)
Base Plate
“get those anchor bolts right”
Mast
cleats, clips and bale rings
Membrane Plate
the link and connector
Components and Details (cont.)
Edge curve, cantenary or clamp
Tie downs connector to the ground
Components and Details (cont.)
HardwareStainless steel, Galvanized or Custom finishes
“A Fabric Structure is made like a well tailored suit”
Step 4. Understand the process.
Samuel J. Armijos, AIA, www.fabricarchitect.com
Steps to Success (cont.)
Keep it simple… Design Drawings
Approvals (Design, Material, Cost)
Engineering
Reactions
Approvals (For Foundations by Others)
Details
Shop Drawings
Approvals
Order Material (structure, hardware, fabric)
Survey
Steps for Success (cont.)
Patterning
Determine Fabric to be used
Establish seam width
Patterning
Determine reinforcements and
offsets
CAD/CAM cutting
Fabric Fabrication
fabrication drawings
purchasing material
fabrication
packaging
Steps to Success (cont.)
Installations
weather permitting
site preparation
unloading materials
installing and tensioning
inspection and closeout
Steps for Success (cont.)
Maintenance
routine cleaning (self-cleaning or “power” wash)
annual inspections
“fabric kits” and repairs
warranty vs life span
pay now, pay later or have a plan
Step 5. Don’t be afraid to ask for help.
Samuel J. Armijos, AIA, www.fabricarchitect.com
So how do YOU get started?
Create a team• Architect/Engineer/Designer• LEED Consultant• Tensile Membrane Consultant• Manufacturer/Contractor
A Tour of Fabric Structures
Walkway
Convention Centers
Retail
Hotels
Casinos
Covered Parking
Outdoor Dining
Signage
Theme Parks
Food Courts
Walkways
The use of colors
Urban
Waterfront
Recreation
Band shells
Interior sun shading
Exterior Sun Shading
Supermarkets
Farmers Market
Marquee
Parks and Recreation
Amphitheaters
New ConstructionRenovations
Playgrounds
Gas Stations
Grandstands
Walkways
Transit
Custom Umbrellas
Sports
Schools
Projected Images
Textile Facades
Thank You
Samuel J. Armijos, AIA, www.fabricarchitect.com
