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1
5 Person Mechanics
Football
Back Judge NCOA Sacramento
Pre-Game – Before Game Day
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•Communication
–Contact referee by Tuesday PM
–Determine assignment for JV game
–Find out when and where to meet
Pregame Discussion
Participate, know your position
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Pregame on Field
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• Walk the field
• Secure game ball from linesman sideline for
referee’s approval
• Instruct ball persons from linesman sideline
• Observer kicker’s abilities
• Philosophy
–Have a job to do
–No fraternizing with coaches or fans
Captains and Coin
Toss • On linesman sideline at 5 minutes
• Comes in with captains and stops at hash mark
• Bring game ball from linesman sideline
• Observe team bench
• Huddle with other officials after coin toss to record
captain’s choice
• Hustle to your position (don’t walk)
5 5
Before Kickoff
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Administer fouls prior to
kickoff
Position on K free-kick
line
Hand ball to kicker and
advise Referee location.
Inform K to wait for RFP
signal
Count K Players
Clear sideline
Have bean bag in hand
Move to sideline,
opposite press box, and
hold hand in the air to
inform Referee ready
G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G
G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G
BJ
After Kickoff
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Start 25 second clock
Watch for free-kick line
infractions
Know if ball touches
ground
Help LJ rule on first
touching by K prior to
R’s free-kick line and
bean bag if necessary
Watch initial blocks near
R’s free-kick line and
blocks on kicker / holder
G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G
G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G
BJ
After Kickoff
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G
G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G
BJ H
Kicks to your Side
Move down the sideline
to area to best officiate
depending on kick
Keep spacing with HL
Determine if kick goes
OOB and flag if R has
not touched
Pick up responsibility
for runner from
Linesman and follow to
goal line
After Kickoff
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G
G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G
Kick Opposite side
Move cautiously toward
play being ready to rule
on your sideline if play
reverses
Observe action of
player in vicinity of
runner and watch for
fouls away from the ball
Assist Line Judge with
goal line on long runs
At end of play, stop
clock, check clock and
clean up
BJ
On-Side Kick
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• Referee declares on-side
mechanics
• Same initial mechanics as a
free-kick
• Line up at K’s restraining line
– Count players, clear sideline
– Have bean bag in hand for
first touching
– Wind clock when legally
touched.
– Stop clock at end of play
– Clean up
G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G
G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G
BJ
Basic Scrimmage Position
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0
G 1 0 2 0 3 0
R
H
U
15 to 20 yards off
the ball AND always
deeper than deepest
back
Don’t be outside
hash to begin play
LJ
BJ
Prior to Snap (All Plays)
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0
G 1 0 2 0 3 0
Responsible for 25
second count
Provide a visible
count of the last 5
seconds EVEN when
25 second field clock
is utilized
Count B players,
signal flanks as soon
as possible
BJ
Keys and Priorities (All Plays)
13
G 1 0 2 0 3 0
G 1 0 2 0 3 0
Balanced
Formation
When no strength is
declared, Line Judge side
considered strength
Back Judge Key: End
Line Judge side
Linesman Key: End on
his/her side
Line Judge Key: First
back out his/her side
BJ
LJ
H
Keys and Priorities (All Plays)
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0
G 1 0 2 0 3 0
Strength to
Linesman
Back Judge Key: End on
Lineman’s side
Linesman Key: Back
his/her side
Line Judge Key: End
his/her side
BJ
LJ
H
Keys and Priorities (All Plays)
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0
G 1 0 2 0 3 0
Strength to Line
Judge
Back Judge Key: End on
Line Judge side
Linesman Key: End
his/her side
Line Judge Key: Back
his/her side both
formations
BJ
LJ
H
Keys and Priorities (All Plays)
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0
G 1 0 2 0 3 0
“Trips” Formation
Back Judge Key: Two
outside receivers
Linesman Key: End his/her
side
Line Judge Key: Inside
receiver his/her side
formation
Note: Reverse coverage for
trips formations to Linesman
side
BJ
LJ
H
Keys and Priorities (All Plays)
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0
G 1 0 2 0 3 0
Double Wing
Formation
Back Judge Key: Outside
receiver on LJ side
Linesman Key: Both
receivers on his side
Line Judge Key: Inside
receiver his/her side
formation
BJ
LJ
H
Keys and Priorities (All Plays)
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0
G 1 0 2 0 3 0
Motion
Initial Coverage same as
Strength to Lineman
Motion to Line Judge
Back Judge Key: Change
to End Line Judge side
Linesman Key: Change to
End his/her side
Line Judge Key: change to
Back in motion his/her side
formation
BJ
LJ
H
Keys and Priorities (All Plays)
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0
G 1 0 2 0 3 0
Motion
Determined at the snap
(snapshot)
Initial Coverage same as
Strength to Lineman
Motion to Line Judge
Formation now balanced but
since strength was established
to Lineman side, keys remain
the same with the Line Judge
picking up responsibility for
receiver in motion to his/her
side
BJ
LJ
H
Running Play
20
G 1 0 2 0 3 0
G 1 0 2 0 3 0
BJ
Work inside out
Move to maintain triangle coverage
with Umpire, Linesman or Line
Judge on runs to side zones
Move into dead ball area assisting
covering official
On plays past the U help with the
whistle
Goal line responsibility on long runs
Check with flank before giving signal
At end of play, help clean up first.
Then help relay ball, if needed
U
Passing Plays
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0
G 1 0 2 0 3 0
BJ
Retreat to be in position behind
deepest receiver
Responsible for deep receivers
When ball is in air, all eyes to the
receiver
Be ready to rule on complete /
incomplete pass and interference
Move to goal line or end line if
either is threatened
Be alert for forward progress on
long plays
Be alert for momentum inside the
5 yard line
Passing Plays • After incomplete pass:
– Stop the clock
– Clean up
– Retrieve the ball
– Get in line for relay
• After a score
– Dead ball clean up (unsportsmanlike acts)
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Scrimmage Kick
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G
G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G BJ
Position 2-3 yards
behind and 10-12 yards
wider than the deepest
receiver and in position
to cover sideline
Carry bean bag in hand
Be ready to rule on
momentum inside 5
yard line
Observe initial action
around receiver
If ball out of bounds, get
spot. If you need help
look to the R
H
Scrimmage Kick
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G
G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G BJ
Drop Bean Bag to mark
end of kick
Maintain responsibility
of ball carrier on returns
up the middle and to
your side until released
to other official
If ball is near the goal
line be in position to rule
on goal line
If not caught and
returned, stay with ball,
look for first touching or
downing by K
Scrimmage Kick
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If K first to touch, mark
spot of first touching with
bean bag
If fair catch is signaled be
ready to protect the
signaler and stop the
clock
If other player catches
ball after fair catch signal
stop the play
If signaler doesn’t make
the catch, he cannot
block
Be ready for muff
Communicate to R the
ball status
G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G
G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G BJ
Field Goal and Try Attempts
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0
G 1 0 2 0 3 0
BJ
Position under uprights
EITHER with H or LJ
Rule on your upright and
cross bar
Sound whistle when ball
crosses plane of end zone
and rule on kick
On PAT, kill clock when kick
cannot score
Give verbal signal (yes or no)
and then give visual signal.
Hold till R acknowledges
signal
If field goal does not cross
plane, handle as scrimmage
kick
WING
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0
G 1 0 2 0 3 0
U
Goal-Line Plays
Declare that flanks have
the goal line
Line up on end line
Confirm with flanks on
plays in corner (make
eye contact)
Only give TD signal if
you see it
LJ
H
BJ
R
Reverse Goal Line Mechanics are the same as
on normal scrimmage play
You have the other end line
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0
G 1 0 2 0 3 0 R
U
H
LJ
BJ
G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G
G 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 G
After Safety
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R
U
H
Line up same as
free kick but move
up 20 yards
(normally K30)
Same coverage as
kickoff
LJ
BJ
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G 1 0 2 0 3 0
G 1 0 2 0 3 0
U
H
R
LJ BJ
Do not permit team attendants
to enter field
Help clear players from
measurement area
Observe all players
Tend ball at time of
measurement.
Don’t put your body on the line
to gain and block the view from
the sideline.
Measurement
Timeouts
• Begin 1 minute clock when R signals timeout
• Record the timeout and confirm with fellow
officials
• Notify R when clock is at 45 seconds
• Notify R when clock is at 60 seconds
• Do not huddle with fellow officials
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End of Period Between 1st and 2nd and between 3rd and 4th
• If facing clock, know when period ends
• Stop Clock
• Begin 60 second timer
• Assume responsibility for linesman sideline until
linesman is ready
• Inform R when timer is at 45 seconds and at 60
seconds
• If no visible clock, notify R when 4 minutes remain
in 2nd and 4th periods
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Counting Players • Count defense every play
• Give signal to flanks as soon as possible
• Signal should be given before offense breaks break huddle
• If less than eleven, give thumb down
• If greater than eleven, they have 3 seconds to make
substitution or you have a foul for illegal substitution
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Ball Mechanics • U should get the ball on most plays
• Be prepared to relay the ball, if needed, on pass
plays
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Hurry Up Mechanics
• Mechanics do not change
• Flanks may not count players but you have to
have the count
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Penalty Enforcement
• At end of play, stop clock and give short blasts of
whistle
• Ensure another official is covering spot of foul or
progress spot
• Get the penalty information to the referee if it is
your foul
• If multiple flags, confer with fellow officials to
discuss possible conflict
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Disqualified player
or coach
• Referee and flank notify coach of DQ
• Don’t place hand on offending player and do not
escort player off field
• Record players number, time of foul and cause of
action of any unsportsmanlike penalty
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Bean Bag
• Mark spot of fumble (drop it on a line)
• A snap is a backwards pass, not a fumble
• Bean bag should be in your hands on all kicks,
– First touch (there can be more than one first
touch spot)
– Fumble spot
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Signals Know your signals
• Counting players
• Signal to R for in or out of bounds
• Signal to clock operator when play ends in bounds
• Stopping and starting clock
• Touchdown
• Touchback
• Safety
• Kick out of bounds
• Must know all penalty signals for fouls on kickoffs
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Questions?
40
