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Outlining
• is representing ideas in general
terms.• helps remember major ideas.• helps organize thoughts
and
writing plans.
• saves writer's time.• imposes control to writing
objective.
The Processes of Writing
C, Im11. Collect feedback. 12. Improve.
P4. Organize.C5. Field check .I6. Write /Type
text.
C, Im7. Revise .C, Im8. Field check .C, Im9. Edit
/Proofread .
I10. Print , Bind , Distribute .
P3. Outline .
I2. Collect Ideas.
P1. Define SMCR+ (OFSETT ).
Types of Outlines
Sentence outline (SO)In SO, ideas are complete sentences.SO
formulates clear ideas.SO remains clear if left for a long time.SO
may become cumbersome.Topic outline (TO)Using phrases to outline
ideasAdvantages: shortnessDisadvantages: lack of clarityMixed
outlining (MO)
Expresses major topics sentence outline.TO for
minor topics
I. Purpose
General: Aids in the process of writing
Specific
• Helps organize ideas
• Presents material in a logical form
• Shows relationships among ideas
• Sets an ordered overview of writing
II. Process
• Determine purpose
• Determine audience
• Develop thesis
III. Collecting IdeasBrainstorm: Outline ideas to include
Use techniques of Discovering IdeasOrganize: Group related
ideas
together.Order: Arrange material in subsections
from general to specific or from abstract
to concrete.
IV Outlines have balanced structures
1. Coordination: equal significance.Correct
coordination
A. Word processing programsB. Database programsC. Spreadsheet
programsFaulty coordination A. Word processing programsB.
Microsoft WordC. Visio program
DivisionCoordination
SubordinationParallelism
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2. Division/Subordination: Different levels
Faulty A. Word processing programs
B. Word, Excel
Correct A. Word processing programsB. Microsoft Word
C. Word PerfectFaulty division
A. ComputersB. Mainframe
C. Floppy disk
For NumberingAlphanumerical
I A.
1. a.b.
Decimal
1.01.11.2.11.2.2.1
VI. Sample of an Organized OutlinePurpose, Thesis, Audience,
TitleI. Major Steps in the Writing ProcessA.Outlining/Organizing B.
WritingC. Evaluating D. RevisingII. Writing Programs for the
MicrocomputerA. Programs & Relationship to Writing1. Handling
Thoughta. Use in organizing b. Use in revising2. Using Word
Processorsa. Use in writing b. Use in revisingB. Pros & Cons of
Computer Programs1. Positive featuresa. time spent b. Greater
flexibility, ….2. Negative features ….
Organizing
Follows three ordersNaturalLogicalPsychological
1. Natural Orders
Time and space (spatial order)Introduction, Body, &
ConclusionAlphabetical OrderSize, chronological
Could be imposed by the subject
2. Logical Orders
Climactic OrderGeneral-to-Specific Order
Specific-to-GeneralCause-to-Effect AnalysisCondition-Result
(Argument)
Other ways: familiarity, complexity,usefulness, utility
3. Psychological Orders
To satisfy the reader usingemotional reactions:Acceptability
Dominant impressionFearAnxietyHesitation
Found more in advertisements
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Organizing Information in Reports
Ascending Emphasisimportance increases as readingadvances.
Reverse Climaximportant ideas are placed at thebeginning.
Mixed order
• summary + introduction + thebody (details) + conclusions.
Summary is descriptive Ifintegrated with the text .If summary is
independent, it is
informative one.
details
conclusion
summary
Reverse Emphasis
detailsconclusions
summary
Emphatic Style
summary
Conclusions
& R
Body
(details)
Three Ways for
Organizing Texts
Mixed Style
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
