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Improvement of Vehicle/ Fuel
Efficiency through the
Introduction of Eco-Drive
Management System (EMS)
ALMEC CORPORATION
under MOEJ/GEC
Feasibility Study Program on Bilateral Offset Credit
Mechanism (BOCM) in 2012
23 August 2012
Melia Hotel, Hanoi City
Due to rapid motorization, the number of passenger cars and
taxis have grown 10 times in the past 10 years in Hanoi.
Mobile phones, especially smart phones have been
popularized in Hanoi City.
Japan has much experience and know-how on eco-drive. In
addition, Eco-drive Management System (EMS) has
undergone much technology development in recent years.
Background
1. Conduct of Feasibility Study on improvement of vehicle/ fuel
efficiency through the introduction of EMS to taxis in Hanoi
2. Development of a Measurement, Reporting, Verification
(MRV) scheme applicable to Bilateral Offset Credit
Mechanism (BOCM) for improvement of vehicle/ fuel
efficiency of taxis
Objective
Number of registered cars in Hanoi
Rapid increase is seen in recent years
Source: Hanoi Traffic Police, 2011
From 2007 to present,
registered cars are rapidly
increasing due to the increase
of people’s income and
affordability.
Number of registered taxis in Hanoi
Source: Hanoi Department of Transport, 2011
From 2003 to 2012,
registered taxis have
increased by about 10 times.
2003 06 07 08 09 2012 11 10
2000
10000
18000
0
6000
14000
10 times increase in past 10 years
2,000
1,2001,000
700500 500
300
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Hanoi
Taxi Group
Mai Linh
JSC
Thien
Phong Ltd.
Ba Sao
Group
Manh
Truong Binh Ltd.
Thanh
Nga JSC
PV Trans
Number of taxis by company
There are 114 taxi companies and
17,500 taxis in Hanoi City.
The top 7 companies account for
35% of the total share.
Hanoi Taxi Group has the largest share
Growth of mobile phone subscribers
The number of subscribers is
1.34 times higher than the
number of population
(population in Vietnam is
87.84 million people).
Source: MIC and General Statistics Office, 2011
117.6
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Mobile phone subscribers have increased
by 6 times in the past 5 years
Share of Smart Phone OS in
First Quarter of 2012 in Vietnam
- Smartphone’s share
goes up from 10% in
2010 to 34% in 2011.
- Android leads the smart
phone operating system
market, accounting for
79% of total share.
Source: Information Development Center Vietnam, 2012
Android
79%
Symbian,
iOS,Windows…
21%
“Android” is leading the Smart Phone
Operating System market in Vietnam
Driving patterns and Eco-driving In Japan, eco-driving training is conducted for
4 driving modes: starting, accelerating,
decelerating, and stopping
What is the effect of Eco-Drive ?
According to the case in Japan, 26% of
mileage improvement can be expected
Project Activities
Conduct of Feasibility Study on
mileage improvement project
through the introduction of EMS
to taxis in Hanoi
Introduction of EMS to taxis
Conduct of Eco-drive training
Development of a Measurement,
Reporting, Verification (MRV)
scheme applicable to Bilateral
Offset Credit Mechanism (BOCM)
for improving mileage and
efficiency of taxis
Assessment of feasibility
Study of applicability
Study of reference scenario
Monitoring
Quantifying emission reduction
effects
6 3L E M L E M L E M L E M L E M L E M L E M L E M L E
Study scheduling
(1) Site Survey
(2)Data and InformationsCollection
(3) MRV Methodology
(4)Quantify GHGemission Reduction
(5) Feasibility Study
(6) Reporting
Monthly Report ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
Interim Report(2012/9/20)
▲
DF/R(2013/1/10) ▲
F/R(2013/3/44) ▲
Interim Review(2012 early Nov.)
▲
2012 20137 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Overall Study Schedule
Part I
Conduct of Feasibility Study on
improvement of vehicle/ fuel
efficiency through the introduction
of EMS to taxis in Hanoi
Improve vehicle/ fuel efficiency of taxis in Hanoi by
introducing Japanese Eco-drive management system
(EMS) device and Eco-drive training to taxi drivers.
10 units of EMS devices were installed in the Study.
Monitoring Emission Reduction
1.install EMS device
CO2 EMS
Collect and analyze
driving records (Before)
Improvement of Vehicle/ Fuel Efficiency through the
Introduction of Eco-Drive Management System
Outline of GHG Mitigation Activities
2.Eco-drive training
Improve driving skills and enhance
awareness of eco-driving
3.Eco-drive in practice
CO2 EMS
Collect and analyze
driving records (After)
Outline of EMS Device
Android smart phones are used to collect and display the fuel
consumption (FC) and other driving situation data (DSD) on real-time
basis.
Using popular smart-phones as an EMS device offers inexpensive
and effective eco-drive system to taxi companies in developing
countries.
1. OBD2 Scanner (Bluetooth)
Install OBD2 scanner (Bluetooth) device to OBD2 (On Board
Diagnosis II) connector (located under driving handle)
Data is transmitted from the connector to Andriod smart phones
via Bluetooth system (wireless)
OBD2 Scanner EMS Device (Smartphone)
Outline of EMS Device
Outline of EMS Device
2. Smart phones
EMS is an application tool for Android smart phones.
The EMS device can help drivers to practice Eco-Drive by
providing information on driving situations and alerting for
sudden acceleration or breaks.
Example of data that can be provided (total 55): instantaneous
fuel consumption, average fuel consumption, acceleration,
GPS location, eco-drive diagnosis points, etc.
(Ex.) display FC and DSD
Eco-Drive Training Example of Eco-Drive Training program in Japan managed by ECCJ. (Energy Conservation Centre Japan)
Review Session
Lecture
Learning Eco-Drive
Part II
Development of a MRV scheme
applicable to BOCM for improving
vehicle/ fuel efficiency of taxis
Framework of GHG Emission Reduction
Activities in Transport Sector
Scope: Passenger Transport
To be considered separately
Indicator:pkm/tkm Increased transit efficiency Indicator: pkm/tkm
Increased vehicle/ fuel efficiency Indicator: km
Comparison: Operating vehicles of same transport mode
Comparison:
Operating transport
modes
Comparison: Comparable vehicles
Operating Modus : Urban or suburban passenger transit
Increase Efficiency Shift to Low Carbon
Modes
Reduce Traffic
Volume
Source: Draft of Guidelines Standardized Baselines For The Transport Sector (July 2012, Grutter Consulting AG, UNFCC)
Possible activities
for taxi Increase occupation rate
Optimal vehicle arrangement
Route selection
Reduce vacant cars
Usage of low carbon fuel
Vehicle improvement
Driver training (Eco-drive)
Emission reductions are calculated as the difference between the
reference emission factor (EF) and the monitored project EF multiplied
with the activity level (driving distance) of the project vehicle.
Table Monitoring Data Requirements and Sources
Preliminary MRV Methodology
i
x
ixyxCOyxyxiyiVE NNEFNCVSFCREF /,,,2,,,,,
Where REFVEi,y = Reference emission factor for vehicle/fuel efficiency measures
SFCi,x,y = Specific fuel consumption of vehicle category I using fuel type x
NCVx,y = Net calorific value of fuel type x in year y
EFCO2,x,y= Carbon emission factor for fuel type x in year y
Ni = No. of vehicles of category I reference scenario
Nx,i = No. of vehicles in vehicle category i using fuel type x reference
Parameter Description Data source(s)
Ni,x/Ni Share of vehicles of category i using fuel type x Vehicles registration statistics
SFCi,x Specific fuel consumption of vehicle category i Company data, surveys, default
NCVx Net calorific value of fuel type x IPCC default value
EFCO2,x CO2 emission factor of fuel type x IPCC default value
In case of 1,000 taxi practices, Eco-Drive results in 10% of fuel
efficiency improvement and nearly 1,000 tonCO2/ year of GHG
emission reduction is expected.
It equivalent to 400 KL/ year or 400 L/ year/ taxi of fuel consumption
reduction
parameter unit value source
SFCi,y l/km 0.08 assumption (HTG Vios)
NCVy J/g 42,500 IPCC default value lower boundary
d g/l 783 assumption
EFCO2,y gCO2/j 67.5x10-6 IPCC default value lower boundary
REFVE,i,y gCO2/km 179.70
Annual mileage(km)
Effect of Eco-Drive
Number of vehicles
Fuel saved (KL)
GHG Emission Reduction (tCO2/y)
50,000 10% 1,000 400 898.5
50,000 5% 20,000 4,000 8,985
50,000 10% 20,000 8,000 17,970
Expected GHG Reductions
Vehicle/ fuel efficiency in urban and
suburban areas
The level of vehicle/ fuel efficiency improvement is different by area.
Normally efficiency improvement is greater in suburban areas.
The city is divided into a 1km mesh for detailed analysis.
Urban
Suburban
Village
National
Provincial
Driving route
Vehicle/ fuel efficiency in urban and
suburban areas
Comparison of vehicle/
fuel efficiency in urban
and suburban areas
zone2
zone1
5.34.5
0
3
6
zone1 zone2
mileage(km)
15.6
29.2
0
15
30
zone1 zone2
speed(km/h)
6.75.2
0
4
8
zone1 zone2
fuel efficiency(L/100km)