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�����5���IUPAC���5���@ ��� �&"
<�?��=
" <�$@���=
��"<�?� =
���5�$><�'�=;(" )?(��")2!�09+>�$6*�7��$.%,#�+�$-8��-:/1#�<�$=6��349+
alkane (>&:9.)A=*@anealkene (C=C)A=*@ene<-�C=C�%�(#��a+ �-@ene�;� ��84"��!����84"�� �7&�/�)���������
alkyne (C≡C)A=*@yne<-�C≡C�%�(#��a+ �-@yne�;� ��84"��!����84"�� �7&�/�)���������
C=C���C≡C�0#��(#�ene+yne�;�C=C��84"�)�������84"� �+��
16- � � � � � � � ��
=* meth eth prop but pent hex hept oct non dec
- ;5 - ;5
1 mono 4 tetra
2 di 5 penta
3 tri 6 hexa
�- ;5 �- ;5
2 bis 4 tetrakis3 tris 5 pentakis
○ octa-2,5-diene × octa-3,6-diene
○ oct-1-ene-7-yne × oct-7-ene-1-yne
;���-�;2
;����-�;2?
?-;2�3��$�8,'�<-��(#����3����3� ○ bis(trifuloromethyl)
× bis(methyl)
��������(1-1)○� ��������)�����)S���**� �,$��#�!���)�*) �%����(���*���,�$�� �������!���
�' ��� � �)��"* ���)�&"* �%�
alkane - "�+ane "�+ylalkene - "�+ene "�+enyl
alkyne - "�+yne "�+ynyl
imine =NH "�+an+imine imino+"�+� �
amine -NH2 "�+an+amine amino+"�+� �
thiol -SH "�+an+thiol sulfanyl+"�+� �
alcohol/phenol -OH "�+an+ol hydroxy+"�+� �
ketone -(C=O)- "�+an+one oxo+"�+� �
nitrile -C≡N "�+ane+nitrile cyano+"�+� �
aldehyde -CHO "�+an+al formyl+"�+� �
amide -CONH2 "�+an+amide carbamoyl+"�+� �
acyl halide -COX "�+an+oyl halide haloformyl+"�+� �
ester -COOR R "�+an+oate R�"�+oxycarbonyl+"�+� �
carboxlic acid -COOH "�+an+oic acid carboxy+"�+� �
�
��������(1-2)�������������������
�� � ���
fluoride -F fluoro������� 2,2,2-trifluoroethan-1-ol
chloride -Cl chloro������� 1-chlorobutane
bromide -Br bromo������� 1-bromo-2-chloroethane
iodide -I iodo������� iodomethane
azide -N3 azido������� 1-azidepropane
diazo =N2 diazo������� diazomethane
nitorosyl -NO nitroso������� 1-nitrosopropane
nitoro -NO2 nitoro������� nitromethane
alkoxy -OR R����oxy������� chloro(methoxy)methane
thioalkoxy -SR R����yl�thio������� 2-methylthiopropane
F3C OH
Cl
BrCl
H3C IN3
H2C N2NO
H3C NO2
H3CO Cl
SH3C
�������� (1-3)○F8-+>WS-+>X�<5WIUPAC?6XYX"P�=3>
a: "/W%&Q$�:�V�2H/X�:�0,�Pb: !T.D*W0OD*X�:�0,�Pc: U;@C(19�:�0��Pd: #OD*�:0�Pe: "/����!T.D*�$FA)�:�4��Pf: 7RMWF8/X�9�:0�$FA)�4��P
ZXJLa: 7RM�QA��F8/+�� �����Q�KN������di, tri���9�B�IK�S�� G���
b: :'�KN��F8/�9�0�������c: :'�KN��F8/�$FA)��E.�:4���������
4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-1-ol
�
%&Q$[-C=C- > -C≡C- > -C-C-
12
3
675
43
21
4-propylhepta-1,5-diene
12
36
7
1
23
5
432
1
4-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-4-propylhepta-1,5-diene
32
16
7
1
23
5
412
3 OH
%&Q$[-OH > -C=C- > -C≡C-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)
hept-5-en-1-ol
32
1
4F3C OH
CF3
CH3
32
1
4F3C Br
�������������
��������(2-1)○ $2��,8R��,9
S��,�.���� �/�(%5�-���$2 0��3��+';1) :$2 8� 9
1) �4*"�� !���������6�� �
07 �#& �� ��6�
azide -N3 1) :azide
iodide -I 1) :iodide
bromide -Br 1) :bromide
chloride -Cl 1) :chloride
fluoride -F 1) :fluoride
sulfide R1-S-R2 1) (R1)+1) (R2):sulfide
ether R1-O-R2 1) (R1)+1) (R2):ether
thiol -SH 1) :hydrosulfide
alcohol -OH 1) :alcohol
thioketone R1-(C=S)-R2 1) (R1)+1) (R2):thioketone
ketone R1-(C=O)-R2 1) (R1)+1) (R2):ketone
isonitrile -N≡C 1) :isonitrile
nitrile -C≡N 1) :nitrile
�
[S��,]chloro(methoxy)methane [R��,]Chloromethyl methyl ether
[S��,]4-methylpentan-2-one [R��,]methyl 2-methylpropyl ketone
O Cl
O
��������(2-2)○ ����������
[S��]2-propyl[R��]1-methylethyl[ �]isopropyl
[S��]2-butyl[R��]1-methylpropyl[ �]sec-butyl
[S/R��]2-methylpropyl[ �]isobutyl
[S/R��]1,1-dimethylethyl[ �]tert-butyl
[S/R��]3-methylbutyl[ �]isopentyl
[S/R��]2,2-dimethylpropyl[ �]neopentyl
[S/R��]1,1-dimethylpropyl[ �]tert-pentyl
[S/R��]ethenyl[ �]vinyl
[S/R��]2-propenyl[ �]allyl
[S/R��]ethanoyl[ �]acetyl
[S/R��]propanoyl[ �]propionyl
[S/R��]butanoyl[ �]butyryl
[S/R��]pentanoyl[ �]valeryl
[S/R��]propenoic[ �]acryloyl
[S/R��]2-methylpropenoic[ �]methacryloyl
[S/R��]trans-but-2-enoyl[ �]trans-crotonyl
���
O O O O
OOO
��������(3-1)○C9,.B�20@";OK��� cyclo!��� cyclo + K8"&P3G.�H<4�#�����5.���)HD-!��:I����
methylcyclopropane 3-methylcyclobutene 1-ethyl-3-methylcyclopentane
"6C9,.Ba: 'C9,.B
1) ;OK��� bicyclo!��� bicyclo+[x.y.z]+K82) 2 *�?OAF!G�$��?�AF=!J����+ �E��3) )HD-�?O�#���7��M�?��ND�D-!���
7-methylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonane 6-methylbicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-eneb: $C9,.B
1) ;OK��� tricyclo!��� tricyclo+[w.x.y.za,b]+K82) 6�AF�1� ����'C!L��'C9�/ ���)HD-!(��3) ��Q��?>�AF=����)HD-!%(�����
7-methyltricyclo[4.2.0.02,8]oct-3-ene
6 75
4
32 1
8
96
7
5 4
3
21
8
67
5
4
32
1
8
PI P
. P U
1 2 1 2 9 43 7 5 4 6A 6C8 4
alkane ane
( )
methane ethane propane butane pentane hexane heptane octane nonane
mono tetra
di penta
tri ( hexa
U
amine -NH2 an amine amino
H3CNH2
methanamine 2-methylpropanamine
NH21
2
3HO
O
H NH2(S)-2-aminopropanoic acid
NH
NH
N1-ethyl-N3-methyl-1,3-propanediamine
��������(3-2)c: "$&G=.2ETW��DK�)��G������.2EU
1) @RP��� spiro!��� spiro+[x.y]+P<2)*LI1�"$&/:�Q��9��;��G�B��,����
spiro[4.5]decan-7-old: %#&G.2ETNKG.2EUG!C?����%#&+K!M @RP�
���G�8��!M P<�MF ��
+K MJ +K MJ
O oxa S thia
N aza P phospha
G6AMJ
G6AMJ
(S5 S5 (S5 S5
3* irene irane 5 ole olane
4 ete etane 6 ine ane
M���%#&+K!J @RP M���G�8��!J P<
oxirane aziridine VN�!4�'6G�irine!-H ���01-oxa-2-phosphetane
1,4-dioxane 1,3,5-triazine%#&G.2E���7�����>H3�-H�O�� ����
furan pyrrole imidazole pyridine pyrimidine pyrazine pyrrolidine piperidine
67
5
43
21
8
9 10
HO
O HN
PHO
OO
N
N
N
O HN
N
HN N
N
N
N
N HN
HN
dd i dr
i n e .
i i
O oxa S thia
N aza P phospha
i n
oxacyclopropane(oxirane)
furan pyrrole imidazole pyridine pyrimidine pyrazine pyrrolidine piperidine
O HN
N
HN N
N
N
N
N HN
HN
3* irene irane 5 ole olane
4 ete etane 6 ine ane
2 n
N ) ) ( ) ) ) ( (,) ( (,) ) (
d 1 .
oxacyclopropene(oxirene)
azacyclopropane(azirane, aziridine)
HN
azacycloprop-2-ene(1H-azirene, 1H-azirine)
O O
HN
O
oxacyclobutane(oxetane)
S S
thiacyclopropane(thiirane)
thiacyclopropene(thiirene)
O
oxacyclobutene(2H-oxete)
HN
azacyclobutane(azetane, 2-azetidine)
HN
Azacyclobut-2-ene(2H-azete, 2-azetine)
S
thiacyclobutane(thetane)S
thiacyclobut-2-ene(2H-thete)