5 2 Abbreviations GMRE

Glossary

GMRE Abbreviations

Alcatel University - 3FL 35093 AAAA WBZZA Page 1

1Alcatel 1353 Node Manager The Alcatel 1353 NM Node Manager is working at

Element Management Layer (EML). It is a global element

management platform that offers a comprehensive and

flexible solution for operating, administrating,

maintaining and provisioning Next Generation

SDH/SONET/WDM networks comprised of Optical

Multi-Service Nodes (OMSN), Optical Multi-Service

Gateways (OMSG), Integrated Service Adapters (ISA)

modules (for ATM, Ethernet, MPLS), Digital

Cross-Connects (DXC), C/DWDM and microwave

equipment. The 1353 NM * Handles the physical

configuration of the network resources * Collects and

processes the alarms emitted by the network elements to

inform the operator about necessary actions * Collects

performance data of the network elements to allow

preventive maintenance * Ensures the availability of the

network resources.

1353 NM

Alcatel 1354 Regional Manager The Alcatel 1354 RM Regional Manager is an

integrated, centralized, scalable and flexible network

management layer solution for the management of

end-to-end transport services across SDH/SONET and

WDM networks. Its features include point-and-click setup

of paths, automatic gathering of QoS data as well as

advanced surveillance of integrated network services.

1354 RM

A

Automatically Switched Optical Network Architecture defined by the ITU-T (G.8080) that

describes the application of an automated control plane

for supporting both call and connection management

services in intelligent optical networks (ION). The ASON

control plane architecture distinguishes reference points

(representing points of protocol information exchange)

defined (1) between an administrative domain and a

user, known as the User-to-Network Interface (UNI), (2)

between administrative domains, known as External

Network-to-Network Interfaces (E-NNI), (3) between

control domains of the same administrative domain,

and when needed (4) between control components (or

simply GMPLS controllers) within the same control

domain, known as Internal Network-to-Network

Interfaces (I-NNI).

ASON

Automatically Switched Transport NetworkASTN

C

Command Line Interface This Interface is used by the operator to configure and

control the GMRE, by typing commands in an ordinary

Telnet Shell or serial application like Zterm.

CLI

Contiguous Concatenation Contiguous Concatenation is a procedure associating

several virtual containers, which allows their combined

capacity to be used as a single container. All containers

(VC4-nc) stay together and take the same way through

the network.

Contiguou

s

Concatena

tion

Control Plane A set of protocols (ATM, SDH ...) running between

Network Elements to provide Intelligent Optical Network

(ION) features

Control

Plane

Common Object Request Broker Architecture CORBA is a specification providing remote access to

objects of software in distributed systems, running on

different platforms.

CORBA

Constrained Shortest Path FirstCSPF

Page 23FL 35093 AAAA WBZZA Alcatel University -

DData Communication Channel Bytes within the Section Overhead (SOH) of the SDH

signal, which are used to transport management

information. DCCR:Data Communication Channel

within the Regenerator Section Used Bytes: D1-D3,

Capacity: 192 kbit/s DCCM :Data Communication

Channel within the Multiplex Section Used Bytes:

D4-D12, Capacity: 576 kbit/s

DCC

Data Communication Channel within the HO

POH

Bytes within the HO Path Overhead of the SDH signal,

which are used to transport management information.

DCCP

Data Communication Network The Data Communication Network is used for

transmitting management information between the

management systems, such as Alcatel 1354 RM or

Alcatel 1353 NM, and the transmission network

elements. The DCN can be build up as a separate

network (outband) or using the DCC of the SDH signal

(inband).

DCN

DCC Router Basic element of the EC function in the FLCCONGI unit.

The DCR modules implement the IP-over-DCC services

used for In-Fiber / In-Band control plane traffic.

DCR

Data Plane RoutingDPR

E

Element Manager The EM processor module performs equipment control

functions, using a 60 Gbyte hard disk, where the current

Management Information Base (MIB) and the software is

stored..

EM

Exterior NNIE-NNI

F

First Level ControllerFLC

First Level Controller Control and General

Interface

The FLCCONGI board (used in 1678 MCC) has the

following functions: * The Message Communication

Function (MCF) (it can manage up to 32 DCC

channels/shelf). * A replaceable PCMCIA Flash Card

for the configuration database and Software (It is

protected by another Flash card located in the FLCSERV

unit) A failure on the FLCCONGI or FLCSERV unit has

no impact on traffic, or on automatic protection

switching functions, which are managed by the Shelf

Controller processor inside the 640Gb/s matrix unit.

Moreover a failure on the FLCCONGI or FLCSERV unit

has no impact on the node availability in the Network

Management (supervision), thanks to the EC duplication.

FLCCON

GI

First Level Controller Service The FLCSERV board (used in 1678 MCC) has the

following functions: * The Message Communication

Function (MCF) (it can manage up to 32 DCC

channels/shelf). * A replaceable PCMCIA Flash Card

for the configuration database and Software (It is

protected by another Flash card located in the

FLCCONGI unit) A failure on the FLCCONGI or

FLCSERV unit has no impact on traffic, or on automatic

protection switching functions, which are managed by

the Shelf Controller processor inside the 640Gb/s matrix

unit. Moreover a failure on the FLCCONGI or FLCSERV

unit has no impact on the node availability in the

Network Management (supervision), thanks to the EC

duplication.

FLCSERV

G


Gigabit EthernetGbE

Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching Protocol suite (defined by IETF) that extends the label

switching paradigm introduced in MPLS to include both

packet-switched and circuit-switched networks and that

provides the distributed intelligence required to build

efficient and resilient multi-layer networks. GMPLS offers

superior characteristics for reducing carriers operating

Expenses related to network engineering thanks to the

Introduction of an automated control plane applicable to

a Range of switching layers. As connections can be

established within a second, GMPLS technology is also

an Ideal solution for carriers who want to improve

customer service and generate new revenues through

Bandwidth-on-demand provisioning. Designed to

support meshed optical networks, GMPLS-based

distributed control planes enable automation of network

resource management and discovery, dynamic

provisioning of connections, and their recovery.

GMPLS

Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching

Routing Engine

unplements GMPLS protocol suite. Installed on FCC`sGMRE

H

High Order The transmission rate of SDH signals is divided in high

order and low order signals. High Order: VC-4; Low

Order: VC-12, VC-3

HO

I

Internet Engineering Task Force In charge to standardize the Internet protocolsIETF

Intelligent Optical NetworkION

Internet Protocol IP specifies the format of packets, also called

datagrams, and the addressing scheme. Most networks

combine IP with a higher-level protocol called

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which establishes a

virtual connection between a destination and a source.

IP by itself is something like the postal system. It allows

you to address a package and drop it in the system, but

there s no direct link between you and the recipient.

TCP/IP, on the other hand, establishes a connection

between two hosts so that they can send messages back

and forth for a period of time.

IP

IP Control Channels Logical communication link between the node and its

neighbor used to send control plane messages.

IPCC

International Telecommunication Union -

Telecommunication Standardization Sector

The ITU, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland is an

international organization within the United Nations

System where governments and the private sector

coordinate global telecom networks and services. The

ITU-T is one of the three Sectors of the ITU. ITU-T s

mission is to ensure an efficient and on-time production

of high quality standards (Recommendations) covering

all fields of telecommunications.

ITU-T

J

Section Trace Identifier Byte within the Regenerator Section Overhead (RSOH) of

the SDH signal, which is used to identify a section using

an ASCII string as label.

J0

Path Trace Identifier Byte within the high order path overhead of the SDH

signal, which is used to identify a path using an ASCII

string as label.

J1

L

Ethernet / MPLS switchL2 Switch


Local Area Network A computer network that spans a relatively small area.LAN

Link Management ProtocolLMP

Low Order The transmission rate of SDH signals is divided in high

order and low order signals. High Order: VC-4 Low

Order: VC-12, VC-3

LO

Low Order MatrixLOM

Link State AdvertisementLSA

Label Switched PathLSP

Label Switching RouterLSR

M

Management Information Base A database of objects that can be monitored by a

network management system.

MIB

Multi Protocol Label Switching Multi-Protocol Label Switching is a new protocol defined

by the IETF that simplifies and streamlines IP Addressing.

With MPLS a packet gets assigned to a forward

equivalence class only once - when it enters the network

-and this label is sent along with the packet at each hop.

When the packet gets to the next node in its path, the

label is used as an index to a look-up table which

provides a new label. The old label is switched for the

new one and the packet is sent along its way. MPLS

enables the convergence onto one network platform for

both ATM and IP traffic by addressing the following

requirements: * Switching cells when ATM is used as the

underlying link Layer - with network-layer routing *

Improves price-per-performance of network layer

routing * Facilitates scalability through traffic

aggregation * Provides greater flexibility in the delivery

of new routing * Service, improving the potential of

traffic engineering Supports delivery of services with

QoS guarantee

MPLS

Multiplex Section OverHead part of SOHMSOH

Multiplex Section Protection * MSP-Linear Trail protects optical lines (Multiplex

Section) between two adjacent network elements. It is

also called Automatic Protection Switching (APS).

MSP

Multiplex Section Shared Protection in Rings Example for 2f MS-SPRing: * All NEs inside a MS-SPRing

protected ring contain a pair of protected STM-16 ports:

- One port is called "West" the other one "East" port. -

The West port of a NE has to be connected to the East

port of his neighbor. * A 2f MS-SPRing consists of NEs

which are connected in a ring by 2 optical fibers. * One

fiber transports the signals in one direction, the other

fiber transports the signals in the opposite direction. *

The capacity of each fiber is shared into: - one half for

working traffic - one half for protection traffic As a

result there are 8 working AU-4 and 8 protection AU-4

for the STM-16 fiber. * There is a fixed relationship

between the working AU-4 (working channels) and the

protection AU-4 (protection channels): The working

channel number x (from West to East) is protected by

protection channel number (x+8) (from East to West) for

the STM-16 fiber.

MS-SPRing

Multi Technology Network Management This means, that the NE can be managed by the Alcatel

Network Management Systems as well as by 3rd party

applications. The MTNM Interface is based on the

CORBA protocol.

MTNM

N

Network ElementNE


Network Management InterfaceNMI

Network Management SystemNMS

Network to Network Interface Standardized interface within the GMPLS. Describes the

interface within the transmission network. There are two

kinds of NNI: the E-NNI (external NNI) and the I-NNI

(internal NNI)

NNI

O

Optical Internetworking Forum Industry forum to agree on interoperable standards.OIF

Operation System Application that performs some management functions

in a telecommunication network.

OS

Open System Interconnection A reference model of protocols organized in seven

layers, with the aim of facilitating the interworking of

equipment from different manufacturers. Control is

passed from one layer to the next, starting at the

application layer in one station, proceeding to the

bottom layer, over the channel to the next station and

back up the hierarchy.

OSI

Open Shortest Path FirstOSPF

P

Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Technology used in telecommunications networks to

transport large quantities of data over digital transport

equipment such as fiber optic and microwave radio

systems.

PDH

Protection and Restoration Combined Restoration - implies several benefits but - is much

slower (some seconds) compared with SNCP. Combined

Protection and Restoration: - combines advantages of

both - SNCP guarantees path recovery time of less than

50ms - Restoration mechanism creates a new SNCP

path - provides fully protected status of the restored path

PRC

Q

Q-Interface AdapterQIA

Quality of ServiceQoS

R

Restoration Restoration is associated to a process where the

switching decision is taken by a Network Management

System (NMS) which can be either centralized or

distributed through the network. Advantage in

comparison to Protection: more effective use of

available transport capacity.

Restoratio

n

Request For Comments (IETF)RFC

Router A device that forwards data packets along networks. A

router is connected to at least two networks, commonly

two LANs or WANs. Routers are located at gateways, the

places where two or more networks connect. Routers use

headers and forwarding tables to determine the best

path for forwarding the packets, and they use protocols

to communicate with each other and configure the best

route between any two hosts.

Router

Resource Reservation ProtocolRSVP

S

Source Based Restoration Upon a failure on the nominal main the head node

calculates a new route through the network.

SBR

Shelf Controller The SC controls the implemented HW, Front LEDs and

EPS mechanisms.

SC

Switched Connection A Connection through ASON upon UNI signalization.SC


Synchronous Digital Hierarchy A standard for communicating digital information over

optical fiber and microwaves. It was developed to

replace the PDH system for transporting large amounts

of telephone and data traffic.

SDH

Sub Network Connection A connection through an ASON.SNC

Sub Network Connection Protection The SNCP function protects a path (or a part of a path).SNCP

Soft Permanent Connection A connection through ASON initiated by G.ASON

Manger or CLI on the head node.

SPC

Shared Risk Group Databearer bundled in TE-Links can be added to a

shared risk group representing a conduit or WDM fiber

sharing the same risk.

SRG

System Supervision Unit Observes the processes on the FLC and is responsible

for starting and shutting them.

SSU

Synchronous Transport Module - level N (N =

1, 4, 16, 64, ...)

STM-N

Switch In networks, a device that filters and forwards packets

between LAN segments. Switches operate at the data

link layer (layer 2) and sometimes the network layer

(layer 3) of the OSI Reference Model and therefore

support any packet protocol. LANs.

Switch

T

Traffic EngineeringTE

Transport Network AddressTNA

Port that performs the SDH functionality of a

signal.

Port that performs the SDH functionality of a signal.Traffic Port

Trail Termination PointTTP

U

User to Network Interface Standardized interface within the GMPLS. Describes the

interface between users, such as IP-networks, and the

transmission network.

UNI

V

Virtual Hardware ManagerVHM

Virtual concatenation Virtual concatenation provides the ability to transmit and

receive several noncontiguous containers as a single

flow. All virtual combined containers (VC4-nv) run

independently inside the SDH network.

Virtual

concatenat

ion

W

Wide Area Network A computer network that spans a relatively large

geographical area. Typically, a WAN consists of two or

more local-area networks (LANs). Computers connected

to a wide-area network are often connected through

public networks, such as the telephone system. They can

also be connected through leased lines or satellites. The

largest WAN in existence is the Internet.

WAN

Wavelength Division Multiplexer In WDM technique, several signals (or channels) are

transported simultaneously over one fiber but at different

wavelengths without interaction. The capacity of a WDM

system is thus given by the sum of bandwidths

transported on the different "lambdas". When the

channels are closely spaced (100 GHz or below), it is

sometimes called Dense Wavelength Division

Multiplexing (DWDM). A 100 GHz grid spacing has

been standardized by the ITU-T.

WDM


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5 2 Abbreviations GMRE