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A Short History of the Scriptures
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The Septuagint
And theTalmud
The Septuagint
And theTalmud
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The Jewish Diaspora
In Judaism, the nation and the religion wereone of a piece.
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63 BCE-313 CE ROMAN RULE 37BCE - 4CE Herod, Roman rules
Israel;
Temple in Jerusalem refurbished20-23 Ministry of Jesus
66 Jewish revolt against the Romans70 Destruction of Jerusalem
and SecondTemple.
132-135 Bar Kokhba uprising against Rome.
210 Codification of Jewish oral law ( Mishnah )completed.
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Keeping the Language of Faith
When you lose the language,you lose the faith!
A need to translate Torahinto a common language
A need to respond to curious Greekspeaking Gentiles
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The Septuagint
LXX
The Seventy
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Koine Greek translated instages
3rd and1st centuries BC E
Alexandria
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koine_Greekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_century_BChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_century_BChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_century_BChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_century_BChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koine_Greek
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Problems with the Septuagint
Cannot translate Hebrew into Greek word forword.Translation
difficulties become apparent inkey interpretive passages:
the young woman is with child and about togive birth to a son
(Hebrew)the virgin (parthenos) is with child (Greek)
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Septuagint became a part of world literatureearly on.
Contrast to Quran
Judaism became a world religion.
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Christian Significance
Septuagint became THE HebrewBible for Christian scholarsVery few
Christian scholarsknew ancient HebrewNot until about 1200 did
Christianity begin tolook at the Hebrew text of the Hebrew
Bible
Even today, LXX helps scholars translate theNew TestamentLXX is
a separate Hebrew text tradition fromthe Masoretic text (used
mostly today)
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The Talmud
Continuing Revelation
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Scripture Tradition
Reason Experience
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Apocrypha (several Hebrew books)
GemaraHaggadah (narrative interpretation)Halakhah
(interpretation of the Law)Kabbalah (mystical systems)Midrash
(comment with addition)Mishnah (sayings of the fathers)Talmud
(detailed commentary)
Targum (Aramaic translation)Tosefta (narrative texts)
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ApocryphaGreek NameBooks in TanakhSee Appendix I
See where Protestant and Catholic canondiverges
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Talmud
35 volumes (in English)
This is a picture of the Hebrew Talmud!
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Obedience and Intellectual Activity
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Jesus says, Do your homework!And that includes reading my
Word!
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Christ and the New Testament
For next week:
Read Pelikan 5 & 6
