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4G Wireless Technology:When will it happen? What does it offer?

Bill Krenik Chief Technical Officer, Wireless Business Unit

Texas Instruments, Inc., Dallas, Texas

Abstract 2001- First 3G service

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This paper will explore what 4G technology is, as well assome of the key factors that must be addressed to fullycomprehend the benefits and challenges of successfullyimplementing 4G. Silicon level technology issues will beaddressed, such as next-generation applications processing,modem technology, power management and integration.Finally, the trends and predictions for 4G network deploymentwill be discussed.

Figure 1: Current 3G handset features

The move to 4G networks will allow service providers to offer the impressive applications that will drive users to upgrade tothe new phones. Current downlink data rates are less than 10megabits per second (Mbps); 4G systems will offer downlink data rates well over 100 Mbps, an improvement of 10 timesover 3G. 4G systems will also have low latency, improving

the consumer experience. With flexible network connections,efficient use of spectrum and impressive user applications, 4Gwill offer what consumers want.

Introduction

Consumer expectations for mobile handsets and similar products are becoming more and more sophisticated.Consumers are demanding a better user experience along withmore advanced and useful applications on a more ergonomicdevice. Devices continue to shrink in size while growing in

processing power. Next generation mobile networks, like 4Gwireless technologies, will need to meet these user expectations if they are to succeed.

But bringing 4G to the market will have its challenges. Nextgeneration applications processors and modem technology will

be necessary as well as higher levels of integration and power management. All of this, of course, has to be offered at a price

point that the consumer will pay.

What is LTE?The current third generation (3G) offerings are a bigimprovement over the previous 3G network products fromseveral years ago. Figure 1 demonstrates how mobile devices

have changed in the past 7 years.

Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology is sometimes called3.9G or Super 3G and has been developed by the ThirdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP) as an improvement tothe current Universal Mobile Telecommunications System(UMTS). By using Orthogonal Frequency Division MultipleAccess (OFDMA), LTE will be able to provide download ratesof 150 Mbps for multi-antenna (2x2) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) for the highest category terminals. For theseterminals upload rates in the 50 Mbps range will allow anefficient transfer of data.

The current 3G devices are good, but they will have toimprove in areas like imaging and processing power to supportfuture 4G applications like three dimensional (3D) andholographic gaming, 16 megapixel (MPixel) smart camerasand high-definition (HD) camcorders. Applications like thesewill demand more processing power than the current 3Ghandsets offer, requiring more efficient applications processors.

141978-1-4244-2605-8/08/$25.00 ©2008 IEEE

IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference

November 3-5, 2008 / Fukuoka, Japan

Plenary Talk3

Authorized licensed use limited to: City College of New York. Downloaded on May 10, 2009 at 19:55 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

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LTE makes very efficient use of the available spectrum withchannel bandwidths from 1.25 Megahertz (MHz) to 20 MHz.

implemented in countries where 5 MHz is a commonlyallocated amount of spectrum. LTE will also co-exist with

legacy systems already rolled out around the world.

HD video streamingMulti-view real timevideo streamingInteractive 3D

graphicsHigh-resolutionvideo streamingMobile Web 2.0

Virtual realityContext &Preference-AwareAdvanced videodisplay

SMS, InternetBrowsing

GPRS/EDGE

UMTS/TD-SCDMA

HSPA

LTE/Wi-MAX

IMT-Advanced

~ 200kbps

ShowTime7:30pm

Song1

Song2

Purchase

~ 300kbpsto 14 Mbps

~ 10 to 100Mbps

~ 100 Mbpsto 1Gbps

With less than 5 millisecond (ms) latency for small IP packets,LTE is able to offer an Internet experience closer to a wired

broadband connection. In addition, LTE supports MBSFN(Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network) for MobileTV broadcasts over the LTE network.

LTE is currently expected to be ratified in December 2008with first products available the next year. An additionalupgrade, LTE Advanced, would enable peak data downloadrates of over 1 gigabit per second (Gbps) to support 4Gfunctionality.

Figure 3: 4G Enables Higher-Performance Applications

OFDMA is able to deliver high spectral efficiency due to itsresistance to frequency selective fading, multi-path robustness,

flexible resource scheduling and its ability to take advantageof MIMO antenna systems. With two times the spectralefficiency of High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA),OFDMA is able to provide the performance needed for 4Gsystems.

Latency and Efficiency

Latency in a wireless network describes the time it takes between when an action is initiated or requested and when itactually begins. In 3.5G networks, when a phone is indormant mode and wants to initiate a connection, a severalhundred milleseconds (ms) delay is common. For transmission of data packets, 50 ms one-way latency is thenorm.

4G Applications

As data rates have increased over the years, higher performance applications have been enabled on the mobilehandset. Figure 3 shows the progression of these applications.

Consumers want a connection experience like they get at their homes using a wired broadband connection. LTE willdecrease latency to just 50 ms from dormant to connection anda 5 ms one-way latency after that, delivering connectionlatencies similar to a wired connection.

Context awareness will allow phones to sense and react to a

shopping in a local mall. She passes by a poster of her favoriteTV star. Her phone and the poster sense each other and shereceives information directly on her phone about show times

Like latency, efficiency will be critical to 4G systems. Thelarge amounts of information flowing through 4G systems willrequire high spectral efficiency. Figure 2 shows the relativespectral efficiency of different 3G and 4G system modemtechnologies.

Another exciting future application is telemedicine. In thefuture a patient will be able to take general readings, liketemperature, pulse and blood glucose levels and send themdirectly to a doctor for evaluation. Or, imagine you are the heads off to school each day you must rely on the child andschool nurse to keep their diabetes under control. Withtelemedicine applications, your child would be able to take

their blood glucose reading at school and that reading wouldthen be automatically forwarded to you, the parent, giving you

peace of mind. The possibilities are endless!

LTE Downlink

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

HSDPA(1X2)Rake*

HSDPA(1X2)LMMSE

HSDPA(2X2)MIMO

LTE (2X2)MIMO*

S p e c

t r a

l e f f

i c i e n c y

( b p s

/ H z

)

*: Based upon operator initiated LTE performance comparison in 3GPP RAN1

LTE Uplink

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

HSUPA release'6(1X2)*

LTE (1X2)*

S p e c

t r a

l e f f

i c i e n c y

( b p s

/ H z

)

High-spectral efficiencyResistance to frequencyselective fadingRobust to multi-path

OFDMA allows flexible resourceschedulingWell-suited to multiple antennae,MIMO systems (diversity)

OFDM Benefits Figure 4 shows some of the expected 4G applications and the performance levels consumers demand. Consumers todayexpect their mobile device to perform with the same or even

better standards than stand-alone devices. These applicationsalong with an intuitive, high resolution user interface willdeliver the 4G experience of tomorrow.Figure 2: OFDM Offers the Best Spectral Efficiency

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PO

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Camera

Browser

Camcorder

Navigation

Media player

8-12 MPOptical zoom

Full web page display All plug-ins and fonts

HD record and playbackImage stabilization

GPS based directionsReal-time traffic updates

Support all audio & video formatsHigh-resolution display

Autofocus1 s shot-to-shot

Gaming3D graphicsHD quality

12-megapixelcamera

2D/3D graphics High-quality audio

DVD-qualitycamcorder

720p HD videoand beyondProductivity

clients

Optimal balanceof power,

performanceand price

Fast boot time

and gaming

Full Web browsing

3D user interface

M-Shield security

Seamless connectivityto WiFi, 3G,

WiMAX, GPS

OMAP 3 Processor

Figure 4: 4G Meets High Consumer ExpectationsFigure 5: OMAP Delivers the Performance for 4G Systems

Mobile Internet Device (MID) Integrated graphics and image accelerators enable new levelsof application performance for 4G phones, like HD camcorder

functionality and 720p HD video playback. A criticalcomponent of this new generation of OMAP processors is theintegration of SmartReflex technologies for advanced power reduction to give users the battery life they expect. Additionalinterfaces and integrated systems on OMAP 3 processors areshown in Figure 6.

A new class of mobile devices is emerging that is aconvergence of the Smartphone market with the PC market.These new MIDs, Mobile Internet Devices, are low-power,high-performance wireless devices, able to deliver a desktopexperience on a small footprint, portable device. MIDs deliver an intuitive user interface with touch screens, as well as full-featured browser support, high resolution displays, broadbandand personal connectivity, a camera, camcorder, navigation,media player, gaming and office productivity applications in asmall footprint that can operate all day on a single charge.

Integration and Power Management

To be able to deliver the performance needed for 4Gtechnologies, process technologies must continue towardshigher integration. The current 45 nanometer (nm) process inuse today allows up to two times the density compared to the

previous 65nm process. In addition to cost savings, the 45nm process achieves a 25% performance increase over the 65nm process. Continued integration will increase performancewhile decreasing costs over time. But all this integrationcomes at a price, namely the need for sophisticated power management technologies. Shrinking the process technologydown to 45nm has an exponential effect on leakage power

With the ability to reuse software and hardware already in usein Smartphones, MIDs will offer a whole new market for 4G

investment and accelerate the time-to-market of these newdevices.

Next Generation Applications Processors

The amount of processing performance needed to deliver thesenew 4G applications will be large. Integrated, multi-corearchitectures that deliver microprocessors and DSPs on a

sophisticated and intuitive user interfaces and provide a web browsing experience similar to traditional PCs. These multi-core applications processors are smaller in size and consume

less power than PC-based architectures. Figure 5

performance, power and price needed for 4G technology.

PowerVRSGX530

GPU

LCDI/F

CameraImage

Pipeline S e c u r i t y

MemoryController

P e r i p

h e r a

l s

L 4

r n t e r c o n n e c

t

ImagingVideo

Accelerator

V i d e o

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Processor

OMAP3430

L3 Interconnect

Video (720p) and StillImage capture and

playback.UI/game control by

camera

Digital stillcameraquality

imaging

GameEngine up to

800 MhzFloating

PointJava Jazelle

RCT Acceleration

Drive TV or DLP directfrom phone

ProcessingPower for

allapplication.full Internetbrowsing

experience, AudioEngine,Speech,

VoIPChat

Console Quality Graphics2D and 3D acc

OpenGL® ES1.1OpenVG, JSR184, 239, 297

SecuringContent,

DRM,Secure

Runtime,IPSec

Modem

WLAN

Bluetooth

Internet accesssocial network

connection, onlinegaming, VoIP

based chat

GPS

Sensorsaccelerometers,

eye glasses

On device autoimage enhancement

and correction. AF/AE/AWB

ARM Cortex A8 Neon

The OMAP 3 family of applications processors delivers awhole new level of integration and performance for 4Gapplications by integrating a multi-core technology along with

innovative user interfaces as well as faster data access rates. Figure 6: OMAP 3 High-Performance Applications Processors for 4G

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256+ gigabytes memory

3D and holographic gaming

16MP smart cameras

8+ hours of video

10+ hours of talk time

Motion sensor

3D imaging & display

Multi touch-screen

Personalizationof user interface

Positioning technology

HD camcorder

Speech enablement

Augmented reality

Predictions for 4G

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A th i d li d li it d t Cit C ll g f N Y k D l d d M 10 2009 t 19 55 f IEEE X l R t i ti l

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