APUSH Test Chapters 4, 5, and 6 DOCUMENTSI.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

Well beloved good friend Henry Hovener, …I heartily wish your welfare for god be thanked I am now in good health, but my brother and my wife are dead about a year passed, and touching the business that I came hither is nothing yet performed, by reason of my sickness & weakness I was not able to travel up and down the hills and dales of these countries but do now intend every day to walk up and down the hills for good Minerals. [H]ere is both gold silver and copper to be had and therefore I will do my endeavors by the grace of god to effect what I am able to perform. And I entreat you to beseech the Company in my behalf to … provide me some experimented fellow & a strong boy to assist me in my business, and that it may please the aforesaid Company to send me at my charge a bed with a bolster and cover and some Linen for shirts and sheets, Six falling bands with Last Size pairs of shoes two pairs of boots three pairs of colored stockings and garters with three pairs of leather gloves some powder and shot, two little runlets of oil and vinegar some spice & sugar to comfort us here in our sickness about fifty pounds weight of Holland and English cheese together, Likewise some knives, spoons, combs and all sorts of colored beads as you know the savage Indians use… And whatsoever this all costs I will not only with my most humble service but also with some good Tobacco Bevor and Otter skins and other commodities here to be had recompense the Company for the same. And if you could send for my brother Phillipps Sonne in Darbesheere to come hither it were a great commodity for me or such another used in mineral works. And thus I commit you to the Almighty.

-- Letter from Sebastian Brandt to Henry Hovener, January 1622

Now it pleased God to send Mr. Whitefield into this land; . . . And I soon heard he was come to New York and the Jerseys and great multitudes flocking after him under great concern for their Souls and many converted which brought on my concern more and more hoping soon to see him. . . . We went down in the stream; I heard no man speak a word all the way three miles but every one pressing forward in great haste and when we got to the old meeting house there was a great multitude; it was said to be 3 or 4000 of people assembled together. . . . And my hearing him preach gave me a heart wound; by God’s blessing my old foundation was broken up, and I saw that my righteousness would not save me; then I was convinced of the doctrine of Election and went right to quarreling with God about it, because all that I could do would not save me; and he had decreed from Eternity who should be saved and who not. --

“The Great Awakening Comes to Connecticut” (1740), Nathaniel Cole

“Be it enacted. . . That after the five and twentieth day of March, 1698, no goods or merchandizes whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation to his Majesty, in Asia, Africa or America. . . in any ship or bottom, but what is or shall be of the built of England, Ireland, or the said colonies or plantations . . . and navigated with the masters and three – fourths of the mariners of the said places only . . . under the pain of forfeiture of ships and goods.” -- English Parliament, Navigation Act, 1696

“We must delight in each other; make other's conditions our own; rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, as members of the same body. So shall we keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace. The Lord will be our God, and delight to dwell among us, as his own people, and will command a blessing upon us in all our ways…We shall find that the God of Israel is among us, when ten of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies; when he shall make us a praise and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantations, "the Lord make it likely that of New England." For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause him to withdraw his present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world. We shall open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of God, and all professors for God's sake. We shall shame the faces of many of God's worthy servants, and cause their prayers to be turned into curses upon us till we be consumed out of the good land whither we are a going.”

--John Winthrop, “A Model of Christian Charity,” sermon aboard the Arabella, 1630

“As a moving force in colonial development, the series of religious upheavals known as the Great Awakening was comparable to the mid-century colonial wars. Indeed, the Great Awakening was in some ways even more fundamental: it created as the wars did not, a popular inter-colonial movement, the first to stir the people of several colonies on a matter of common emotional concern; it split several existing churches, heightened popular initiative in social and political life, and strengthened the forces that were making American culture distinct from that of England.” -- Richard Hofstadter, America at 1750: A Social Portrait, 1971

VII.

VIII.

IX.

X.

XI.

“We your majesty’s faithful subjects. . . entreat your majesty’s gracious attention to this our humble petition. . . “At the conclusion. . . of the late war. . . your loyal colonists having contributed to its success. . . doubted not but that they should be permitted, with the rest of the empire, to share in the blessings of peace, and the profits of victory and conquest.” “. . . your Majesty will find your faithful subjects on this continent ready and willing. . .to assert and maintain the rights and interests of your Majesty, and of our Mother Country.”-- Petition to King George III by the Continental Congress (Known as the Olive Branch Petition), July 8, 1775.

“The rebellious war now levied is ... manifestly carried on for the purpose of establishing an independent empire. . . The object is too important, the spirit of the British nation too high, the resources with which God hath blessed her too numerous, to give up so many colonies which she has planted with great industry, nursed with great tenderness, encouraged with many commercial advantages, and protected and defended at much expense of blood and treasure.”

--King George III, Address to Parliament, October 27, 1775

… We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.—That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,—That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government,… — Thomas Jefferson

A Delcaration of Rights made by the representatives of the good people of Virginia ...

Section 1. That all men are by nature equally free and independent and have certain inherent rights....

Plain Truth (1776), James ChalmersIt now behooves us well to consider, whether it were better to enter the harbour of peace with Great Britain, or plunge the ship into all the horrors of war.—Of civil war. As peace and a happy extension of commerce, are objects infinitely better for Great Britain, than war and a diminution of her commerce. It therefore is her interest to grant us every species of indulgence, consistent with our constitutional dependence, should war continue, there can be no doubt of annihilation of our ships, ports and commerce, by Great Britain. . . .If my remarks are founded on truth, it results, that the time hath not found us; that independency is inexpedient, ruinous, and impracticable, and that reconciliation with Great Britain on good terms, is our sole resource. ’Tis this alone, will render us respectable; it is this alone, will render us numerous; it is this only, will make us happy. . . .

Released from foreign war, we would probably be plunged into all the misery of anarchy and intestine war. Can we suppose that the people of the south, would submit to having the seat of Empire at Philadelphia, or New England; or that the people oppressed by a change of government, contrasting their misery with their former happy state, would not invite Britain to reassume the sovereignty

XII. XIII.

XIV.

XV.

XVI.

XVII.

A Delcaration of Rights made by the representatives of the good people of Virginia ...

Section 1. That all men are by nature equally free and independent and have certain inherent rights....

If they have any right to tax us---then, whether our own money shall continue in our own pockets or not, depends no longer on us, but on them. In the words of Mr. Locke, “What property have we in that, which another may, by right, take when he pleases, to himself. These duties, which will inevitably be levied upon us---which are now levying upon us---are expressly laid FOR THE SOLE PURPOSES OF TAKING MONEY. This is the true definition of “taxes.” They are therefore taxes. This money is to be taken from us. We are taxed without our own consent, expressed by ourselves or our representatives. We are therefore---I speak it with grief---I speak it with indignation---We are SLAVES. “Letter from a Farmer,” John Dickinson, Pennsylvania Chronicle and Universal Advertiser, January 11, 1768

“And whereas it is just and reasonable, and essential to our Interest, and the Security of our Colonies, that the several Nations or Tribes of Indians with whom We are connected, and who live under our Protection, should not be molested or disturbed in the Possession of such Parts of Our Dominions and Territories as, not having been ceded to or purchased by Us, are reserved to them, as their Hunting Grounds. We do therefore, with the Advice of our Privy Council, declare it to be our Royal Will and Pleasure that no Governor or Commander in Chief in any of our Colonies of Quebec, East Florida or West Florida, do presume, upon any Pretense whatever, to grant Warrants of Survey, or pass any Patents for Lands beyond the Bounds of their respective Governments as described in their Commissions” Proclamation of 1763

“Your sentiments, that our affairs are drawing rapidly to a crisis, accord with my own. What the event will be is also beyond the reach of my foresight. We have errors to correct; we have probably had too good an opinion of human nature in forming our Confederation. Experience has taught us that men will not adopt, and carry into execution, measures the best calculated for their own good, without the intervention of coercive power. I do not conceive we can exist long as a nation without lodging, somewhere, a power which will pervade the whole Union in as energetic a manner as the authority of the state

“The Bloody Massacre in King-Street, March 5, 1770,” Engraving by Paul Revere, Boston,

XVIII.

XIX.

XX.

XXI.

Refer to the passage below to answer the following question:

Article III. The said states hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defense, the security of their Liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty,trade, or any other pretence whatever. - The Articles of Confederation

“…the accounts which are published of the commotions…exhibit a melancholy proof of what our trans-Atlantic foe has predicted; …that mankind when left to themselves are unfit for their own Government. I am mortified beyond expression when I view the clouds that have spread over the brightest morn that ever dawned upon any Country… To be more exposed in the eyes of the world, and more contemptible than we already are, is hardly possible.” -- George Washington to Henry Lee, inquiring about Shays’ Rebellion

Slavery hung over the Philadelphia Convention, threatening to divide northern and southern delegates. Even though slavery existed by law in some of the northern states in 1787, most people there favored its end. Southerners were more unsure about whether to end slavery, both because they had significantly greater numbers of slaves to deal with and because an end to [slavery] had important economic implications. The result was compromise. The Founding Fathers were more determined to fashion a new nation than they were to bring an end to slavery.” - Kermit Hall, historian, The Law of American Slavery, 1987

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.—That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the Governed.—That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new Government, laying its foundations on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness… --Declaration of Independence, issued by the Second Continental Congress, July 4, 1776

“Your sentiments, that our affairs are drawing rapidly to a crisis, accord with my own. What the event will be is also beyond the reach of my foresight. We have errors to correct; we have probably had too good an opinion of human nature in forming our Confederation. Experience has taught us that men will not adopt, and carry into execution, measures the best calculated for their own good, without the intervention of coercive power. I do not conceive we can exist long as a nation without lodging, somewhere, a power which will pervade the whole Union in as energetic a manner as the authority of the state