4D WORKFLOW WITHIN TOTAL GROUP - Página inicial · 2017. 5. 10. · Henri HOULLEVIGUE, Christian HUBANS . ... ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group »

© Marc Roussel / Total

4D WORKFLOW WITHIN TOTAL GROUP Henri HOULLEVIGUE, Christian HUBANS

OUTLINES

2

● 4D seismic introduction

● TOTAL workflows - 4D Feasibility studies

- 4D workflow

● Conclusions

● Questions

ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. Houllevigue

4D SEISMIC INTRODUCTION

3

4

THE “AFRICAN SUNSET” “4D” EXPERIMENT

Image at time 1 : Base

Image at time 2 : Monitor

ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL grou » H. Houllevigue

THE “AFRICAN SUNSET” “4D” EXPERIMENT

• « 4D » is a term defining successive 1D (VSP), 2D or 3D seismic experiments

• The quality of a 4D result is limited to the quality of the baseline survey (since the

monitor survey is often of better quality)

• 4D is based on a physical measure depicting complex processes, physical measure

having its own limits…

Difference Difference Without Noise

4D image difference


4D WORKFLOWS WITHIN TOTAL

6

4D warping & inversion

4D integration

into geomodels

4D interpretation

4D History Match

STATISTICAL CUMULATIVE PRODUCTION PROFILES

0

100

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2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022

TIME (YEARS)

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MIN

q10

q20

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q60

q70

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q90

MAX

4D acquisition & processing

• 4D Rock Physic Model: to compute density and

velocity variations according to a description a rock,

fluids and production phenomena.

• 4D signal feasibility: to compute 4D signal (dV/V,

time shifts, amplitude changes) related to production

phenomena.

•4D acquisition feasibility: to assess the best design

for the best 4D repeatability.

4D feasibility

4D TOTAL WORKFLOW



4D SEISMIC FEASIBILITY

Fullwave modelling A priori seismic acquisition

design

Regular « elastic »

grid

(VP, VS, ρB)

Building a realistic

overburden

Seismic

modelling (2D

fullwave)

Synthetic seismic

pre-processing Petroelastic behaviour analysis

Delta IP

Delt

a IS

-100 100

-100

100

0

0

ΔIp vs ΔIs T12-T0

Rock Physics Model :

(VP, VS, ρ)=f(petrophy)

Petroelastics

4D signal

analysis &

noise

integration

Am

p 4

D Amp Base

« Elastic » grid (VP, VS, ρ)

Reservoir grid (Φe, NTG, Swe,

Soil, Sgas, pressure)

Multi 1D

convolutional

modelling

4D Attributes

Analysis (Envelope 4D,

Time shift, NRMS)

Main workflow

Baseline seismic

Convolu

tional Monitor seismic

Fu

llwave

Baseline seismic

Monitor seismic

4D feasibility

M4S1 DYNAMIC ROCK PHYSICS MODEL

600

DEPTHMETRES

PHIE_1V/V1 0

VCL_1V/V0 1

J_PHISWE_1G/C31 0

O_VP_1KM/S2.4 2.7

F_VP_1M/S2.4 2.7

J_VP_4M/S2.4 2.7

600

DEPTHMETRES

Core measures

In situ time lapse

velocity measures

Impact of DP on

velocities

Thermo dynamics

Gassman’s theory

Impact of DSw on

velocities

Static RPM

Dynamic RPM

field & seismic monitoring



Example of 4D seismic feasibility in carbonates

Oil saturation, 2002

Seismic FW modelling, 2002, Fullstack

Δ Oil saturation, 2007-2002

Seismic difference after warping, 2007-2002, Fullstack

Tim

e

Zoom on the water outbreak on carbonate reservoir

-500

500

-10000

10000

0%

100%

0%

-70%

SOUTH NORTH

4D feasibility

4D feasibility 4D

acquisition & processing


4D interpretation

4D integration

into geomodels

4D History Match


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2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022

TIME (YEARS)

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MIN

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MAX

• 4D inversions algorithms deliver 4D attributes useful

for volumetric interpretation and their integration in

geomodel.

• 4D Warping: 4D inversion of base and monitors with

no a priori model which delivers 4D DV/V, time shift

and warped monitor (short process: 1 month).

• 4D impedance inversion: 4D inversion of base and

monitor with an a priori model which delivers dIp/Ip

and dIs/Is (long process: 6 months).

4D TOTAL WORKFLOW


STACKED RESERVOIR EFFECT

B99 M08 4D Difference


4D PSEUDO-IMPEDANCES AFTER CROSSCORR WARPING

GR+Completion logs

Producer well


4D DVP/VP FROM TOTAL’S WARPING : L.F. CONTENT !

GR+Completion logs

Producer well

TimeShift AND reflectivity simultaneous inversion !



4D feasibility 4D



4D interpretation

4D integration

into geomodels

4D History Match


0

100

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2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022

TIME (YEARS)

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MIN

q10

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MAX

• 4D interpretation

• Choice of best attributes to use for 4D

interpretation (time shift, 4D dV/V, amplitude

differences).

• Perform 4D composite maps containing all 2G&R

information: 4D, AE maps, wells info, etc.

• Several methodologies of interpretation exist:

picking of seismic horizons, 4D boundaries and 4D

geobodies (3D envelope of 4D attribute changes).

4D TOTAL WORKFLOW


4D INTERNAL & INTEGRATED SOFTWARE TOOL SISMAGE

4D QC & Post processing of

4D seismic cubes

4D warping (time realignement of monitor seismic

cubes and dV inversion)

4D interpretation using 2G&R information

4D comparison with geology and reservoir

grids (qualitative comparison)

4D calibration using PEM and seismic

modelling (4D quantitative)

4D anomalies upscaling inside reservoir grids

SISMAGE 4D tool box

4D QC

4D inversion

4D interpretation in

volumetry & multi-cube

4D calibration

4D seismic modelling

from wells & reservoir

grids

4D petroelastical

modelling

4D upscaling inside

reservoir model


Seismic attributes must be tested:

> dV/V attribute issued from warping

> Monitor – base seismic amplitude

> Monitor – base envelopes

> Time shift attribute

> dIp/Ip (Ip monitor – Ip base)

No magic attribute ! But different ways to detect production phenomena.

Related to Seismic quality...S/N...etc

DIFFERENT ATTRIBUTES FOR 4D

INTERPRETATION

Difference of amplitude envelopes Difference of pseudo impedances

dV/V dIp/Ip

Amplitude difference Time shift in ms


Geological data: GR, Facies, Resistivity, Neutron/Density

Geophysical data: sonic and synthetic data, base amplitude trace, monitor amplitude trace, RMS amplitude difference, dV/V attribute, dIp/Ip

Reservoir data: Delta Sw, delta Sg, Delta P coming from Eclipse reservoir simulation.

4D WELL CALIBRATION 3G calibration template for 4D and reservoir consistency

Geology Seismic Reservoir Model


4D COMPOSITE MAPS

Creation of composite maps with all useful interpretation than can be shared by 3G people

AE Legend :

P28

P15

P06

P25

W19

W26

+10%

DV/V >0

DV/V


4D INTERPRETATION TROUGH GEOBODIES TECHNIQUE

4D geobodies propagators were developped in SISMAGE

Water injector Water injector

Water injector 4D

geobody seismic scale

Water injector 4D

geobody geomodel scale


4D & 3D INTERPRETATION: WATER INJECTION EFFICIENCY

P15

P06 W19

P28

P25

W26

P15

P06 W19

P15

P06 W19

Seismic bandwidth P impedance

dVp/Vp attribute

north south

geobodies

Geobodies are picked on dV/V cube then

checked onXsection

checked on seismic facies

used to interpret water path…


4D feasibility 4D



4D interpretation

4D integration

into geomodels

4D History Match


0

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2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022

TIME (YEARS)

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MIN

q10

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MAX

1- 4D integration for static model update

- Use of 4D for sedimentological model update: facies

maps are compared to 4D extensions and help to

update facies limits.

- Use of 4D as facies modelling guide and for

petrophysical infilling quality control.

2- 4D integration for dynamic model update

- Geological heterogeneities characterization

- Dynamic Aquifer behaviour.

- 4D injected/produced volumes computation.

4D Total workflow


EXAMPLE OF SEDIMENTOLOGICAL MODEL

UPDATE

Initial facies map

P131

WI113

4D DV/V

WI113

P131

Undershoot area – DV/V very noisy

Lobe Sandy

Channel axis

Lobe fringe

P131

Wi113

Revised facies map following 4D info

4D feasibility 4D



4D interpretation

4D integration

into geomodels

4D History Match


0

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700

800

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2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022

TIME (YEARS)

RE

CO

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RV

ES

.

MIN

q10

q20

q30

q40

q50

q60

q70

q80

q90

MAX

1- 4D seismic integration for ‘dynamic synthesis’

4D geobodies compute the injection split per complex

for co-mingled injectors

integration with well monitoring data

2- 4D seismic derived indicators for History Matching

From 4D ‘water injection’, ‘gas ex-solution’ and ‘WOC rise’

geobodies can be input to the simulation models to

compute ‘4D seismic vs. simulation’ mismatch indicators.

4D Total workflow


B2 spill

C2BL

A3 res

A0 res

4D DVp/Vp

Screens

C1

-8%

+8%

W26

4D AS A SEISMIC PLT

4D shows than there is no injection in A3+A0

reservoirs which have 40% of net sand

36%

27%

27%

10%

C1

B2 spill

A3 res

A0 res

C2BL

Start of injection : Nov. 07

PLT performed in Feb. 09

PLT data shows water injected at one instantaneous moment

4D shows water injected over a longer period (in qualitative way)

Both measurements should not be in disagreement, 4D can shows wells or reservoir evolution through time

In wells without PLT information, 4D should help understanding water injectivity.


CONCLUSIONS

26

● 4D seismic is now a proved and valuable technique.

● TOTAL considers 4Dseismic mandatory in new field development.

● TOTAL has a large and wide experience in 4D seismic : - Acquisition & Processing team with various experiences looking for cost

adapted solution and target adapted solution.

- Various TOTAL’s Interpretation workflows :

• from fast track route to detailed quantitative interpretation and History Match

- 4D Feasibility studies and 4D pilot.

● TOTAL specific in-house tools. (Processing,Warping, well tie, H.M...)

● TOTAL is organized for true transverse interpretation through Transverse team and common workstation.

● 4D seismic is THE TOOL to detect unexpected phenomena on a field - But this request large collaboration 2G&R, + petrophysicist, geomechanics,

PVT...etc..


DISCLAIMER and COPYRIGHT RESERVATION

The TOTAL GROUP is defined as TOTAL S.A. and its affiliates and shall include the

person and the entity making the presentation.

Disclaimer

This presentation may include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the

Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 with respect to the financial condition,

results of operations, business, strategy and plans of TOTAL GROUP that are subject

to risk factors and uncertainties caused by changes in, without limitation, technological

development and innovation, supply sources, legal framework, market conditions,

political or economic events.

TOTAL GROUP does not assume any obligation to update publicly any forward-

looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Further information on factors which could affect the company’s financial results is

provided in documents filed by TOTAL GROUP with the French Autorité des Marchés

Financiers and the US Securities and Exchange Commission.

Accordingly, no reliance may be placed on the accuracy or correctness of any such

statements.

Copyright

All rights are reserved and all material in this presentation may not be reproduced without the express written permission of the TOTAL GROUP.

Documents

4D WORKFLOW WITHIN TOTAL GROUP - Página inicial · 2017. 5. 10. · Henri HOULLEVIGUE, Christian HUBANS . ... ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group »