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OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER

(OCD)

Tammy ndersonJohnTosseyMary Young

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WHAT IS OCD

OCD is characterized by intrusive andsenseless thoughts and impulses that together

are defined as obsessions, as well as repetitive

and intentional behaviors, referred to as

compulsions.

OCD once was thought to be primarily

psychological in origin, but now there is growing

evidence that there is a genetic basis behindOCD, which will help us better understand the

condition.

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OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)

OCD is a potentially disabling type of anxiety

disorder. It effects 1 in 50 adults.

People with OCD are plagued with recurring

and distressing thoughts, fears, images or

obsessions they can not control.

The anxiety produced by these thoughts

leads to an urgent need to perform certain

rituals or routines.

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Most people who have OCD are aware that

their obsessions and compulsions are

irrational, yet they feel powerless to stop

them.

Obsessions and rituals can substantially

interfere with a person's normal routine,

schoolwork, job, family, or social activities.Several hours every day may be spent

focusing on obsessive thoughts and

performing seemingly senseless rituals.

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LIVING LIFE WITH OCD

In this clip you will see two teenage girls with

OCD. You will see what their obsessions or

compulsions are, as well as how they affectthem and the people around them.

Please click on the link below, when finished click the red X and you will

return to the power point.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53uCDjLkiDQ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53uCDjLkiDQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53uCDjLkiDQ

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LIVING LIFE WITH OCD

This is a real brain scan of a patientwith OCD.

Brain scans have shown that theorbital cortex in patients with OCDis overactive which can cause a

"worry circuit" that includes thecaudate nucleus which is part ofthe basal ganglia that allows thebrain to "switch" from one thoughtto another.

The cingulate gyrus which causesthe physical and emotionalresponses to great anxiety andhigh emotion, and the thalamuswhich receives and processsensory inputs from the body.

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OCD TREATMENTS

The more common therapy for treating OCD is to learn what

triggers symptoms and to then learn how to confront the

triggers. Once that step is achieved, the patient must then

learn to tolerate triggers so he or she can be weaned from

the distressing behaviors produced by the disorder.(Cognitive-BehavioralTherapy (CBT)

Anti-depressants treat many forms of mental illnesses, like

obsessive compulsive disorder. Many patients on anti-

depressants say the medicine makes them feel normal.

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OCD MEDICATIONS

Fluvoxamine Maleate (Prozac) Once-daily antidepressant, extended-release

formulation.

D-cycloserine

It's not usually prescribed for mental health, butrather as an antibiotic to treat a very differentcondition - tuberculosis. But it has a handy side-effect - it opens up the learning centers of theemotional brain.

Sertraline (Zoloft) Widely prescribed to help treat OCD.

Clomipramine (Anafranil)Antidepressant used to treat people who suffer from

obsessions and compulsions.

http://counsellingresource.com/distress/anxiety-disorders/obsessive-compulsive.htmlhttp://counsellingresource.com/distress/anxiety-disorders/obsessive-compulsive.html

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OCD AND CHILDREN

About half of adults with an anxietydisorder had symptoms of some type ofpsychiatric illness by age 15. Adults withobsessive-compulsive disorders tended tohave had delusional beliefs andhallucinations as children.

Children can suffer from OCD. Unlikeadults, however, children with OCD do notrealize that their obsessions andcompulsions are excessive.

Children and teens have anxiety in theirlives, just as adults do, and they can suffer

from anxiety disorders in much the sameway. Stressful life events, such as startingschool, moving, or the loss of a parent, cantrigger the onset of an anxiety disorder.

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WHATS WRONG WITH ME?

Research has shown that if left untreated, childrenwith anxiety disorders are at higher risk to performpoorly in school, to have less developed social skillsand to be more vulnerable to substance abuse.

A childs self-esteem can be negatively affectedbecause the OCD has led to embarrassment or hasmade the child feel bizarre or out of control.

Obsessions and compulsions related to food are

common, and these can lead to irregular or quirkyeating habits.

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COMMON OBSESSIONS

Fear of dirt or germs

Fear of making a mistake

Fear of thinking evil or sinfulthoughts

Need for order, symmetry orexactness

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COMMON COMPULSIONS

Refusing to touchobjects or shakehands.

Repeated hand

washing or showering. Constant counting,

mentally or aloud,while performingroutine tasks.

Constantly arrangingthings in a certain way.

Repeating specificwords, phrases or

prayers.

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REFERENCES

1. What is O.C.D.? By Stephen Phillipson, Ph.D.www.ocdonline.com/defineocd.php

2. Mental Health: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/obessive-

compulsive-disorder3. About OCD. www.ocfoundation.org/what-is-

ocd.html

4. Obsessive-compulsive disorder.

www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive-compulsive_disorder

5. OCD in children. http://www.ocfoundation.org/ocd-in-children.html

http://www.ocdonline.com/defineocd.phphttp://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/obessive-compulsive-disorderhttp://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/obessive-compulsive-disorderhttp://www.ocfoundation.org/what-is-ocd.htmlhttp://www.ocfoundation.org/what-is-ocd.htmlhttp://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive-compulsive_disorderhttp://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive-compulsive_disorderhttp://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive-compulsive_disorderhttp://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive-compulsive_disorderhttp://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive-compulsive_disorderhttp://www.ocfoundation.org/what-is-ocd.htmlhttp://www.ocfoundation.org/what-is-ocd.htmlhttp://www.ocfoundation.org/what-is-ocd.htmlhttp://www.ocfoundation.org/what-is-ocd.htmlhttp://www.ocfoundation.org/what-is-ocd.htmlhttp://www.ocfoundation.org/what-is-ocd.htmlhttp://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/obessive-compulsive-disorderhttp://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/obessive-compulsive-disorderhttp://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/obessive-compulsive-disorderhttp://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/obessive-compulsive-disorderhttp://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/obessive-compulsive-disorderhttp://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/obessive-compulsive-disorderhttp://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/obessive-compulsive-disorderhttp://www.ocdonline.com/defineocd.php

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References

6. Half of Adults With Anxiety Disorders Had PsychiatricDiagnoses in Youth.http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtml

7. Depression: Medications Effect On Your Body.http://www.wkrg.com/news/article/depression_part_3/10090

8. The "I" and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro99/web2/

Zaldivar.html9. Images of Human Behavior: A Brain SPECT Atlas.

http://www.amenclinics.com/bp/atlas/ch13.php

http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtmlhttp://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtmlhttp://www.wkrg.com/news/article/depression_part_3/10090http://www.wkrg.com/news/article/depression_part_3/10090http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro99/web2/Zaldivar.htmlhttp://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro99/web2/Zaldivar.htmlhttp://www.amenclinics.com/bp/atlas/ch13.phphttp://www.amenclinics.com/bp/atlas/ch13.phphttp://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro99/web2/Zaldivar.htmlhttp://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro99/web2/Zaldivar.htmlhttp://www.wkrg.com/news/article/depression_part_3/10090http://www.wkrg.com/news/article/depression_part_3/10090http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtmlhttp://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtmlhttp://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtmlhttp://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtmlhttp://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtmlhttp://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtmlhttp://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtmlhttp://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtml

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REFERENCES

10. http://www.virtualneurocentre.com/news.asp

?artid=8286

11. http://www.numh.gov/health/topics/obsessiv

e-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index

12. http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.ph

p?type=doc&id=10921&cn=8

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