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KIMIA MINERAL

KBI ANORGANIK

Departemen Kimia

F-MIPA-UI

Klasifikasi Mineral

Carbonate Nitrate etc 1RSL

Carbonate, Nitrate, Borate, Sulphate,Chromate, Tungstate, Molybdate, Phosphate,

Arsenate, dan Vanadate

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RSL Carbonate Nitrate etc 2

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Carbonate, Nitrate, Borate, Sulphate,Chromate, Tungstate, Molybdate,Phosphate, Arsenate, dan Vanadate

• Carbonate , nitrate, borate, sulfate, chromate, tungstate,molybdate, phosphate, arsenate, dan vanadate, jumlahnya1508 spesi, tetapi merupakan mineral yang tidak umum.

• Kelompok lima 5! besar adalah"

• #hosphate $%8 spesi!• &ulphate %01 spesi!• 'rsenate (5) spesi!

• Carbonate (%$ spesi!• *orate 1%5 spesi!

• *erbagai mineral ini dijelaskan sebagai mineral industrikarena langsung diaplikasikan karena memiliki sifat +sik dankomposisi kimia yang khan dan spesi+k

RSL Carbonate Nitrate etc 3

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• Group al!ite

• Calcite CaCO3

• Magnesite MgCO3

• Siderite FeCO3

• Rhodochrosite MnCO3

• Smithsonite ZnCO3

Carbonate Nitrate etc 4RSL

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Strutur Calcite

• • S!ace "rou! R #3c 

• • Radius $ation%i&alent ' 1())*

Carbonate Nitrate etc +RSL

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• Group Ara"onite

•  ,ragonite CaCO3• Strontianite CaCO3•

-itherite .aCO3• Cerussite /bCO3

Carbonate Nitrate etc 0RSL

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Strutur ,ragonite

• S!ace "rou! Pbnm

• • Radius $ation 1())*

Carbonate Nitrate etc RSL

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• Group Dolomite

• %olomite CaMgCO32•

 ,nerite CaFeCO32

Carbonate Nitrate etc RSL

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• ar#onate $%Nitrate& lainn'a

• Malachite 5i6auCu

2O5

2CO

3• ,7urite .iru Cu3O52CO32

• Cu18 atau Cu 289

• Niter $NO3

• Soda Niter NaNO3

Carbonate Nitrate etc :RSL

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• (ulfate

• ";!sum CaSO4•252O

•  ,nh;drite CaSO4

• Celestine SrSO4

• .arite .aSO4

•  ,nglesite /bSO4

•  ,lunite $,l3O5

0SO

4

2

Carbonate Nitrate etc 1)RSL

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• Kelas (ulfat a)ala* <• mineral ;ang mengandung gugus anion SO4 = berombinasi

dengan alali tanah dan ation logam lainn;a(• >ermasu elas ini adalah Sul?it@ Chromat@ Mol;bdat@ Selenat@

Selenit@ >ellurat@ >ellurit dan >ungstat atau -ol?ramat(• Sul?at adalah elas mineral dan termasu contoh mineral ;ang

menari untu di!ela6ari(• $elom!o utama adalah hidrous dan anhidrous sul?at

• .arite .aSO4 @ anh;drous sul?ate• ";!sum CaSO4 A 252O hidrous sul?ate

•

-alau!un ban;a mineral dielas ini@ teta!i han;a barite@g;!sum@ dan anh;drite ;ang umum(• .asis unit imia anion om!les ,O4 dengan muatan #2(

• Sul?it @ selenit@dan tellurit mem!un;ai unit dasar ,O3

Carbonate Nitrate etc 11

$elas Sul?at

RSL

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• Si?at has mineral elas sul?at adalah <• Se!erti aca &itreous@• densitasn;a dari rata#rata hingga diatas rata rata(• $eerasan rata rata dan aBaln;a terbentu diurat 7ona

osidasi@daerah onta metamor!hic dan di de!osit e&a!orit(•

.ebera!a $elas mineral larut dalam air@ dan bersi?at fluores!ent+• Si?at lainn;a sangat ber&ariasi(

Carbonate Nitrate etc 12

$elas Sul?at

.arite

Image Courtesy of the USS

";!sum

Image Courtesy of the USSRSL

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Carbonate Nitrate etc 13

$elas Sul?at• onto*,

• (u#"roup Alunite ,• Alunite(Potassium Aluminum Sulfate Hydroxide) • Ammonioalunite(Ammonium Aluminum Sulfate Hydroxide) • uan"ite(Calcium Aluminum Sulfate Oxide Hydroxide) • Minamiite(Sodium Calcium Potassium Aluminum Sulfate

Hydroxide) • An*')rite(Calcium Sulfate) • Ap*t*italite(Potassium Sodium Sulfate) • Ar"ento.arosite(Silver Iron Sulfate Hydroxide) • Barite Group, 

• An"lesite(Lead Sulfate) • Barite(Barium Sulfate) • elestite(Strontium Sulfate) 

• as*emite (Barium Cr omate Sulfate)

RSL

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• G'psum An*')rite

• CaSO4•252O

• 5ardness 2•

&a!orite Mineral• Mengandung moleul

air 

• An*')rite

• CaSO4

• 5ardness 3#3(+

• Mineral&a!orite

• >idamengandung

moleul air 

Carbonate Nitrate etc 14RSL

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• elestine

• SrSO4

•

5;drothermal

• Barite

• .aSO4

•

5;drothermal

Carbonate Nitrate etc 1+

• An"lesite

• /bSO4

• OD5;drothermal

RSL

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• Kelas Fosfat, Fosfat/ Arsenat/ 0ana)at )an Antimonat(•

%ibentu dari basis unit imia gugus tetrahedral ,O4 grou!sdengan muatan #3(•  ,tom /usat , da!at beru!a /@ ,s@ E atau Sb ,ntimon(• .asis unit imia da!at berombinasi dengan ion Logam dengan

!erbandingan 1<1 atau •

biasan;a ombinasi lebih om!les dengan ion lain se!erti gugushidrosida O5@ uran;l O2@ halogen atau moleul air(

• >;!ical ?os?at bersi?at se!erti aca &itreous hingga buram@ sering aliberBarna@ densit; diatas rata rata dan eerarasan 4 #@ serta indesre?rasi ;ang rendah@ ecuali bila mengandung ion /b( Si?at lainn;a

ber&ariasi(•  • .an;a contoh mineral ;ang menari dan indah berasal dari mineral

?os?at @ terutama dari Apatite Group 

Carbonate Nitrate etc 10

$elas Fos?at

RSL

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onto*,

•

Am#l'"onite (Litium Sodium Aluminum Pos!ate "luoride Hydroxide) • An)re1site (Co!!er Iron Pos!ate Hydroxide) • Anapaite (Hydrated Calcium Iron Pos!ate) • 2*e Apatite Group, 

• Apatite (Calcium Pos!ate Cloride Hydroxide "luoride) 

• 2ermasuk,• *lorapatite (Calcium Pos!ate Cloride) • Fluorapatite (Calcium Pos!ate "luoride) • ')ro3'lapatite (Calcium Pos!ate Hydroxide) 

• e)'p*ane(Calcium Lead Arsenate Cloride) • Mimetite (Lead Arsenate Cloride) • P'romorp*ite (Lead Pos!ate Cloride) 

• 0ana)inite (Lead #anadate Cloride) • Autunite (Hydrated Calcium $ranyl Pos!ate) • o!oninoite (Hydrated Iron Aluminum $ranyl Pos!ate Sulfate Hydroxide) • Dumontite (Hydrated Lead $ranyl Pos!ate Hydroxide) 

Carbonate Nitrate etc 1

$elas Fos?at

RSL

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• Apatite

• Ca+/O43O5@F@Cl

• 5;droD;# Fluor#@ dan Chlor# a!atites• $om!onen utama gigi dan tulang• Mineral tambahan ;ang umum

dalam igneous dan metamor!hicroc(

• Se6umlah sedimentar; !hos!hates!asir !hos!hate(

Carbonate Nitrate etc 1RSL

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• P*osp*ates/ 2un"states/ 0ana)ates

• /hos!hates berbasis !ada tetrahedron /+8O4(

• Salah satu ;ang sangat !enting adalah a!atite(• Ca+/O43O5@F@Cl• >ungstates dan Eanadates berbasis !ada

tetrahedra -08O4 dan E+8O4(

•

>erda!at se6umlah isostrutur dengana!atite dan elom!o didalamn;a@ teta!i• biasan;a diangga! sebagai osida(

Carbonate Nitrate etc 1:RSL

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RSL Carbonate Nitrate etc 2)