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4/5/2005 FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt 1
Argon
• Refrigeration
• Supply
• Purity
4/5/2005 FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt 2
Argon Refrigeration
•Heat load summary
•LN circulation
•LN supply
4/5/2005 FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt 3
Heat Load Summary
• Tank heat load 0.05%/day 47kW• Flash during filling, assuming
5 psig supply 6kW• Vapor displaced during filling1.5 kW
• Total with 1.25 factor 68 kW
4/5/2005 FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt 4
LN Supply Perspective
• Flare Usage 34 tons/day
• Fermilab usage 45 to 78 tons/day
• CHL liquefier 100 ton/day
• 12 trucks or 5 railcars per week
• LN cost at Fermilab $62/ton
• 2002 budget price for 100 ton/day liquefier $2.9 million
4/5/2005 FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt 5
Nitrogen Circulation
Argon condensers inside tank
Nitrogen storage
•Condensers inside tank to minimize argon handling•Redundant pumps, heat exchangers, etc.•Nothing extraordinary•Needs further development to improve cost estimate•Present estimate $460k
4/5/2005 FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt 6
LN Supply Tasks
• Five liquefier vendors contacted recently• Failures
– Power failures– Mechanical breakdowns– LN leak inside detector tank– Supply interruptions
• Detector Tank loses 25 tons argon/day without cooling
• Zero backflow vent system needed
4/5/2005 FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt 7
Argon Supply
• Praxiar quotation in January 2004
• $37 million, truck delivery, ~1ppm
• RR cars would be less expensive
• Oxygen concentration is negotiable, 1ppm is proven without extraordinary effort
• Could use multiple suppliers
4/5/2005 FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt 8
Argon Receiving
• Procedure proven at Dzero, NWA and E706– Connect to truck– Test carefully, accept or reject– Testing includes oxygen concentration,
electron lifetime, possibly other tests
• Pump through purifier into intermediate tank
• Test and pump into detector tank
4/5/2005 FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt 9
Receiving Further Development
• Failure scenarios– Adding contaminated delivery to main tank– Spill during connection
• Further development– Piping Schematic– Instrumentation requirements– Estimated time to connect and test
4/5/2005 FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt 10
Sources of impurity
• Argon Supply
• Surfaces– Tank shell– Cable insulation– Other material
• Leaks and permeation– Mechanical seals
• Dead volumes
4/5/2005 FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt 11
Argon Purifiers
• Purifying equipment would probably run for the life of the project as well as during filling
• ICARUS used Messer Oxisorb, proprietary regeneration
• Air Liquide offers a packaged liquid purifier, $400k. Regeneration would consume $800k of argon during filling. Possibly can recover most of it.
• Praxair offers gas purifier for $600k• Earnhart(Trigon) offers regenerable adsorbent• All of these should be evaluated further
4/5/2005 FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt 12
High Purity Specifications • Rough tank purging
– High capacity intermediate system?– Further purging?– High purity system with high regeneration?
• Specification for leak testing• Specification for tank surfaces, tank cleaning,
procedures during detector construction, cable insulation
• Specification for all argon handling equipment and piping
• Further development needed
4/5/2005 FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt 13
Purification Testing
• Testing is needed to prove high purity can be achieved without evacuation and with reasonable fabrication requirements
• Outgassing in vacuum has been studied, but how is the rate affected by an Argon atmosphere or temperature?
• Testing can be done on a reasonable scale
4/5/2005 FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt 14
Effort estimates
• Purity issues, a man-year of process engineering, plus technician and drafting support
• M&S budget to avoid re-inventing parts that are commercially available, $100k
• Refrigeration and Supply, two man-months of engineering to improve cost estimate