450 Urban Projects

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PREFACE450 urban projects is a descripon of Nordic cies transformaon from industrial commu-

nies to post-industrial urban communies. This publicaon contains a unique record of 450

pioneering urban projects and other iniaves in 18 Nordic cies. All of the cies in the Nordic

City Network have selected 25 urban projects and other iniaves that are in the process of

changing and renewing the cies. The report is a collecon of material that gives you an over-

all impression of the transformaon in progress in Nordic cies and allows you to learn more

about all of the 450 urban projects. The informaon was gathered in 2013 and we thank all of

our members for their unique contribuon to the project.

The 450 urban projects and their importance are currently (in 2014) being analysed. This ana-

lysis will be presented in a discussion paper in English at the internaonal urban conference in

Malm in October 2014. The analysis will assess 1) how the many pioneering urban projects

are contribung to the transformaon of Nordic cies, 2) how they reect the Nordic socialmodel and 3) the extent to which they can be said to contribute to developing the Nordic wel-

fare states. The report contains two main secons. First there are a number of summaries and

then a review of the 25 urban projects in 18 cies.

Happy reading!

Christer Larsson Per Riisom Hannah Wadman Gran Rosberg

CONTENTSNew Nordic urban development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

450 pioneering urban projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Aalborg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Aarhus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Eskilstuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Fredericia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Kristiansand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Lillestrm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Linkping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Lund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Norrkping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Stavanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Troms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Trondheim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Ume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Uppsala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Vaasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Snderborg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Malm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Odense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

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NEWNORDICURBANDEVELOPMENT

Nordic societies and Nordic cities are in a period o greatchange. Since 1950, the Nordic countries have built strongwelare states based on the idea that society as a whole and itsindividuals should be given the best opportunities to developconstantly increasing prosperity. Over the years, these socialmodels have been the object o keen attention in countriesoutside the Nordic region, as shown most recently in a specialsection o the Economist (source: ..).

In the past 5-10 years, a debate has begun, within the Nordicregion, on the welare state o the uture, including the parti-cular strengths that the Nordic region will live rom in the u-ture (source: Norden som vinderegion (The Nordic region as awinning region, 2005). A number o values are emphasised asbeing particularly widespread in the Nordic region. Accordingto a report published by the Nordic Council and Monday Mor-

ning, the ollowing are shared Nordic values:

equality

trust

low power distance

inclusion

flexibility

respect for nature

Protestant work ethic

aesthetics

WHY ARE NORDIC VALUES IMPORTANT?

Understanding Nordic values is not about the Nordic regionbecoming sel-contained. It is about understanding the par-ticular strengths o the Nordic region and their essential rolein how the region interacts and competes with the rest o theworld. The Innovation Council (Innovationsrdet) in Denmarkhas summarised the competitive conditions o the uture in acompetitiveness pyramid.

From the Nordic region as a winning region report:The model expresses the fact that the traditional macroecono-

mic conditions are now just the basic preconditions for a coun-

trys or a regions competitiveness and no longer function as pri-

mary sources of growth. However, the microeconomic conditions

are currently becoming harmonised as countries learn from each

other and copy the best solutions. Consequently, it is not possible

to stand out properly at this level and make use of competitive

advantages.

The focus will shift in the future to culture-specific conditions and

skills that are based on values, relations and customs and have

their roots in the institutions that represent the specific culture of

a region. The strategic point is that if, as a nation or a region, youare unable to identify your unique core skills, global competition

will take place on other peoples terms. However, if you are able to

stand out on the basis of precisely those cultural strengths deve-

loped over generations, you will be in a strong position.

The question is the extent to which and the way in which theNordic eatures, including the special Nordic social model, areexpressed in the way in which the Nordic cities have develo-ped and continue to develop.

A ew issues are outlined below that may help start such a de-bate. Possible Nordic eatures o urban development are indi-cated and questions are asked about whether cities actuallyperceive the above values as being important to their deve-lopment.

BYLOUISEVOGELKIELGAST

Central issues:

MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

In very general terms, Nordic cities are in the same situation asmany other cities worldwide. From having built up industri-al production as their economic basis, new orms o produc-tion and service unctions have won out and this change haslet its mark on the cities. To meet the requirements associ-ated with post-industrial production, many cities have hadto find new uses or old industrial areas and buildings. Thesehave areas have traditionally been seen as the less attractiveside o the cities and many cities have aced the challenge oreversing this image because the areas represent significantpotential. Several Nordic cities seem preoccupied with how tomanage the historical heritage the areas represent. How is itpossible to create trust in relation to such a change process?And how can you ensure that transormation projects do not

create greater inequality between those that belong to thepast and those that belong to the uture? In some cities, thechange process results in a choice to hold onto the past bypreserving old industrial buildings, while other cities ocus ona process o inclusion with acknowledgement o the past asthe primary aim.

PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT &

COMMUNITIES IN THE CITIES

The idea o community in the Nordic region has been close-ly linked to some o the public institutions built up as part othe development o the welare state. Municipal sports acili-ties, libraries, schools, etc. These institutions have traditional-ly been seen as a public good that is or all residents o thecity, and they are still crucial building blocks , but their roleis evolving. Institutions such as the town hall and the libraryhave, or many years, been hidden inside closed buildings, butthat is changing. Libraries, in pa rticular, are undergoing a ra-pid development which involves an attempt to open them upand make the library an integral part o the city. Open readingrooms and cas on the ground floor are examples o this. Inother words, attempts are being made to break down theirslightly ormal, institutional nature. The ocus is on engagingrather than teaching.

Another example is when municipal administrations moveto other locations in the city so as to appear more open andmore integrated in the city, such as the Technical Administra-tion in Aarhus, which has moved to the socially vulnerable re-sidential area o Gellerup.

Yet another example are sports acilities and playgrounds,which are being opened outside traditional opening hours

and or people other than their obvious users. Fewer andewer people are choosing to be involved in organised sports,preerring more spontaneous leisure activities on a personalbasis. In continuation o this, the researcher Lars Hammershipoints out that communities are largely based on taste andpublic eeling as part o a sel-ormation process, i.e. commu-nities based on own initiative. It will be interesting to monitorthese developments and examine how cities can support neworms o community building.

The welare state in development can be seen in various areas:public institutions in development, the perception o what itmeans to be a citizen, the city as a product to the city as inno-vation space

EQUALITY IN CITIES?

One o the predominant Nordic values is equality. The con-cept o equality is currently being challenged, in particularin cities. Cities are becoming increasingly attractive places tolive, which is boosting competition and increasing prices. Inthe 1960s, cities were preoccupied with building large-scalepublic housing, in particular in Sweden. Now many cities aremore preoccupied with how they can create attractive resi-dential areas that meet contemporary requirements or morespace, outdoor areas, etc., including how they can attract newgroups such as amilies with children, who increasingly wantto settle in the city. This collection o projects demonstra-tes this as well. The challenge is how cities undergoing sucha transormation process can ensure equal access to homes?This has been pointed out by Jesper Nygrd on several occa-sions.

Another aspect o equality is social mobility. The Nordiccountries are some o the countries with the highest levelso social mobility but this does not include immigrants. Thequestion o immigrants position in society is high on the po-litical agenda in the Nordic countries but it is not particularlyobvious in the urban projects selected. What is the reason orthis? Is there more ocus on cities ability to unction as growthengines and less ocus on cities social cohesion? Several ana-lyses highlight social mobility as a significant reason or thesuccess o the Nordic region in global competition. The ques-tion is what role cities can play in relation to enhancing socialmobility or all groups in society and thus enhancing one othe competitive advantages o the Nordic region.

THE CITY AS ATTRACTION AND INNOVATION

SPACEPost-industrial development in cities has taken place in diffe-rent ways in recent years. In the 1990s we witnessed a boom inthe so-called experience economy. This ocused on the city asan attraction, a product that could be experienced and enjoy-ed. Many urban projects thus aimed to create a more attrac-tive city with new squares, street cas, harbour promenades,etc. In the Nordic context, this is a relatively new approach tothe city, with urban spaces increasingly being used or peopleto spend time and or other activities. In Southern Europe,urban spaces have traditionally unctioned as an importantmeeting place or people. In the Nordic region, however, thisculture is still in the development phase and many urban pro-jects are about how to enhance this culture.

In recent years, there has been an increasing ocus on the cityas an innovative ramework or uture growth. One important

aspect o this concerns cities relations with universities andother educational and research institutions. For example, howis it possible to develop new orms o campus area that bene-fit both the university and the city? Campus areas have tradi-tionally been separate units, but how is it possible to createnew synergies by breaking down some o these boundaries?What role do the universities play as a lever or urban develop-ment and growth? Unlike many cities in the world , the vastmajority o educational institutions in the Nordic region arepublic, and this may have an impact on how the Nordic regionaims to develop the concept o the knowledge city and inte-gration between the university and the city.

In addition to stronger relationships between city and univer-sity, many cities are working to create synergies between edu-cation, research and business/practical application. One app-roach is to use various colocation models, establishing sharedacilities or different types o institution. Examples o this in-

clude Katrinebjerg in Aarhus, Keller in Lillestrm and Trond-heim Helsecampus (health campus). Further analysis o howthese initiatives are being tackled and their specific impactwill make a significant contribution to understanding and de-veloping the Nordic urban communities o the uture.

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NEW PARTNERSHIPS AN EXPRESSION OF

LOW NORDIC POWER DISTANCE?

The Nordic region is oten highlighted or its low power dis-tance, which promotes involvement and responsibility orall, not just the leadership. The question is whether this lowpower distance is also made use o in urban development.Does it help shape our cities?

One interesting example is the Student Society in Trondheim,where a student organisation is actively consulted on and hel-ps develop the citys strategies, not just or the developmento the university but also on other issues concerning the citysdevelopment. Trondheim is one o Norways most importanteducation cities and, to preserve and develop this position ostrength, it makes good sense to involve the students in sucha ormal way.

In very general terms, urban development in the Nordic re-gion is characterised by new cooperation and partnershipmodels being tested and developed, also on a regional scale.Further analysis o the power distance in these partnershipmodels and their ability to create involvement and responsibi-lity would be extremely valuable.

RESIDENTS AS RECIPIENTS OR

CO-CREATORS

As a consequence o the wel are state, a citys residents in theNordic region have largely been regarded as clients and reci-pients o welare services and acilities. This is slowly changingand several cities are examining how residents can becomeco-creators to a greater extent. This means a undamentally

different role or the municipality, which needs to acilitateand enable initiatives instead o just giving. This report conta-ins several examples o this trend: more participation Eskil-stuna, citizenship in Aarhus, Tou Scene in Stavanger and Karo-linelund in Aalborg.

The question is how different types o resident can becomeco-creators. And how this change in the understanding ocitizenship will help develop not only Nordic cities but alsoNordic societies.

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450 PIONEERINGURBANPROJECTS- ANINITIALSUMMARY

BYPERRIISOM

POST-INDUSTRIAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN

NORDIC CITIES450 pioneering urban projects, initiatives and resources thatare changing our cities. All o these urban projects have beenselected by our cities as examples o projects that break newground in their cities in post-industrial social and urban deve-lopment.

THE BIG PICTURE

In the big picture, we are riding the ourth wave o urbanisa-tion, post-industrial urbanisation. The first was the ormationo cities in antiquity, the second the commercial centres o theMiddle Ages and the third industrial urban development.

Post-industrial urbanisation began properly in the 1990s, con-

tinues today with undiminished orce and will presumablycontinue or many years to come.

Everyone, or at least a large number o people, wants to live incities on account o the opportunities that exist there or theindividual, the community and society.

The 21st century is becoming the very era o urban living. In30-50 years, up to 90% o all people will live in cities. Or morecorrectly, in regional cities, metropolises.

Homo urbanus! Human beings emerged as a biological natu-ral being, but we are obviously destined to be a cultural urbanbeing.

URBANISATION AS A DRIVING FORCE

When many people choose to live in and move to cities, they

change these cities, the urban community and urban culture.

New urban communities, ways o lie and values emerge, andcity dwellers join orces on various tasks that they find impor-tant in urban lie and in their community. This is important tothe welare o the urban society, the community and the indi-vidual.

New urban enterprises are developed in the urban environ-ment, with the employees playing a new and essential role.New working cultures and styles leave their mark on businessdevelopment and the workplace. And on where businessesare located, their design and their interaction with the urbanenvironment.New methods or the development o cities and urban lieemerge as part o this new urbanisation. The roles o adminis-trators, planners and others change and more people are in-volved in urban development.

Peoples choice o the city as the place i n which they want tolive, work and be with others is a megatrend and a driving or-ce that will change our cities.It is leading to new ideas about urban quality and the urbanenvironment, new methods o urban development, new invol-vement processes, new partnerships and new values that areexpressed in the urban sp ace and urban culture, etc.

URBAN DEVELOPMENT RIGHT NOW IN

NORDIC CITIES

It is this urban transormation that this publication aims tocapture, describe, understand and, in the long term, supportand promote.

Consequently, i we take a look at the 450 examples o pione-ering urban projects rom the NCN cities, they have been se-lected as examples o initiatives that are part o this transor-mation, to which they contribute to a greater or lesser extent.

All o the 450 urban projects selected and described are thuspart o this post-industrial urban development and it is there-ore, in itsel, very interesting to examine and seek to under-stand these projects in more detail.

The publication provides a first overview o the many projects,initiatives and resources that are transorming our cities in thepost-industrial era. However, what interests us is not so muchthe projects themselves and their contents, orm and orga-nisation. What we are trying to understand is their impact onthe transormation process.

The projects selected are the most important projects in thistransormation process and they consist o projects that havebeen implemented and were in progress or a ew years, pro-jects that are currently being implemented and projects thathave been adopted and will be implemented in the near u-ture.

Our interest is in their impact. What was the purpose o theirestablishment? What impact are they expected to have? Orwhat impact have they already had?

We want an idea o the actual transormation o our cities inthis new era, and we are thereore also hoping to gauge theoverall impact o all 25 projects that our cities have chosen tohighlight.

I we take a closer look at the 450 projects, their contributionsto the transormation process can be divided into several ty-pes.

Mainstream.Roughly over 50-60% o the projects are main-stream, i.e. projects that are being implemented in most citiesand thereore do not represent anything particularly new. Onthe other hand, the mainstream projects are part o the widestream o transormation initiatives that all o our cities thinkare relevant and significant. Consequently, they are still inte-resting, despite not being particularly radical. Also i they canbe seen, in many ways, as the continuation o initiatives thathave been in progress or many years. They are not very inno-vative, but they contribute to new development to a greateror lesser extent.

Innovative.Up to 20-30% o the projects are actually pione-ering and innovative. They contribute to a significant extentto the reorientation, the experiments and attempts with newideas, orms o cooperation and processes that are the prere-quisite or new urban development and urban culture.

Radically innovative.Finally, there is a small percentage thatcan be described as radically innovative. These are examplesthat contribute in a completely new way to the developme-nt o cities, urban communities, business development, urbanculture and urban lie. They include new orms o resident in-volvement in which the interaction between residents andpublic authorities is renewed; new roles. Or the creation onew orms o urban workplace. New orms o urban structure,building orms and urban spaces.

Paradigm shit and Nordic social culture.The 450 urbanprojects contribute to different extents to the renewal o ur-ban society, but are the changes really so extensive that theycan be called a clear paradigm shit? And i so, what does aparadigm shit consist o? Are there secure indications o thisand are there deects and holes in this approach?

It is almost necessary to assume that urban developmentwithin Nordic societies reflects, in one way or another, thepractices, cultures and orms that characterise the social mo-del. But to what extent and in what way? It is also conceiva-ble that urban development today is highly characterised byinternational trends mixed with local, regional or Nordic ea-tures and elements. How does this work? The most importantaspect, o course, is whether the current urban developmentthat we are trying to illustrate in this publication is particular-ly nourished by the Nordic social model and is also based onor relates to the difficulties and changes the Nordic welaremodel is undergoing. And is there anything in this urban de-velopment that points to uture new solutions in the develop-ment o the Nordic welare model and social development ingeneral?

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AALBORGDEVELOPMENTOBJECTIVES

20 BRIEF EXAMPLES

With 203,000 inhabitants, Aalborg is the thirdlargest municipality in Denmark. It is an ove-rall objective to develop Aalborg as an urbanregion and thus enhance its unction as a lo-comotive or Northern Denmark in relation to

the green transition, growth and welare.

Aalborg has a unique location on Limfor-den and near the chalk hills. Over the past 20years, the city has largely been transormedrom an industrial city to a culture and know-ledge city. The ongoing conversion o the w a-terront, in particular, is creating new con-nections, linking recreation, education andculture with other urban unctions. Aalb orgscultural heritage exists as traces o manyeras, all o which contribute to making thecity what it is today, ranging rom its goldenage as a commercial and shipping city in theMiddle Ages to 100 years as a heavy industri-al city to the complex knowledge society otoday.

Aalborg University, with around 20,000 stu-dents, is growing ast and plays a leading rolein creating knowledge, innovation and jobsor highly educated people. The students usethe city and are thereore an important ele-ment in the creation o diverse urban lie. Oneobjective is to attract and retain students andresearchers with new homes or young pe-ople, an attractive urban environment andhigh-quality cultural lie, plus good publicservices. Enhancing relations between theuniversity and the city is an important ocusarea in the planning. With the establishmento CityCampus with several courses in the citycentre, unique opportunities have been cre-ated or synergies in both directions. A con-centrated band o growth rom the airport in

the west via the waterront, the city centre,a number o urban transormation areas andthe university to the port in the east is thedriving orce behind the development o Aal-borg. Mobility is the backbone o the growthaxis, and Aalborg is ocusing on a light railwayas the principal element.

Aalborg is making its mark in the service andknowledge sectors and more knowledge-in-tensive, specialist manuacturing sectors andhas a good, strong tradition o working to-gether and creating new products and servi-ces in networks. Globalisation is challengingbusinesses ability to develop and apply know-ledge, research, innovation and creativity. Theobjective is to establish more knowledge-in-

tensive jobs so that the citys positive develop-ment can continue. Culturally, the objectiveis to create an enhanced profile or Aalborgas the capital o Northern Jutland and an in-ternational knowledge and culture city. Thisrequires constant development o rich cultu-ral lie in the orm o both cultural beaconsand support or creative and culture entrepre-neurs.

In the work to enhance Aalborgs competitive-ness, it is also important to ocus on ensuringthe link between growth a nd welare. Thework on Aalborgs growth potential cannottake place in isolation. It must be incorpora-ted in an overall vision in which growth is notan objective in itsel, rather a means to createan attractive, sustainable city with well-unc-

tioning municipal services, a city in which pe-ople thrive.

Vestre Fjordpark

VkstakseSkalborg

Nordkraft

stre Havn

Eternitten

Kildeparken

Karolinelund

Godsbanearealet

Aalborg Universitet

Fremtidens plejehjem

Astrupstiforbindelse n

Ny Havnefront Aalborg

Nye Havnefronter Nrresundby

NytAalborg

Universitetshospital

Letbane

1 Physical Vision 2025Physical Vision 2025 contains Aalborg City Councilsnew objectives and visions or the City o Aalborg and

Aalborg Municipality up to 2025, with growth andwelare incorporated in new holistic urban policy. Tephysical vision is an expression o the paradigm shittowards clear objectives and strategies with greater o-cus on opportunities rather than restrictions.

2 Danmark 2050In 2014, Aalborg is participating in the Danmark

2050 project to create a national platorm or debateabout strategic choices and rejections. With the ocuson city types and urban regions, scenarios are beingdeveloped or how the vision o independence romossil uels by 2050 can be realised. Te Danish Archi-tecture Centre is developing and running the projector the Danish government. .

3 Sustainability flower as a dialogue toolTe sustainability flower is a tool or clariying objec-tives and means in planning, considering constructionprojects, public housing construction and renovationprojects. Te flower is the starting point or qualifieddialogue between the project parties on the basis obroad sustainability concepts. Te dialogue is used toestablish common understanding o what is importantand what is less important in a project.

4 Musikkens HusMusikkens Hus opens on 29 March 2014 on Aal-borgs waterront. It was designed by the internatio-nally recognised firm o architects Coop Himmelb(l)au. Te building has a floor area o more than 20,000square metres over nine floors with our concerthalls. Te ambition is or the collection o educatio-nal, research and cultural institutions to result in or-ward-looking, dynamic synergies and partnerships.

5 EternittenTe ambition is to transorm the ormer industrial siteEternitten into a modern knowledge village. A districtthat meets local needs (housing, work, services, shop-ping and leisure), but also has a global outlook. Expe-rimental architecture, cultural heritage and a stronggreen profile will give the new district its identity.

6 Goods yard areaTe desire is to create a sustainable, living urban areawith mixed urban unctions, with a campus being asignificant element. Te transormation will offer theopportunity to enhance the citys blue and green links.Te work will also involve knowledge and experiences,diversity, urban lie, cultural history and connectionsto adjacent transormation areas.

7 stre Havn (Eastern Port)In a ormer grain and eed area east o the centre, a

new district is sprouting up. Te industrial cultu-ral heritage here is being incorporated in a moderncontext in the orm o preserved single buildings, anurban scale and a special raw atmosphere. By makingroom or user-driven urban development, a breedingground is being created or urban lie while the physi-cal transormation is taking place.

8 Vestre Fjordpark (Western Fjord Park)Aalborg offers many opportunities to create entirelyunique activity platorms that are able to help presentLimforden better. Tereore, an architecture competi-tion was held or a holistic plan and a multiunctionalbuilding complex by the open-air swimming pool in thewestern part o the centre o Aalborg.

9 Holistically oriented urban transorma-tion in SkalborgTe rundown district o Skalborg on both sides o the

Hobrovej approach road contains different types o com-mercial and residential areas and the City Syd secondarycentre. A number o conflicting projects and wishes inthe area are exerting pressure, and a holistically orientedprocess is being initiated to create a common vision andan action plan or transormation.

10 Fremtidens Plejehjem (Nursing home othe uture)Te project Fremtidens Plejehjem - trivsel og teknolo-gi (Nursing home o the uture - well-being and tech-nology) is designed to ensure that the municipality cancontinue to offer the best possible service to elderly in-habitants in need o care. Te vision contains the ideathat the nursing home is a living lab in which uturetechnologies and ways o lie can be incorporated. Terestaurant is open to all inhabitants and is thus a newmeeting place.

11 Smart CityFor many years, Aalborg has been working on the SmartCity concept as a means o promoting sustainable urbandevelopment and enhancing competition with other ur-ban regions. We are continuing to build on our positionso strength in close collaboration between university/educational institutions, the business community andthe municipality, IC and the use o intelligent trafficsystems. Te municipality wants to lead the way and,with all the parties involved, increase its ocus on digiti-sation and open data that all private and public institu-tions can use to promote innovative solutions.

12 STAY job creation in partnershipTe City o Aalborg has initiated SAY job creation inpartnership. In the years to come, this will concentrateon retaining graduates rom Aalborg University and Uni-versity College o Northern Denmark. SAY is a part-nership with educational institutions, business organisa-tions, enterprises and public operators.

13 New Aalborg University HospitalTe new Aalborg University Hospital will have a floorarea o over 140,000 square metres and will be comple-ted in 2020. Te Faculty o Medicine at Aalborg Uni-versity will be integrated in the new hospital, producinga good synergy effect between the hospital and medicaltraining. Te new University Hospital will produce the

best synergy effect imaginable - structurally, financiallyand in terms o research.

14 Thinktank or eastern AalborgTe thinktank or eastern Aalborg is an example o thechanged role played by the municipality in urban de-velopment. With the municipality taking the initiati-

ve, seven major public and private operators have cometogether in a binding network designed to maximise thevalue o the billions o DKK invested in the district andenhance the sharing o responsibility or the areas deve-lopment. Te operators have signed a charter describinga shared vision or the development o the district andour areas o initiative.

15 City in betweenAalborg Municipality and Realdania held the competi-tion City in between. Tis was one o six competitions

in the Suburbs o the Future campaign. Te competi-tion ocused on a large area o eastern Aalborg. Work iscurrently in progress here on a number o developmentplans and investments, not least in connection with thenew University Hospital.

16 Kildeparken 2020Himmerland Boligorening has drawn up a master planto renovate 1,050 public dwellings with a vision to trans-orm the area rom a monounctional residential area toa diverse district offering varied housing and good out-door space. Te new district is expected to be attractiveto employees o the University and the new UniversityHospital, which are neighbours.

17 Astrupstien linkTis project in eastern Aalborg ollows on rom the Cityin between objective o sustainable development o thesuburb, with the emphasis on the ambition to achieve aqualitative/physical synergy effect rom the current majorinvestments in the area, or example in the orm o theuniversity development and the modernisation o inra-structure and residential areas. Te initiative will be ba-sed on a strategy o densification, proceeding rom selec-ted hubs and meeting places.

18 Aalborg Cykelby (Cycle City)Tere is a high level o ambition to increase the use osustainable means o transport. Aalborg Cykelby plansto make it more un and saer to be a cyclist and ocusesin particular on accessibility, road saety and visible me-asures or cyclists. With the help o and inspiration roman Advisory Board, a newly established interdisciplinary

Aalborg Cykelby group will optimise the initiative.

19 Aalborg light railway/BRTTe establishment o a 12 km light railway/BR linkbetween western Aalborg and the University and the newUniversity Hospital in the east via the city centre ensu-res high accessibility to the unctions in Aalborgs growthaxis or both local and regional users. Te light railwayalso supports additional urban development and trans-ormation along the route and permits new unctionalconnections despite geographical separation.

20 Center or Grn Omstilling(Green Transition Centre)

Center or Grn Omstilling will make an active contri-bution to promoting a green transition. Increased ocuson sustainability and better utilisation o resources bene-fit both the environment and the economy, as well as theretention o jobs.

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NEW STRATEGIES AND INITIATIVES

AALBORG 2025In 2025, there will be a new University Hospi-tal in the east o Aalborg. The light railway willhave been built, leading rom the centre outto the hospital. The University has been ex-tended and now consists o an even strongercampus in eastern Aalborg, a district that hasundergone thorough urban transormation,and a City Campus. The two are well linked bythe light railway.The initiative to build just over 5,000 homesor young people on the growth axis has resul-ted in a number o living urban environments.At the same time, several housing companieshave carried out extensive renovation o exis-ting housing. With the ocus on broad-basedsustainability, exciting new residential areashave been created with proximity and soci-al inclusion, and green, low-energy solutionshave been employed or heating and localuse o rainwater. Together with changes ineconomic conditions, this initiative has crea-

ted the breeding ground or both new privateconstruction projects and the renovation ohousing stock to a sustainable level.

The city centre is ull o varied experiencesand environments in which culture, the urban

As a regional city, Aalborg must dri ve thegreen transition, growth and welare in nort-hern Denmark. The population o big cities iscurrently growing at the expense o a numbero peripheral areas. The big cities, includingAalborg, play a very important role in soci-al development. Deliberate, critical planningwith the ocus on dialogue and networks is es-sential here i investments in the cities are toachieve the desired effects.

The University accounts or much o the de-

velopment o Aalborg. The city needs the Uni-versity and the University needs the city. Inthe uture, the close partnerships betweenthe municipality, the University and the bu-siness community will be enhanced in orderto create development rameworks and local

environment and design take priority. Aal-borg waterront has been almost completed,including the new district in stre Havn, andin Nrresundby a start has been made on thedevelopment o the areas between Limfords-broen and Limfordstunnellen, in addition tothe attractive port environment on both sideso Limfordsbroen.

The municipality has maintained a populationinflux o 2,000-2,500 people a year. Many othe new inhabitants settle in the municipali-ty ater they have finished their studies, bothbecause there are good, exciting jobs in glo-bally oriented companies and because thereare good conditions or entrepreneurship inAalborg.

In 2025, the distinction between the City oAalborg and the rest o the municipality hasbeen abolished or good. There is a mutual

understanding that the big city needs small ci-ties and the extensive rural areas in the coun-tryside and along Limforden, and the smalland medium-sized cities need Aalborgs dyna-mo effect.

qualities that benefit both the University andthe city.

The general ocus will be on a collaborativecity. There is a need to develop new ways oworking together, both internally between themunicipalitys administrations and betweenthe municipality, other public operators andthe citys private operators. Open access tonecessary and desired initiatives in the muni-cipality and strategic planning o geographi-cal areas will contribute to a common deve-

lopment o visions, action plans and projects.Openness is also about a dialogue-orientedmanagement o conflicts.

6 SELECTED EXAMPLES

26 KarolinelundKarolinelund was built in the first hal o the 19th cen-tury and is one o the citys oldest parks. Over time, thepark has had various uses but they have always invol-ved entertainment. With the closure o Tivoli in 2010,there was a public debate on what the park could beused or in the uture. On the basis o the public debate,and as part o both the physical and mental transorma-tion process, it was decided to reopen Karolinelund as atemporary experimental peoples park as part o Aalborgs strategy as a city o experiences andinnovation. Since then, several associations and cultural institutions have moved in, including

the user-driven cultural centre or electronic ar t and culture, Platorm4. And several exhibiti ons,concerts and estivals have been held.In spring 2013, Aalborg Municipality entered into a right o use agreement up to May 2015 withthe users association Karolines Venner, an interest group with the aim o empowering citi zensand promoting user-driven activities, art and culture.

23Homes or young peopleAalborg City Councils decision to build 4,500 new ho-mes or young people in the period 2010-2016 is parto a political objective or Aalborg to be developedas an international university city. During this period,thereore, approximately 70% o all new-build publichousing or young people in Denmark will be built inAalborg.Aalborg is in stiff competition with the other univer-sity cities o Denmark. Consequently, there is a high ocus on creating unique opportunities orstudents and interesting urban environments that attract young people. Students must have agood range o courses, housing and experiences available in terms o culture, shopping, recrea-tion and leisure activities. It was thereore very important or the homes or young people to bein attractive locations in Aalborg, or example on the waterront, and or the buildings to be highquality in terms o architecture, sustainability and internal fixtures and fittings.

21 City partnershipPartnership and innovation are important conditions or Aal-borgs positive development and were the basis or the EU pro-ject STRAKKS, which was implemented in 2010-2012. STRAKKSthinking can be ound in many o the municipalitys strategy

measures.STRAKKS, which is about combining innovation and businessdevelopment with urban development, took the bull by thehorns in many ways in the development o a new planning pa-radigm in Nordic knowledge cities. This is a paradigm in whichnetwork creation, knowledge sharing and innovation in the cityare essential to the citys competitiveness, and also a paradigmin which the boundaries between public and private unctionsand thus between partners become more fluid. It is also a para-digm that makes new demands o the role o the municipality asboth public authority and process acilitator.STRAKKS species a ew central conditions or competitive urban development. In addition tonew expertise requirements or urban planners, it emphasises three essential conditions: Le-adership, Partnership and Organisation. The experience rom STRAKKS has contributed to heigh-tening awareness that the key to development is also having the courage to experiment withboth ways o working together and solutions at a time when competition between cities is onthe rise. The ormulation o a strategy or the citys experience zone (city centre and waterront)and the establishment o ACT (Aalborg Creative Taskorce) are concrete results o STRAKKS.ACT is much more than a culture pool. ACT is based on a partnership across administrations, in-stitutions and specialities that has the burning ambition to support the citys potential or neworms o experience. ACT is one o the tools that will raise Aalborgs profile as an innovativeknowledge city with a strong cultural and creative profile.

25 NordkratNordkrat was developed and implemented with Aal-borg Municipality as both initiator and client as a cultu-ral centre with music, theatre, cinema, sport, art, educa-tion, restaurants and much more besides. Nordkrat islocated on the waterront close to the new MusikkensHus and the University. It is housed in a converted or-

mer CHP plant rom the 1940s and 1950s and the centrehas a strong presence on the waterront skyline. Nordkrat is an investment in a cultural beaconwhich reaches out to the entire city and region. It has gained almost symbolic importance in re-lation to the transormation o the city rom an industrial city to a city o culture and knowledge.Nordkrat was opened in October 2011. The project has acted as a dynamo or continued urbantransormation in the district.

22 Aalborg UniversityAalborg University has approximately 20,000 students andwants to improve its position among the best universities in theworld. The Universitys two campuses in Aalb org are currentlybeing developed and extended dramatically: City Campus andCampus st (East). Campus st houses the majority o the Uni-versitys courses, while City Campus in the city centre primarilyhouses the creative courses. The city centre is currently under-going a lot o development. The municipality is investing to cre-ate an attractive environment or student lie. The extension o Campus st is playing an im-portant role in the transormation o the district, driven by major investments and a commondesire to reinorce the bonds and synergy between the University and its neighbours; residen-

tial areas, a uture University Hospital and research and knowledge enterprises.

24 New waterronts in Aalborg and NrresundbyThe waterronts have been extensively renovated onboth sides o the ford. The central industrial unctionsthat previously made the port areas inaccessible havebeen replaced by various urban unctions and recreatio-

nal areas. The transormation o the central municipal-ly owned waterront in Aalborg rom 2006 to 2011 cre-ated good links between the city centre and the waterand added a new layer o attractive urban space or allgroups. The area now has a promenade along the water, many new urban spaces and links, acti-vity and recreation gardens, a swimming pool, the Utzon Center and Slotspladsen. The Musik-kens Hus area will be completed in 2015, and the transormation o stre Havn (Eastern Port) tothe east is also in progress. The transormation o the waterront has also been o great signifi-cance to the development o Aalborgs identity and attractiveness.

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AARHUS 2013 24 PIONEERING INITIATIVES

AARHUS CALLS ITSELF THE SMALLEST

BIG CIT Y IN THE W ORLD. SELFAWA

RENESS IS NO BAD THING. AARHUS IS

THE SECOND BIGGEST CIT Y IN DE N

MARK AFTER COPENHAGEN AND

IS THE CENTRE OF A LARGE URBAN

REGION, DEN STJYSKE BYREGION

THE EAST JUTLAND ME TROPOLITAN

AREA, WHICH HAS 1.2 MILLION INHABITANTS JUTLAND HAS 2.5 MILLION.Aarhus calls itsel the smallest big city in theworld. Aarhus is the second biggest city in Den-mark ater Copenhagen and is the centre o a lar-ge urban region, Den stjyske Byregion (the EastJutland metropolitan area), which has 1.2 millioninhabitants (Jutland has 2.5 million).Aarhus is Jutlands hub in many areas. Aarhus isin the process o building a pronounced know-ledge society with new enterprises and jobs. It isalso an ambitious cultural city. Aarhus is in per-manent competition with Copenhagen and withHamburg. Extensive urban transormation anddevelopment are in progress, enhancing the ci-tys regional importance. Aarhus is doing nicelyand the biggest challenge is to bring togetherall the development work and initiatives so that

they enhance each other, thus optimising theoverall effect. This requires strong leadershipand partnership between all parties in the urbancommunity, in public administration and in theregion as a whole. Aarhus wants to heave itselinto the 21st century and this requires a visiona-ry, realistic vision. A growth plan on a sustainablebasis with support rom all sides.

A VISIONFORAARHUSAarhus is a living city with many educational andresearch institutions and a strong, dynamic busi-ness community. The city and its immediate sur-roundings offer opportunities or diverse impres-sions and experiences, rom the living city centreto the surrounding local communities and thebeautiul natural areas with orests and beeches.Aarhus is a modern urban community with acti-ve associations and rich leisure and cultural lie.It is also a city in which history can be seen andelt. This is our basis or developing the city at atime o rapid technological development, grea-ter cultural diversity and new oppor tunities orpartnership across traditional boundaries, bothlocally and internationally. In the development othe city, we must ensure balance and sustaina-bility in a broad sense so that Aarhus remains agood city to inhabit.The 2013 Municipal Plan or Aarhus is a plan orsuch growth on a sustainable basis. The Muni-cipal Plan breaks with the decades-old adhe-rence to the principle o the sel-sufficient localcommunity, a decentralised principle rom thetime when small was good. It is replaced by aplanning policy that entails the expected urbangrowth o the City o Aarhus up to 2030 beinglocated in just over 30 urban transormation are-as and our entirely new districts: Lisbjerg, Elev,Malling and Harlev.With expected population growth o 75,000(25%), and growth o 50,000 homes, 50,000 jobsand 20,000 more students by 2030, it is necessa-ry to arrive at sensible solutions and rethink ur-ban development. 40% o the development willtake place by means o densification o selectedquarters in the city centre, including the port.In addition to more urban lie, this densificationwill limit the spread o the city and increase sus-tainability by reducing energy consumption andtransport time. The remaining 60% o the expan-sion will be provided by a number o new urbanvillages, or example Lisbjerg (25,000 new inhabi-tants), Elev (5-15,000 new inhabitants) and Mal-ling (10-17,000 new inhabitants), as well as small

centres in Harlev, Tilst and Aarslev. These modelcommunities will be characterised by innovativearchitecture and sustainable solutions.In 2017, Aarhus will have the honour o beingthe European Capital o Culture, just as Ume isin 2014. In this connection, a partnership is plan-ned to involve citizens in cultural developmentprogrammes in their own local areas.

Urban transormation

1. Nordhavn Aarhus

2. Ceresgrunden

3. Rutebilstation (bus station)

4. Centralvrksted

Urban development new cities

5 - 6. Lisbjerg/Elev/Harlev/Malling

7. Gellerup master planForeign research shows that when residential areas arephysically closed around themselves and only containhomes, there is a greater risk o them becoming ghettoes.Consequently, new thinking is required i Gellerup andoveshj are to be an integrated district o Aarhus. Tearea will have to contain not just homes but also busi-nesses, shops and culture to an extent that makes a diffe-rence. Te district will also have to be physically openedup to the rest o the city. Tereore, Brabrand Boligo-rening and the City o Aarhus are jointly implementinga master plan or Gellerup. Te master plan is the firstin Denmark to combine major physical changes with

jobs, business, cultural lie, social initiatives and workingtowards a saer district. www.helhedsplangellerup.dk

8. Business Region Aarhus

Inrastructure/traffic

9. Light railway

10. Aarhus Nrbane (local railway)Stronger links with the hinterland. Enhancement o thecity centre as a regional centre and o the region itsel.Te local railway involves the merger o two local railwaylines, avoiding unnecessary changes. Te local railwaywas opened in 2012 and is part o the first stage o theuture light railway. www.letbanen.dk

11. havevej stage 1 o improved roadlinks to the Port o AarhusImproved road links rom the E45. Improvement o theinterconnection with the city in terms o both archi-tecture and traffic flow. A new gate to the city impro-ved routing and new railway bridges at Langens plusoptimised path connections. Te structure was openedin September 2013 and is a successul project, with theengineering solutions and architecture creating a solu-tion that is greater than the sum o its parts.www.marselisboulevard.dk

12. Marselis Boulevard stage 2 o impro-ved road links to the Port o Aarhus

A new tunnel or heavy traffic rom the E45 to the port.Improvement o transit links along with embellishmento existing roads. Te project is stage 2 and must be seenoverall in conjunction with stage 1. Te Improved roadlinks to the Port o Aarhus project aims to create a directaccess road rom the Aarhus south motorway to the Porto Aarhus, while also creating better conditions or resi-dents along the route. Te realisation o the project willresult in modern inrastructure, with the heavy goodstraffic to the Port o Aarhus passing under Marselis Bou-levard in a tunnel. www.marselisboulevard.dk

13. Approach roadsMost people are daily road users, experiencing the cityrom the roads. Road users sometimes ocus on rushhour peak traffic on the citys approach roads and majorroads. However, as a road user you also orm an impres-

sion o the city. Te approach roads give you the firstimpression o the city and its lie. Te City o Aarhuswants to make its approach roads and major roads moreattractive or the citys visitors, business community andinhabitants. www.aarhus.dk/da/borger/bolig-og-byggeri/Lokalplanlaegning

14. Cykelbyen (Cycle city)

WHERE IS AARHUS HEADING?Around 200 cities in Europe are bigger thanAarhus. Although Aarhus is currently the le-ading growth centre in western Denmark,with more than 320,000 inhabitants, loca-ted in eastern Jutland with 1.5 million peoplewithin one hours travelling distance, and acity in constant growth, it is not time to rest

on its laurels. Competition or the investmentso the uture is oten only on terms set by in-vestors, unless the city itsel is attuned to theinteraction between the many parties invol-ved. This is the essence o the ability to beatthe competition to be an attractive city. Aar-hus is working hard with these parties to ma-

Urban space

15. Last stage o opening up Aarhus (river)

16. Your Rainbow Panorama

Aarhus newest and most iconic project, a building onthe roo o Aros, Aarhus Museum o Art. A spectacularlandmark or the city and a vantage point over Aarhus.Te city is urnished with new colours in all directions.Olaur Eliasson has created the permanent work o artas a circular, 150-metre long, three-metre wide galleryin glass in all the colours o the spectrum. Te colourulmasterwork has a diameter o 52 metres and is installedon slender columns 3.5 metres above the roo o the mu-seum. w ww.aros.dkCulture

17.Godsbanen

18. Institut (X)

19. DOKK1, Urban Media Space

20.Experiments in the citys spaces

21. Aarhus as 2017 European Capital o Cul-tureTe European Capital o Culture (ECoC) is one o the

most prestigious, visible European cultural events. Aar-hus as the 2017 Capital o Culture is supported by theCentral Jutland Region and all municipalities in the re-gion. Te Capital o Culture is thereore rooted in strongregional partnership rom coast to coast. Te REHINKtopic indicates that Aarhus 2017 will implement a cul-tural laboratory throughout the region in which innova-tion and alternative solutions can develop and take root.

However, Aarhus 2017 is more than an art and cultureproject. Other ocus areas include urban development,integration, business development, tourism, inrastructu-re and international partnerships. Te Capital o Cultu-re concept involves inclusion and participation, preera-bly in new configurations. www.aarhus2017.dk

22. Camp Student HouseAarhus is a big student city but there is a shortage ostudent housing. A solution to this situation is in prepa-ration but to meet urgent needs students can, via Stu-denterhus Aarhus, rent a bed in one o the containersinstalled temporarily in the city centre. Each containerhas a bathroom, toilet and kitchenette, plus beds or 4students. Tis is an experiment offering new approachesor inexpensive housing associations and applying tem-porary solutions as a (permanent) method o urban de-velopment.

Business

23. Katrinebjerg innovation cityGradual development and transormation o an existingbusiness area into a business and institutional environ-ment. Te district o Katrinebjerg in north-western Aar-hus ocuses on inormation technology and innovation.Te I city contains Aarhus Universitys I courses andI research, the incubator and development centre IN-CUBA Science Park, a large number o I enterprisesand network organisations and enterprises ocusing on

the latest I knowledge and partnership between the re-search and business communities.www.katrinebjerg.net

Citizenship

24. DemokraCity Aarhus

intain its current and uture growth potential.This requires the preparation o new plans andprojects that intelligently outline an attractivecity o which sustainability, accessibility anddiversity are the essential eatures. Densifica-tion o the existing city, construction o alter-native orms o housing to match the liestyles

lived in the city, an inrastructure that promo-tes the citys accessibility and reduces CO2emissions and new districts that create spaceor the 75,000 new inhabitants expected tolive in Aarhus by 2030 are some o the mostimportant urban development topics.This is complex work, reflecting the act that

cities must be complex i they are to be att-ractive. It is also necessary to find new ways oworking with citizens and users o the city, en-terprises, organisations, institutions, etc. Oneexample o this process in Aarhus is Demokra-City, a development project in which citizensinvolvement has been turned into a citizens

partnership on the uture o Aarhus. This is auture in which Aarhus will be the central cityin the unctional urban region Den stjyskeMillionby (DM) (East Jutland metropolitanarea) and in which partnership is a precondi-tion or the ability o the unctional urban re-gion to assert itsel in global competition.

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1. Nordhavnen eastern Aarhus dock 7Under the headline Rethink dock 7, the City o Aarhus, inpartnership with a private team, is planning to develop anarea o eastern Aarhus located by the dock where a swim-ming pool and a viewing tower will be established in a ewyears. In partnership with the City o Aarhus, the selected

team will create a development plan or the area as a who-le and establish a number o urban lie activities. Finally, theteam will have the opportunity to build a number o homesand/or businesses in the area. Following a procurement process, two o the biggest firms in Da-nish and international architecture and urban development will help rethink and develop dock7 as part o the waterront o Aarhus. An assessment committee consisting o representativeso the parties on Aarhus City Council unanimously chose a consortium including Bjarke I ngelsGroup (BIG) and Gehl Architects as the team that will, with the City o Aarhus, create a develop-ment plan or one o the most attractive areas in eastern Aarhus. www.debynaerehavnearealer.dk

19. Dokk1The main idea behind the construction project Urban Medi-aspace Aarhus is to build the library o the uture and trans-orm the inner port area in Aarhus into a living, active urbanspace. With Dokk1, the new port areas and the rerouting oKystvejen, the area will be an important link between thecity centre and the bay. Citizens and visitors can experiencethe waterront and have the oppo rtunity to enjoy new cultural activities, spend time there, haveexperiences and play. Dokk1 will be the new Central Library and Municipal Ser vice Centre, offe-ring media communication and municipal services to citizens. Dokk1 is intended to be an open,

accessible learning and experience environment, offering the opportunity or activity, peace, a-miliarisation and study. With its diverse acilities or social activities, associations and networks,Dokk1 will contribute to promoting democracy and community. With its visionary, sustainable ar-chitecture, Dokk1 is planned to be an icon or Aarhus and show that it is a or ward-thinking, inno-vative city. www.urbanmediaspace.dk

15.Last stage o opening up Aarhus (river)Part o the Urban Mediaspace construction project involves openingup the last part o Aarhus . Opening up the last part o the river is thelast stage in the multiple prize-winning urban renovation project thathas made a great contribution to the special environment o the citycentre in recent years. The work to open up Aarhus began ater a de -cision in principle on Aarhus City Council way back in 1989. With theestablishment o the new port areas around Dokk1, the opening upo the last part o the river is intended to help enhance the interactionbetween the city, the port and the bay. www.urbanmediaspace.dk

3. Rutebilstationen (bus station)The area around Ny Banegrdsgade and Rutebilstationenare to be transormed into a dense, lively, varied residentialquarter. The rundown areas around Ny Banegrdsgade andRutebilstationen in the centre o Aarhus will be transormedinto a lively, varied residential quarter with a new bus termi-nal and an extension o the Bruuns Galleri shopping centre.Like a string o pearls, new and existing buildings will sur-round the area in which a new bus terminal and an extensi-on o Bruuns Galleri will provide the centre o Aarhus withattractive new urban space. A planning team headed bythe designers COBE and Transorm proposed the idea so convincingly that an advisory commit-tee unanimously designated the String o Pearls as the project on which the urther work on amaster plan or the area should be based. The master plan is being prepared jointly by the twolandowners, the City o Aarhus and DSB Ejendomsudvikling, in partnership with Steen & StrmDanmark, which owns Bruuns Galleri. www.businessaarhus.dk

17. GodsbanenThe goods yard areas will be developed into an attracti-ve district in the centre o Aarhus in the years to come. Thefirst project was the cultural production centre Godsbanen.Aarhus School o Architecture will move into the area in thenext phase. The old goods yard in Skovgaardsgade has beenchosen. The characteristic original buildings and the institu-

tions location close to other prominent cultural institutionsin the city mean that the area is an ideal location or a newcultural centre. It is a new type o centre where the ocus is on the production o art and theexpectation is that the centre will contribute to improving the conditions in this field or manyyears to come, thus providing a boost to cultural lie in Aarhus as a whole. www.godsbanen.dk

18. Institut (X)In the old workshop buildings at GODSBANEN, Institut or Xhas created a mini-district ull o lie, business activity, mu-sic, art and clever details. These are temporary unctions asthe buildings will be removed when the Godsbane areas arebuilt on. However, a unique environment has been crea-ted that many people want to preserve. There is an excitingmix o many different operators. New enterprises have beencreated in the fields o art, design, urban space and gara-ge culture. Enterprises emerge and merge into each other,or example Bureau Detours, Institut or Lyd og Rum, Rumor Design, Arkitektur og Kunst (D.A.K.), Dennis Design Center (started here), Center or Garage -kultur, BonzaiLab, Landskab Mellem Husene, vejorskning and JetCab, which is involved in bothbike maintenance and cycle taxis. The premises are hired and used or sport and leisure by child-

ren and young people rom throughout the city. They play ootball, do slacklining, skate anddo cyclocross, etc. An alternative additi on to the centre o cultural p roduction - synergy. I youmove through this part o the goods yard areas, you need to be involved in a personal journeythrough ideas, research and concepts which ends in text, photography, drawing, sculpture, vi-deo and perormance. www.godsbanen.dk

SELECTED PROJECTS

20. Experiments in the citys spacesVarious events over the year provide the opportunity or expe-riments in art, light and installations that transorm the vario-us urban spaces rom their everyday incarnations. Festugen,Kulturnat, Institut or X, Sculpture by the Sea. There is spaceor the experimental, the ephemeral and the immediate, and

there is space or more established art. Together, the variousevents represent an opportunity to experience the city in a di-erent way that may, in turn, contribute to the d iscussion onhow we can use our shared city in the best way or all. www.aarhusestuge.dk

14. Cykelby (cycle city)The cycle action plan or the City o Aarhus is a long-term planthat orms the ramework or investments in cycle promotioninitiatives in the years to come. The main aim o the plan is toachieve a marked increase in the number o cycle routes in theCity o Aarhus. The purpose o this is to help change the com-position o traffic so that a higher proportion o travel in thecity is by bike. This means less congestion, lower CO2 emis-sions and better health. The cycle action plan is also a directconsequence o the Traffic Plan or the Centre o Aarhus, the overall aim o which is to introducetraffic calming in the heart o the city and prevent the volume o vehicles increasing within thering roads. This requires many more people to use their bikes and the conditions or cyclists tobe improved. www.aarhuscykelby.dk

8. Light railway

A new light railway in Aarhus. Greater Aarhus is the astestgrowing growth centre in Denmark. Growth means new andgreater demands on the areas public transport system. Morepeople will need to be transported around Aarhus and to androm the surrounding municipalities. The establishment othe light railway is designed to help ensure that public trans-port in and around Aarhus is ast, efficient and environmen-tally-riendly. The first stage o the light railway is planned as a 12-kilometre section rom thecity centre by Nrrebrogade and Randersvej via the hospital in Skejby to Lisbjerg. The lightrailway is connected here to the Gren railway via a new connection to Lystrup. In the city cen-tre, the light railway is connected to the Gren railway and via Aarhus Central Station it is con-nected to the Odder railway. The first stage o the light railway will be an important element inthe development o new urban growth areas in the north at Lisbjerg, Elev and Skdstrup and inthe south at Beder and Malling. www.letbanen.dk

5. -6. Lisbjerg and Elev (Nye)The 2009 Municipal Plan lays down a strategy or the citys ur-ban growth which aims to develop our new, relatively densetowns on the basis o a large number o values and principles.The towns must together be able to handle a large part o thegrowth o 75,000 inhabitants that is expected in the city in theperiod 2010 - 2030. Two o these new urban areas are at Lisb-jerg and Elev (Nye). Master plans or large areas or districts willusually be prepared under the leadership o the City o Aarhusand possibly with external private operators and consultants as advisors. In the case o Nye, theCity has chosen to turn this method on its head a little. The master plan has been prepared inclose dialogue with the City and the plan has been prepared partly because there was a com-mon desire to accelerate the planning o the new town to ensure it takes place in parallel withthe planning or the new town at Lisbjerg. This creates the opportunity or the two large urbandevelopment projects, one municipal and one privately initiated, to learn rom each other andto offer different qualities in order to achieve synergies. This also establishes better urban sup-port or the realisation o the light railway as the new town and Lisbjerg can unction as a resi-dential area or the jobs that exist and are created along the knowledge axis at Skejby and Ran-dersvej to the Port o Aarhus. www.nye.dk

24. DemokraCity AarhusOur cities should not be static backdrops or ormal procedu-res. They should be dynamic rameworks or interaction andmeetings between people. DemokraCity is a new studio runby Aarhus School o Architecture, which is in a partnershipwith the City o Aarhus on new orms o democracy and ur-

ban development. The studio places architecture and the roleo the architect in a holistically oriented, interdisciplinary anddemocratic context. In the studio, we ocus on how centraloperators (citizens, municipal employees and architecture stu-dents) can together develop a specific urban quarter usingtemporary architecture and how they can develop and test specific 1:1 prototypes to createknowledge and tools or rethinking and developing our cities. The work is done with conceptssuch as social capital, empowerment and sustainability. The partnership has provisionally beenagreed or 2 years and Aarhus City Council unanimously supports the partnership project.www.aarhus.dk/da/aarhus/FremtidensAarhus1/DemokraCity-Aarhus.aspx

8. Business Region AarhusAarhus is a medium-sized city in an international context. In thestruggle to attract and retain enterprises and well-qualified la-bour, market size and critical mass play a decisive role in many are-as. However, close cooperation with surrounding towns and cities inthe urban region can deal with this and develop and emphasise theareas visibility and strengths. Eastern Jutland, including Business Re -gion Aarhus, which consists o eleven eastern Jutland municipalities,is becoming increasingly prominent as a national growth centre and a

coherent area or business location, residential living and jobs - a unc-tional urban region. The municipalities in eastern Jutland and Business Region Aarhus have ashared interest in binding the area together, reaping synergies rom joint projects, talking withone voice and joining orces in a competitive, globalised world. Business Region Aarhus workson business promotion across municipal boundaries as a supplement to the individual munici-palities initiatives to develop their own strengths and to meet challenges. The development owelare technology and boosting production enterprises are two o the most important areas oinitiative or Business Region Aarhus. www.businessregionaarhus.com

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ESKILSTUNASURBAN TRANS-FORMATION

20 examples

ESKILSTUNA HAS UNDERGONE MA

JOR CHANGE IN THE PAST TWENTY

YEARS. THE OLD INDUSTRIAL CITY OF

ESKILSTUNA, WITH ITS REPUTATION

AS A SOMEWH AT GREY, RUNDOWN

PLACE, HAS MANAGED TO CHANGEAND HIGHLIGHT QUALITIES SUCH AS

BEAUTY, IMPROVED CITY LIFE AND

BETTER SUSTAINABILITY. THE CITY IS

CLASSIFIED AS ONE OF THE VERY BEST

IN SWEDEN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL

WORK. BUT DOES IT ACTUALLY MEAN

FOR THE INHABITANTS THAT A CITY

HAS CHANGED?

The centre o Eskilstuna is that o a traditionalEuropean city with a large central square anda grid plan. The peripheral parts that grew upparallel to the industry were planned in theModernist style. Much o Eskilstunas urbanlandscape is characterised by its planning ha-ving been based on the car. We know that thisscattered orm o the built environment nolonger works. Thereore, one o the major phy-sical and social challenges is to achieve a morecoherent city. In this collection o examples,we include not only finished projects but alsoongoing development projects that point in asustainable direction.

In addition to the actual changes, the appea-rance o the city is also changing. This is trueor both the citys inhabitants and or its visi-tors and guests. A guest taking a walk alongthe river in a ew years and looking in at theMunktellarenan sports centre and the Art Mu-seum, swimming in the new swimming pool,seeing new homes on Drottninggatan andfinishing with a cup o coffee on the newly

rebuilt Fristadstorget square will not recogni-se the old grey image o Eskilstuna. Star tingrom within and working outwards is the stra-tegy o the new master plan or the city. Oneo the big challenges is to manage to get ur-ther out in the city and not just work on thecentre.

Eskilstuna remains an industrial city, but onthe other hand it is not. A lot o production re-mains in the city but the business communityhas changed as the city has changed. City liehas become more active and the public spa-ces have been improved. The effect is largelyincreased sel-confidence or the inhabitantso Eskilstuna and higher sel-esteem.

The complexity o the city has increased andnew priorities need to be set. Some work hasbeen done, but much remains.=

VisionEskilstuna has a long-term, combined visionor its uture development. The vision is basedon history and the 18th-century ree town.Back then, it was also about courage, challeng-es and welcoming difference and ideas. We areusing history to build the uture Eskilstuna theproud ree town. The vision is Eskilstunas gui-ding principle up to 2020.

Eskilstuna the proud ree town- We are courageous and accept challenges- We welcome difference and ideas- We take responsibility or a sae, sustainableutureYou come to us to experience, be inspired andlearn

Best environmental municipalityIn 2012, Eskilstuna was named the best en-vironmental municipality in Sweden in themagazine Miljaktuellts study o municipal

environmental work. Eskilstuna remains nearthe top in the 2013 study, being ranked in avery creditable second place. Since last yearsranking, the City o Eskilstuna has ocused onimplementing the citys climate plan and a re-silience study, planned an ecocycle park andinvested in organic ood in the citys acilities,green IT and solar and wind power.

High population growthAter a long period o alling population num-bers, the number o inhabitants o Eskil stunahas grown steadily and the city now has over100,000 inhabitants. According to populationorecasts, the number o inhabitants is expec-ted to continue to grow. Eskilstuna is one o theastest growing municipalities in Sweden andthe master plan aims or 120,000 inhabitantsby 2030. This means that it is necessary to de-velop homes, schools, inrastructure and publictransport.

New digital master planEskilstunas vision the proud ree town is re-flected in the new master plan adopted in Au-gust 2013. The new master plan has a clear o-cus on densification and the concentration othe city. This involves an entirely new approachalong with a new t raffic strategy. The new mas-ter plan is presented in digital orm. Moderntechnology makes it possible to search or spe-cific inormation on a web-based map that isconstantly updated.

1Student cityTe establishment o Mlardalen University, withcampuses in Eskilstuna and Vsters, has boosted thelevel o skills and education in the region. Te univer-sity currently has around 12,000 students, which hasa high impact on city lie. Te University works clo-

sely with businesses and the public sector in the regi-on and has a clear environmental profile. Te centrallocation o the University contributes to outreach pro-

jects in which students meet citizens and social opera-tors, with the city as the arena and meeting place.

2Regionalisation as a consequence oSvealand railway

Another important change or the industrial city oEskilstuna is regionalisation. With the extension othe Svealand railway in the late 1990s, the city hadaster links with Stockholm and it was much easierto commute there. In addition to better provision osupplies, it produced an expanded housing marketand better opportunities or the recruitment o skilledemployees.

3Sustainable public transportIn 2000, a comprehensive study was carried out todevelop Eskilstunas urban transport to make it moreattractive. A new route network began in December2011 with more requent services, more biogas buses,through rural routes and subsidised taxis. More homesare planned in the long term close to routes served bypublic transport to enlarge the passenger base.

4More homes in the centreTe density o Eskilstunas inner city is low. More pe-ople now want to live and work in Eskilstuna and itis important to initiate more housing projects in thecentre and its immediate vicinity. A housing develop-ment programme has been prepared with the objec-tive o building at least 300 new homes every year inthe next six years.

5Industrial building heritageEskilstuna still has some o Swedens most interes-ting industrial buildings rom the expansive period o1870-1920. A very important part o the transorma-tion o Eskilstuna is the conversion o industrial buil-dings into schools, offices and in some cases also ho-mes. Te buildings contribute to merging history withthe present and the uture.

6Science Park - where new ideas are

hatchedMunktell Science Park is a hub or innovators. It isa neutral meeting place suitable or innovative com-panies and others in the incubator phase. Tere is anatural link to the University. Te Science Park alsoprovides offices and workplaces or knowledge compa-nies. It is an incredibly important part o Eskilstunasdevelopment.

7Art as a gaugeEskilstuna has invested in public art as part o itstransormation, primarily in the centre and in Munk-tellstaden. Rapid changes in the city lead to questionsand discussions. Replacing the retrospective historicalstatue Smederna with the new abstract work o art Re-ceiver in Fristadstorget is an example.

8Activities or a living cityIn addition to physical changes in public space, thereis a will among the city and other operators to createcontent and public activities. A partnership has beeninitiated by the city with property owners, shops and

the police to inject more lie into the city centre.

9Swim in the river?Eskilstunan (river) is the lieblood o the city. Eskil-stuna has the opportunity to create a bathing beachin the centre o the city. Tis is a rare opportunity inSweden. Tis possibility will be investigated in con-

junction with uture renovation and animation o thecity park.

10New arena and new swimming pool in

MunktellstadenPreparations are under way to build a new swimmingpool and a new arena with sports halls in Munktellsta-den. Te planned acilities will contribute to the old in-dustrial area continuing to develop into a living districtin Eskilstuna.Te locations will produce synergy effects in Munktell-staden; a modern building will replace an old and dila-pidated one.

11Eskilstuna as a city or pedestrians andcyclistsEskilstuna is a compact city with many attractive walks.Te number o cyclists is growing and the attractivenesso cycling is increasing. Current planning or pedestri-ans and cyclists is resulting in separate bridges over theriver and the citys own design or cycle stands is a mo-dern eature that harks back to Eskilstunas industrialtradition.

12Eskilstuna Central Station version 2.0raffic orecasts generally indicate that travel will increa-

se but also that passengers will demand more. Te travelcentre in Eskilstuna needs to be upgraded in the years tocome. Work has been initiated to study the conditionsor an upgraded, attractive new travel centre in Eskilstu-na. Links to local bus services and cycle routes are im-portant parts o this development.

13Light in the CityTe new lighting plan or Eskilstuna ocuses on connec-tions and routes. Light in the City is an EU project inwhich Eskilstuna is participating with the cities o Jyvs-kyl, artu and Hasselt. In autumn 2014, Eskilstuna willhold its first big lighting event and participants are beinginvited rom around the world.

14The ourth urban spaceEskilstunas traditional structure contains strong barriersbetween unctions and districts. Tere are currently ewree meeting places. In particular in connection with theuture relocation o the University, there will be a needor more o a ourth innovative urban space to enhanceknowledge growth in the city.

15Transormation o Vster - thesustainable districtTe district o Vster has good opportunities to developthe river bank into an attractive everyday space or all re-sidents o Eskilstuna. In the transormation, it is impor-tant to preserve the industrial buildings and enterprisesthat exist in the area that can work with and be conver-ted into housing or other uses. .

16More involved inhabitantsEskilstuna has implemented a number o spade pro-

jects, putting up signs in places that are to be changed toask or opinions beore the digging begins. Te spadeinitiative worked in several cases, getting people involvedin time beore a decision was made.

17Importance o changeTe change in the culture o the city, the number o pla-ces to eat, the number o outdoor cas in the summer,the range o music and other culture on offer are per-haps what residents o Eskilstuna most clearly see and-eel. Housing and the labour market have changed lessdramatically. Eskilstuna had a problem with its pride. Amore beautiul, better developed city will produce morepride and perhaps more courage to try out more newthings.

18Eskilstunas speedo date, the car has come first, but the priorities are setto change. A mobility group has the task o planningand implementing campaigns to change travel patterns.Eskilstuna is thus investing in physical measures in theurban environment and working on sot measures tochange travel patterns.

19Twenty kilometres o river route alongEskilstunan

A substantial river runs through Eskilstuna. It takes upspace and coners character on the city. A twenty-kilo-metre walk is being created rom the paths that alreadyexist. Te river will no longer be a barrier. It will be a nimportant asset or the city, a space to stay in and showoff. Rest areas and new paths have been built outside thecity centre and new park areas and improvement o exis-ting environments are planned in the city. For example,a ormer museum park has been converted next to theriver. Te riverside walk has been enhanced with new se-ating areas, art and renovated fishing platorms. As theriver is wide, the surace o the water can also be madeuse o. In the centre o the city, where the river is at itswidest, a new ountain is being installed.

20Bazar a cluster o multinational smallbusinesses

Approximately 25% o Eskilstuna residents have an im-migrant background. Bazar is an inclusive multinationalmeeting place in the orm o a market place. Small busi-ness owners can conduct their business under the sameroo and benefit together rom shared resources and hig-her attractiveness. Te Bazar project is intended to unc-tion as a engine or small businesses and is linked to theBazar Business School initiative.

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21 Eskilstunas knowledge routeWhen Mlardalen University was established inthe late 1990s, it represented one o the biggestchanges the city had experienced in modern ti-mes. It is linked to a higher level o education, a

wider range o businesses and regionalisationwith more collaboration with Vsters. From thestart, the University has been located centrally inpartially converted old industrial buildings nearthe railway. The next step involves a continua-tion o the central location, but closer to the river and on an attractive route rom the railwayon the way to Munktellstaden. The University will have a clearer profile in the urban landsca-pe here and become part o the uture innovative route that will also mean uture changes toStrmsholmen and Faktoriholmen. The importance or the city will be that the knowledge so-ciety will be made clear in the urban landscape.

ANALYSIS: WHERE IS ESKILSTUNAHEADING?

THOUGHTS ABOUT CONTINUED

DEVELOPMENT IN ESKILSTUNA UPTO 2020Eskilstunas journey to 2020 involves impro-ving the quality o individual objects such asbuildings and parks and, above all, placingthe objects in a good structure. The structuremust support the objective o giving Eskilstu-na more good meeting places and public spa-ces with good content and high accessibilityrather than improving traffic flow. This meansa city with a speed that promotes meetingsbetween people and sustainable

journeys. Too many objects have previous-ly been built as individual additions without

any thought to the overall structure. Eskilstu-na must also discuss more clearly the impactor effect o various urban planning measuresand be less concerned about how representa-tive a measure is. Design and appearance areimportant but are still less important than theeffect o the construction o a street environ-

One question is inevitable. Will Eskilstuna evercatch up? Cities that were hit hard by structu-ral rationalisation and the globalisation o in-dustrial production have had a rougher deve-lopment ride than others. Eskilstuna has takenimportant steps orward but much remainsto be done. Will we catch up? Are we doingthe right thing? The examples described inthis document are a summary o a city that is

ment or park, or example. The new masterplan provides a good basis or this but it mustalso be made more specific.

- City vision or the central parts; develop andlink the centre to Munktellstaden and Vster tocreate a larger cultural and innovative centreo Eskilstuna.- Development plan or a more coherent city;initially link rby more closely to its immedia-te surroundings and study the possibilities oLagersberg, Rbergstorp and Frslunda beco-ming a more coherent part o the city.

- Develop the green and the blue - continuethe work around Eskilstunan and improvethe link to the natural areas close to the citybetween various districts.- Create a new type o park in the peripheralparts o the cit y - the new city park.

moving and developing. The movement andthe journey in themselves may be the mostimportant element o all. Individual measuresin the city may play a big role but the changein peoples lives and their experience o thecity as a result o the transormation are per-haps the most important results. Eskilstuna isgrowing. More people want to live and workhere. The journey continues.

FIVE SELECTED EXAMPLES

25Stronger structural linksSegregation caused by public space, which ismost requently obvious in most o the MillionHomes Programme areas in Sweden, has otenbeen studied in urban planning on the basis othe physical buildings and the housing but rare-ly with the ocus on the space. Eskilstuna has anumber o Million Homes Programme areas romthe 1970s that are socially, economically and eth-nically segregated rom their lo cal areas (rby,Skitinge and Lagersberg). Space syntax ana-lyses have shown that these areas have a weak link to the city as a result o a segregated roadnetwork. The Urban Planning Administration has initiated a project with the aim o reinorcingthe links between these districts to create a more coherent, integrated road network. Public spa-ce must constitute the basis or natural movement through the Million Homes Programme are-as or a more socially sustainable community.

22 An attractive city is emergingDuring the 2000s, Eskilstuna has worked hard tocreate living, beautiul urban spaces. The new ur-ban environments offer great scope or peoplesneeds, desires and pleasure. Cars have to makeway or pedestrians and cyclists. Artistic decora-tion with brick eatures, well selected greeneryand decorative lighting are recurring eatures. Se-veral large transormation projects have helpedembellish the city. The transormation o Hamn-gatan won Vackra vgars pris 2002 (beautiul roads prize). The transormation encounteredsome resistance but when the project was finished, the inhabitants had a new, much app-reciated urban space. Vstergatan, Nyorsgatan, Kyrkogatan and Smrtorget have als o beentransormed. Piece by piece, a more attractive Eskilstuna is emerging.

23 Fristadstorget and activities or a livingcityFristadstorget is in the centre o Eskilstuna. Ex-tensive renovation is in progress. The objective isor the square to be open and welcoming. Duringthe planning process, both the general publicand politicians had the opportunity to have theirsay. Requests or more water and greenery, moreinviting seating areas, a market and better op-portunities or outdoor cas have been incor-porated in the design. More space or activities is being created by taking away a permanentbuilding on the square and using a ormer bus-only street. The new Fristadstorget will be amodern square with ree wifi and space or everyone. New partnerships will develop the con-tent o the square.

24 Master plan changes the paradigm24 Post-war planning was highly in avour ocars and thus also contributed to de-densifica-tion, while a range o barriers were built into theinrastructure and it was difficult to limit urban

spread. In 2013, a new master plan is being adop-ted or the City o Eskilstuna. It ocuses clearly ondensification and the need to concentrate thecity. This is a completely new ap proach. Manymaster plans in Sweden have the same spirit osustainability. The challenge now is to translate this into practical action and not allow detailedplanning once again to be dominated by ad hoc-like additions outside the existing inrastructu-re o the City o Eskilstuna. The same challenge app lies to the municipalit ys other city, Torshllaand other smaller places. The new master plan is presented entirely in digital orm.

Linn Eldin

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FREDERICIA2013

THE 25 PROJECTS

With just over 50,000 inhabitants, Fredericiais one the main cities in the Triangle Region,one o the strongest growth centres in Den-mark. The city makes diverse use o its clearadvantage o being located in the centre o

the country, close to Aarhus and Odense anddirectly north o Hamburg, which is just twohours drive away.

Fredericia is a road and rail junction and thecity has the biggest industrial port in Denmarkin terms o turnover. With the large DanmarkCbusiness park, the city has been able to makeuse o its geographical location and attrac-ted over 50 new businesses since 2005. At thesame time, the unique renaissance city thatmakes up the city centre today has been pre-served.

With Odense, Fredericia has the highest num-ber o jobs in the knowledge sector in theregion. Outside the capital, it also has thehighest number o highly-educated people

within a 45-minute drive. Both small andmedium-sized enterprises have relocatedhere, and a number o Denmarks major com-panies such as Carlsberg, Shell, Dong and En-erginet.dk are based in and administered romFredericia.

A quarter

Documents

450 Urban Projects