4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis Video Eyewitness Plant Watch video and answer the questions

4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis

Video•Eyewitness Plant•Watch video and answer the questions

4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis•Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 41

•Topic: 4.2/4.3 Intro to Photosynthesis

•Essential Question:

What are the roles of chloroplasts and chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

What are the roles of chloroplasts and chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

4.2/4.3 Intro to Photosynthesis

Key Concept: The overall process of photosynthesis produces sugars that store chemical energy


CA Standard

1. The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism’s cells.

1.F Know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide.


Imagine you just planted beautiful roses in your garden.

What materials are crucial to the roses’ survival? In other words, what do the roses need to stay alive?

Discussion QuestionsPg. 40


What materials are crucial to the roses survival?

In other words, what do the roses need to stay alive?

• Water (H20)

• Sunlight

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

• Soil


KEY CONCEPTThe overall process of photosynthesis produces sugars that store chemical energy.


• List a few things that use energy from sunlight.

Pg. 40


Solar powered homes, cars, and calculators are just a few things that use energy from sunlight.

In a way you are solar powered. Although the sun does not directly give you the energy.


How do we, as humans, get our chemical energy?


How do we, as humans, get our chemical energy?

photosynthesis: Stores energy from sunlight in glucose

cellular respiration: breaks down glucose to release stored energy

in the form of ATP

Pg. 40


Photosynthesis is a process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy. Therefore, directly or indirectly, the energy for almost all organisms begins as sunlight.

(Sugar)

ProductsReactants


Photosynthetic organisms are producers.

• Producers make their own source of chemical energy (they make their own food).

• Ex: Plants


Video

• Discovery of Photosynthesis


• They contain Chlorophyll, which is a molecule that absorbs light energy.

chloroplast

leaf cell

leaf

• Chloroplasts are organelles where photosynthesis occurs


– Thylakoid- Coin-shaped

compartments that contain chlorophyll

- Grana- stacks of thylakoids

– Stroma- Fluid that surrounds

the grana

chloroplast

stroma

granam

Thylakoid

4.2 Overview of PhotosynthesisLabel this Chloroplast

1

2

43

1.

2.

3.

4.Contains:

5.

6.

7. 8.

9.

10.Reactants

Products

4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis10. granum (stack of thylakoids)

1.chloroplast2. sunlight

3. 6H2O

7. 6CO2

thylakoid 6. energy

5. 6O2

stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids)

9. 1 six-carbon sugar

C6H12O68. Calvin Cycle

4. Thylakoid Contains: chlorophyll

Reactants

Products


• The equation for photosynthesis is:

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

C6H12O6

granum (stack of thylakoids)

thylakoid

sunlight

1 six-carbon sugar

6H2O

6CO2

6O2

chloroplastchloroplast1

2

43

energy


Carbon dioxide water light, enzymes a sugar oxygen



6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

How many Cs?



6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

How many Cs?



6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

How many Cs?

How many Os?



6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

How many Cs?

How many Os?



6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

How many Cs?

How many O2s?

How many Hs?



6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

How many Cs?

How many Os?

How many Hs?



6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

C6H12O6

granum (stack of thylakoids)

thylakoid

sunlight

1 six-carbon sugar

6H2O

6CO2

6O2

chloroplastchloroplast1

2

43

energy


Carbon dioxide water light, enzymes a sugar oxygen


Video

• The Process of Photosynthesis


•Topic: 4.2/4.3 Light Dependent Reactions


How do the two photosystems work together to capture energy from sunlight?


How do the two photosystems work together to capture energy from sunlight?

4.2/4.3 Photosynthesis: Light Dependent Reactions

Key Concept: Photosynthesis requires a series of chemical reactions


Sponge

What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?


Reactants: (What do we need for photosynthesis?

•Sunlight•H2O water

•CO2 carbon dioxide

Products:

•O2 oxygen

•Glucose (sugar)


6CO2 + 6H2O

C6H12O6 + 6O2


• Light-dependent reactions capture energy from sunlight (The reactions depend on light!).



Light Dependent reactions- take place in the thylakoids

•Sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll

•6 H2O (water) molecules are broken down

• H+, e-, O2

•6 O2 (oxygen) are released as waste

•The energy is carried by ATP and NADPH molecules to fuel the light independent reactionsLI

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Classwork • On pg. 42:

–Make a flow map which includes the reactants and products of light dependent reactions

–All 7 parts of Light-Dependent Reactions

–Label Photosystem II and Photosystem I


REACTANTS

2. 3.

4. 5.

6. 7.

PRODUCTS

1.

Nam

eN

ame

LIGHT –DEPENDENT REACTIONSPg. 109-110 in book

Pg. 42 INB

1. •Chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight

•The energy is transferred to electrons (e-) in the chlorophyll

• These high energy electrons enter an Electron Transport Chain

Photosystem II

2. •Water molecules split:

• Oxygen• released as waste

• Hydrogen • Hydrogen ions (H+)• Electrons (e-)

• The electrons from the water replace the electrons lost from the chlorophyll in step 1

3. •Electrons move from protein to protein in the ETC

• Their energy is used to pump the (H+) inside the thylakoid (against the concentration gradient)

• H+ build up inside the thylakoid

Photosystem I4. •Absorb energy from sunlight

•Electrons are energized and leave the chlorophyll

•The e- on the ETC in Photosystem II will replace the e- lost in step 4

5.•The energized electrons are added to a molecule called NADP+ (like ADP)

5.•The energized electrons are added to a molecule called NADP+ (like ADP)

•A molecule of NADPH (like ATP) is made

•NADPH will continue to the Light-Independent reactions

6. •H+ ions have built up inside the thylakoid from Photosystem II (more inside than outside)

•H+ flow though a protein channel through diffusion

7. •As H+ flow though the protein channel…

•ATP synthase makes ATP by adding phosphates to ADP

•ATP will move on to the Light-Independent Reactions


REACTANTS

2. Water molecules split: H+, Electrons, and O2

3. Electrons move through the ETC-Hydrogen ions (H+) transported inside thylakoid

4. Chlorophyll absorbs more energy from sunlight. Electrons leave to the ETC

5.Electrons added to NADP+ to make NADPH

6. Hydrogen Ions diffuse out of the thylakoid through a protein channel

7. As H+ ions flow through the protein channel, ATP is made

PRODUCTS

1. Energy is absorbed from sunlight by chlorophyll- Electrons enter E.T.C.

OxygenReleased as waste

Photosystem

IIP

hotosystem I

NADPH

ATP

H2O

LIGHT -DEPENDENTREACTIONS

Sunlight

Sunlight


Light-Dependent Reactions Order Game

•In pairs, put the Light-Dependent Reactions in order

1st 3 groups: Gets a treat!!!!

Please close notebooks…..


Video

• Light Dependent Reactions


•Topic: 4.2/4.3 Photosynthesis: Light Independent Reactions


Explain the relationship between light-dependent and the light-independent reactions.


Explain the relationship between light-dependent and the light-independent reactions.

4.2/4.3 Photosynthesis: Light Independent Reactions


– The energy from both NADPH and ATP is used to make sugars during light-independent reactions.

Light-Dependent Reactions


• The light-independent reactions use energy from light-dependent reactions to make sugars.

– takes place in the stroma

– needs 6 CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) from atmosphere

– uses light-Dependent ATP/NADPH (energy) to build a sugar molecule which stores some of the energy that was captured from sunlightLI

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Calvin Cycle


The energy from the light dependent reactions is used for a series of reactions called the Calvin Cycle.

Calvin Cycle: uses carbon dioxide CO2 gas from the atmosphere and the energy carried by ATP and NADPH to make simple sugars.

1 6-carbon

sugar made


– 1. a CO2CO2 molecule is added to a 5-carbon molecule 5-carbon molecule already in the Calvin Cycle.

– A 6-carbon molecule6-carbon molecule is formed

1.

+


– 2. ATPATP and NADPHNADPH are used to split the six-carbon molecules

– Two 3-Carbon molecules 3-Carbon molecules are formed

2.

+


– 3. Most of the 3-Carbon molecules stay in the Calvin Cycle– One high energy 3-Carbon molecule 3-Carbon molecule leaves the cycle for

every 3 CO2 molecules that enter the cycle (3 turns)– After two leave (6 turns), they bond together, forming a 6-6-

Carbon sugar moleculeCarbon sugar molecule

3.

+

This one has been waiting…


– 4. Energy from ATP ATP is used to change the remaining 3-carbon molecules 3-carbon molecules back into 5-carbon molecules5-carbon molecules– These will be added to CO2CO2 and the cycle continues…

3.

+

This one has been waiting…


Calvin Cycle

1.

2.

3.

4.

Draw/label on pg. 44


Video

• Calvin Cycle



Light-dependent reactions capture energy from sunlight and produces oxygen as a byproduct.

Light-independent reactions use energy from the light-dependent reactions to make sugars.

ATP NADPH


Video

• Photosynthesis in Detail


Key: Glucose (sugar) Light Dependent Light IndependentSunlight Thylakoid Chloroplast Calvin CycleH2O CO2 O2 Stroma Photosystem I Photosystem ll

….Reactants…..

….Products…..


….Reactants…..

….Products…..

Light Dependent Light Independent

Glucose

Sunlight

Thylakoid

Chloroplast

Calvin Cycle

H2O CO2

O2

Stroma

Photosystem ll

Photosystem I

Documents

4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis Video Eyewitness Plant Watch video and answer the questions