40818774 Participation and Motivation

8/8/2019 40818774 Participation and Motivation

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Participation and MotivationParticipation and Motivation

Presentation at the 2008 NWRI Retreat,Presentation at the 2008 NWRI Retreat,

DokoDoko International Hotel,International Hotel, MinnaMinna on 11on 11--13 March, 2008.13 March, 2008.

Alhaji Sule Dauda,National Water Resources Institute, Kaduna


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Structural and AdministrativeStructural and Administrative

ReformsReforms

Aim of this Retreat is to chart way of reforming andrefocusing Institute structurally and administratively.

Why do organizations embark on such reforms?

- Look into bad division of labour- Streamline organizational structures

- Address bureaucratic red-tapism

- Engender espirit-de-corp

- Deal with over-establishment

- Deal with laxity and indiscipline in service

- Loosen undue confidentiality.


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Motivate StaffMotivate Staff

Motivation: Latin movere driving force.

Berelson Inner state that energises, activates or moves, and thatdirects or channels behaviour toward goals.

How can public servants be motivated for higher productivity?

- Monetary reward

- Training

- Recognition of efforts

- Proper working environment

- Fair conditions of service

- Square Pegs in Square Holes

- Participation- Avoid sins of Public Administration


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Motivate Staff (cont)Motivate Staff (cont)

Avoid sins of Public Administration

- inability to set target,

- refusal to prioritise,- belief in big is great

- failure to do pilot study to test newidea

- refusal to learn from experience

- not knowing when to fold-up


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Motivate Staff (cont..)Motivate Staff (cont..)

Theories of Motivation:

- Fredrick Taylor: The economic man.

Mechanistic: Do more, earn

more philosophy.

- Doughlas McGregor: Theory X, Theory Y.

Worker Participation.

- Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of needs(physiological, safety, social,

esteem, self- actualisation)


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Motivate Staff (cont)Motivate Staff (cont)

- Fredrick Herzberg: Hygiene Theory (working

conditions, job content,

recognition, quality of

supervision)

- Victor Vroom: Various reasons (expend

energy, status, interraction,develop skill, financial)


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Participative ManagementParticipative Management

Participation is a system in which subordinates areinvolved in making decisions with guidance from theirsuperiors Lowen

Participation is Management by Agreement, Should be

noted, however, that the overall conduct of theorganization rests in the hands of the managementwithout confrontation with rival system of representation.

In case of Institute, participation entails the involvementof staff (junior and senior, academic and non-academic,Union and associations, all interest groups) in one formof decision-making or the other.


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Participative Mgt (cont)Participative Mgt (cont)

Onus of involving staff rests on all managementstaff, not only the Chief Executive. The DDs,HODs, HOUs must seek opinons of their

underlings and hold meetings with themregularly.

One effective participatory concept is MBO

managing with the objectives of the

organization in mind. HODs and HOUs mustmeet subordinates to design objectives, setperformance standards, define assessmentmethod for work done.


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Committee SystemCommittee System

Committee is essentially the same as Board,

Commission, Team, Task Force.

Committee may be classified as authoritative or

information collaters; statutory or advisory;formal or informal; executive, standing, adhoc,

joint or permanent. It is a formally constituted

body of persons which is collectively assigned

management functions in place of an individual.


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Committee System (cont)Committee System (cont)

Merits of CS

- Organization gains from group deliberation andjudgement

- Prevent concentration of authority in a single person

- Enables representation of interest groups within theorganization

- Helps in the coordination of plans and execution ofprograms

- Good forum for instant transmission of information,decision

- Motivation of staff through participation in decision-making


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Committee System (cont..)Committee System (cont..)

Demerits of CS

- Expensive

- Time-consuming

- Atimes, encourages compromise, leading tounanimity

- Urgent issues suffer adjournments and thusneglect

- Encourages tyranny of the minority;individual dominance

- Splits responsibility over members. Feel lessaccountable


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Psychological Effect of CommitteePsychological Effect of Committee

System, Participation andSystem, Participation and

Teamwork on Institutes StaffTeamwork on Institutes Staff- Facilitate involvement in management

- Engender staff loyalty and commitment

- Increase a sense of belonging and

commitment

- Increase sense of collective responsibility

- Increase sense of family, peace and

harmonious interraction.


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40818774 Participation and Motivation