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4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system
What are the structures of the
endocrine system?
Gland: an organ that produces & secretes hormones
Thyroid Gland Pituitary Gland
Thymus Gland Adrenal Glands
Pineal Gland Gonads Pancreas4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system
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4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system
Gland-
-any organ that produces a secretion called hormones
-ductless
-only act on target organ cells(which immediately cause a reponse in the body)
4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system
3
The Pituitary Gland
The Master Gland
Size of a grape
Located at the base of the brain
4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system
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The Pituitary GlandThe pituitary gland and its hormones
Anterior lobe:1.Growth Hormone: fat for energy
2.Prolactin Hormone: production of milk after birth in female breast tissue
3.TSH: growth and secretion of thyroid gland
4.ACTH: growth and secretion of adrenal cortex
5.FSH: estrogen in females and sperm in males
6.Luteinizing Hormone: progesterone in women & testosterone in man
Posterior lobe:1.Vasopressin: antidiuretic hormone
2.Oxytocin: released in childbirth to contract the uterus
4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system
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Thyroid Gland
Butterfly shaped
Located in the anterior neck on either side of the larynx, over the trachea
(Thyroxine) Controls metabolism, protein synthesis (helps tissue growth), breakdown of liver glycogen into glucose
Produces calcitonin: prevents hypercalcemia in blood
4.03 Remember the structures of the
endocrine system6
Parathyroid Glands
Four glands
Size of a grain of rice
Attached to the posterior thyroids
Increases number of osteoclast that invades hard bone; digests calcium in the bone & release it into the blood stream
Antagonistic to the thyroid gland
4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system
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Thymus GlandServes both the endocrine system and the lymphatic system
Located under the sternum
Large during childhood but atrophy with age.
Makes T-lymphocytes critical to the immune system
4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system
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Adrenal GlandThere are two adrenal glands.
One is located on top of each kidney.
Cortex – outside Corticoids: anti-inflammatory hormones
Mineralcorticoids: hormone works on kidney functioning
Glucocorticoids: conversion of protein and fats to glycogen in the liver & breakdown of glycogen into glucose
Sex Hormones
Medulla – insideEpinephrine (adrenaline) fight or flight
4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system
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Gonads
Sex glands
Testes (male)
Sperm and Testosterone
Development of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characterisitics
4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system
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Gonads
Sex glands:
Ovaries (female)
Estrogen and progesterone
4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system
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PancreasLocated behind the stomach
Both an endocrine and exocrine gland
The endocrine portion is the Islets of Langerhans (produce insulin)
Lack of insulin inhibits glucose to be utilized effectively which contributes to diabetes
4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system
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Pineal Gland
In third ventricle of brain
Produces Melatonin (stimulated by nerves in the brain from the optic
nerve)
Increase light passage from optic nerve less melatonin made
Darker more melatonin production
Prostaglandin
Produced in various tissues
Named Prostaglandins because they were originally thought to be produced in the prostate