4 Poster Presentation - · PDF fileAbstract Book innc.conf.2012 92 Preconcentration of Lead from Aqueous Solution with Activated Carbon Cloth prior to Analysis by Flame Atomic Absorption

Abstract Book innc.conf.2012

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POSTER PRESENTATIONS


92

Preconcentration of Lead from Aqueous Solution with Activated Carbon

Cloth prior to Analysis by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry: A

Multivariate study

Faheem Shahabc, Mustafa Soylaka, Tasneem Gul Kazib

aErciyes University, Fen Fakultesi, Department of Chemistry, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey bNational Centre of Excellence in Analytical chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro

cInternational Islamic University, Islamabad

Abstract:

In this work, the preconcentration of lead (Pb) from aqueous solution was investigated on activated carbon cloth (ACC) prior to analyzing by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

(FAAS). Surface morphology of ACC was studied with scanning electron microscopy and adsorption capacity was determined by batch adsorption experiments. Pb was complexed with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridilazo)-5-(diethylamino)phenol (5-Br-PADAP) and adsorbed on ACC. Dilute HNO3 was used for elution. To evaluate the effects of several variables at once, Plackett–Burman experimental design was used as a multivariate strategy. Important variables affecting the

adsorption and preconcentration such as pH, ligand concentration, eluent concentration and volume, and flow rate were investigated. No obvious negative effect of coexistent ions was observed on the determination of Pb. Validation was carried out by determining Pb in BCR 144R

Sewage sludge of domestic origin as certified reference material.

Bridged Polysilsesquioxanes Nanoparticles for Controlled Drug Delivery and

for Effective Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water

Fozia Rehman, Claudio Airoldi, Pedro L.O. Volpe State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Institute of chemistry

Abstract:

Amine functionalized bridged polysilsesquioxanes were prepared and characterized by

Nitrogen adsorption, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Small Angle Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy and Infra Red. The functionalized materials showed ordered structure and incorporation of organic groups on its surface and were successfully applied for the controlled

release of Ibuprofen and sodium salt of Ibuprofen. The adsorption capability of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated by using a water soluble anionic dye Reactive Blue. The adsorption data shows that the functionalized materials bridged with triethylenetetramine and functionalized with tetraethlyenepentamine shows a highest selective adsorption capacity of anionic dye, Reactive blue as compared with unmodified mesoporous silica. The results suggest that

fictionalization of inorganic surface of mesoporous silica could be a simple and suitable method for controlled drug delivery and for the effective and selective removal of organic pollutants from

water.


93

Thermally Treated Bimetallic Pt3Mo2/C Electrocatalyst as Co Tolerant

Anode for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC)

Ayaz Hassan, Valdecir A. Paganin and Edson A. Ticianelli Departamento de Físico Química, Instituto de Quıímica de Sao Carlos, Universidade de São

Paulo, Caixa Postal 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

Abstract:

Bimetallic carbon supported PtMo (60:40) catalysts were used for anodes of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The catalysts were prepared by formic acid reduction

method and subjected to thermal treatment at several temperatures. The materials were characterized by temperature programmed reduction (TPR) analysis and x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Fuel cell polarization measurements were carried out with the single cell at 85 0C using

O2 and either pure hydrogen or mixture of hydrogen with 100 ppm CO (H2/CO). The electrochemical behavior of the materials was characterized with the help of cyclic voltammetry performed in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) arrangement. The stabilities of the electrocatalysts were also investigated by performing cyclic voltammetry of anodes up to 5000 cycles in installment of 1000 cycles at scan rate of 50 mV s-1. Our results show that bimetallic

PtMo/C electrocatalysts are apparently unstable and suffer from the gradual loss of Mo due to its dissolution and passes from anode to cathode side. The thermally heated PtMo/C electrocatalyst showed an enhanced electrocatalytic activity, greater stability and greater CO tolerance (presented

an overpotential loss of 100 mV at 1 A cm-2) as compared to untreated PtMo/C.

Indoor Radon Levels in Different Cities of Pakistan

Mian Sayed1, Hassan M Khan2 1 Federal Government College Mardan KPK, Pakistan

2National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar Pakistan

Abstract: Solid states Nuclear track detector (SSNTD), are used world wide for the measurements

of indoor radon levels, and its lungs cancer assessment risk, in the population. In the present study, solid state Nuclear track detector were used for the measurement of

indoor, radon level in randomly selected dwellings in different cities such as Peshawar, Mardan and Bannu area of the province of KPK, Pakistan. The track detectors were later on collected, etched in NaOH solution & scanned at the

laboratory of PIEAS, Islamabad Pakistan. The average values of radon concentration level in the above mentioned cities were found to be

41.2±8.3 Bq.m–3, 29.7±7.4Bq.m–3 and 35.2 ± 9.2 Bq.m–3 respectively. The data indicates that the indoor radon level concentration in the city of Peshawar is greater than other cities of the same province. However it is less than the average values for other cities of the

world as reported in the literature.


94

Novel Package for Inhibition of Aluminium Corrosion in Alkaline Solutions

Hussam El Desouky a,* , Hisham.A.Aboeldahab a

a Chemistry Department, University College at Makkah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, P.O.

Box 2064, Al-Aziziah 21955, Saudi Arabia

Abstract:

Inhibition of aluminium corrosion in 2M sodium hydroxide solution by a package

composed of the cationic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and lupine seed extract has been investigated employing different electrochemical techniques and chemical

gasometry measurements. Potentiodynamic polarization curve measurements showed that lupine seed extract controls both the anodic dissolution of aluminium and the hydrogen gas evolved at

the cathodic sites of aluminium surface. Nyquist plots showed two capacitive semicircles in the high and low frequency regions separated by an inductive loop at intermediate frequencies. The inductive loop may be explained by the occurrence of adsorbed intermediates on the surface. A

proposed equivalent circuit was used to analyse the impedance spectra for aluminium in NaOH solutions. The corrosion inhibition data have been analysed using different isotherms. The results showed excellent agreement between the kinetic–thermodynamic model and Flory–Huggins isotherm. Gasometry measurements showed that the Inhibitive effect of the surfactant increases at a composition around its critical micelle concentration (cmc). The presence ofboth the surfactant

and lupine seed extract did not indicate synergistic action between them. The mode of adsorption

of the surfactant molecules corresponding to their structure is also discussed.

Fabrication of Ethanol Chemi-Sensor Based on Solvothermally Prepared

Ni-doped SnO2 Nanomaterials

Mohammed M. Rahmana,b*, Sher Bahadar Khana,b, Abdullah M. Asiria,b, Khalid A. Al-Amryb

aCenter of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University,

Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, KSA and bChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, KSA

Abstract:

Due to potential applications of semiconductor nanomaterials and the key advantages of

preparation in cost-effective and environmental concerns, a significant effort has been made for development of Ni-doped SnO2 nanomaterials using reducing agents by solvothermal method at

room conditions. The structural, elemental, morphological, and optical properties of the low-

dimensional (average diameter, ∼52.4 nm) doped materials were demonstrated using UV/visible spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy etc. The calcined doped material is an

attractive nanoparticle for achievement in chemical sensing by simple I-V technique, where toxic ethanol is used as a target analyte. Thin-film of Ni-doped SnO2 nanomaterials with conducting

coating binders on silver electrodes (surface area, 0.0216 cm2) revealed higher sensitivity, lower detection limit, large dynamic range, linearity, and repeatability. The calibration plot is linear

over the large dynamic range (1.0 nM to 1.0 mM), where the sensitivity is approximately ∼2.3148

µAcm-2mM-1 with a detection limit of ∼0.6 nM, based on signal/noise ratio in short response time. As a result, based on the sensitive communication among structures, morphologies, and properties, it was exemplified that the morphologies and the optical characteristics can be extended to a large scale in doping semiconductor nanomaterials and proficient chemi-sensors

applications.


95

New Perspectives in Biomass-Based Nanofillers for Polypropylene

Composites

S.M.L. Rosa, N. Rehman, T. Taflick, C.I.D. Bica, S.M.B. Nachtigall, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil

Abstract:

Bio-based polymers and biocomposites are a relatively new and growing market in light of recent societal concerns including dwindling petroleum reserves and environmental issues. Cellulose is a classical example where the reinforcing elements exist as whisker-like microfibrils that are biosynthesized and deposited in a continuous manner. The Brazilian rice production has

been in the order of 12 million tons/year and Rio Grande do Sul (the southernmost state of Brazil) is responsible for 60% of this production.

In this study we used polypropylene (PP, an apolar polymer) and cellulose nanowhiskers

from rice husk (WHRH, a polar material) to produce polymer nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. To improve the dispersion of the fillers in the polymer matrix

interfacial agents such as surfactants and silanes were added. Films obtained by solvent casting from xylene were investigated by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), and Termogravimetric Analisys

(TGA). In the linear region above the glass-rubber transition, the dynamic-mechanical properties were found to be enhanced in some nanocomposites as compared to the neat polypropylene matrix. The potential of using TGA to evaluate cellulose nanofiber-filled thermoplastic polymers was also investigated and it was found that increasing the amount of filler caused increase in the

thermal stability of products. However, the surface of the films observed at the scanning electron microscope did not show transparency but some WHRH domains, which may indicate a certain

level of agglomeration.

Innovative Chemi-Sensor and Active Photo-Catalyst Based on Nano-

Materials

Sher Bahadar Khan*1,2, Mohammed M. Rahman1,2, Abdullah M. Asiri1,2, Khalid Al-Amry2

1The Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia,

2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah

21589, Saudi Arabia

Abstract:

Smart and professional chemi-sensors have been fabricated, utilizing metal oxide based nano-structures as a redox mediator synthesized by low temperature stirring and hydrothermal

methods. The fictitious chemi-sensors based on metal oxide nano-structures displayed good sensitivity with lower detection limit in short response time (10.0 sec) using I-V technique. The

morphology of the metal oxide nano-structures were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy which revealed that synthesized product is composed of nano-structures which are grown in high density. X-ray diffraction has confirmed that the grown nano-structures consist of well crystalline structures. The structures of the metal oxide nano-structures were also confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy while the optical properties were

evaluated by UV-vis spectra. Metal oxide nano-structures were also applied as photo-catalyst for the degradation of various hazardous materials and were found to be active UV and photo-catalysts.


96

Degradation of Crystal Violet Dye by Advance Oxidation Techniques

in Water

Faiza Rehman*, Hasan Mahmood Khan

Radiation Chemistry Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Peshawar Pakistan

Abstract:

Advance oxidation processes, like gamma rays and UV-radiation, have been applied for degradation of crystal violet (CV) dye in textile wastewater. A Co-60 gamma ray irradiator was

used that was calibrated with Fricke dosimetry. Low pressure Pen Ray mercury lamp was used as a source of UV-radiation that was calibrated using potassium ferrioxalate actinometry. The

absorption changes in solution were determined spectrophotometrically. The pre-irradiation stability of CV was studied and found stable for at least six weeks at different environmental conditions of temperature and light. The dye was subjected to gamma irradiation and degradation

was investigated in aerated, deaerated and in presence of nitrous oxide, ethanol, tertiary-butanol and 2-propanol. Almost 96 % degradation was achieved for 3.5× 10-5 M CV by using radiation

dose of 1600 Gy as shown in Fig. 1. Dose constant, G-values, D50, D90, D99 values were calculated. Degradation of CV solution by UV- radiation and UV/H2O2 were also investigated and it was found out that for 13 minutes photolysis of 3.5× 10-5 M CV solution and for 3 minutes UV/H2O2 photolysis of 3.5× 10-5 M CV solution, degradation upto 75 % and 92% respectively can be achieved. The present study revealed that advance oxidation processes, like gamma ray

and UV-radiation, are very promising for degradation of organic dye pollutants in water.

Farmanol: A New Dammarane Methoxytriterpenediol from

Nepeta suavis

Farman Ullah Khan*a, Ihsan Ullah Khand and Javid Hussainb,c

aDepartment of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu-28100, Pakistan bDepartment of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat-26000, Pakistan

cDepartment of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Oman

dDepartment of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan

Abstract:

Farmanol, a new dammarane methoxy triterpene diol (1), was isolated from the chloroform soluble portion of the whole plant of Nepeta suavis Stapf. In addition, the known

pentacyclic triterpene, 2ɑ-acetoxy-3ß-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (2), and the diterpene nepetanoic acid (3) have been isolated for the first time from this species. The structure of the new compound (1) was determined by comprehensive analysis of its 1D (1H and 13C NMR) and 2D NMR (COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) spectra, and HREIMSl data.


97

Investigation of Hydrogen Evolution on Stainless Steel Electrodes Coated

with Nickel and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for On-demand Applications

Syed Khurram Raza, May Ho Yan Wong, Tsz Yan Ho, Pui Chi Mo, Seenivasagam Ravichandran and Poopathy Kathirgamanathan

Wolfson Centre, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK

Absract:

Hydrogen is regarded as an ideal energy carrier. Low cost production of hydrogen is essential for commercialisation of hydrogen fuel cells. One of the most promising methods of

producing hydrogen is electrolysis of water using a variety of energy sources such as solar, geothermal, hydroelectric and nuclear energy. Alkaline water electrolysis represents one of the

best choices for hydrogen production since it has been well established over a century. In order to make the water electrolysis more efficient and economical, the reduction of cell voltage is key. Various catalysts, such as Raney nickel and nickel –molybdenum alloys, misch metal (Ni3.6 Co0.75

Mn0.4 Al0.27) and Ti2Ni, have been extensively studied as possible cathode materials to reduce the cell voltage and to improve the efficiency.

The paper presents our investigation into the efficiency of hydrogen evolution reaction at stainless steel electrodes (316) and compares the performance on nickel coated (electroplated Ni) and ZnO spin-coated (sol-gel method) stainless steel electrodes in an alkaline electrolyser (KOH, 5-30%) using cyclic voltammetry and the measurement of gas evolved on 1 cm 2 electrodes (mini-

cell) and 48 cm2 electrodes (maxi-cell).

Activity of Cefotaxime Sodium and Cefoperazone Sodium Drugs and

Phytochemical Combinations against Micro-organisms 1Shahzad Murtaza, *1Aadil Abbas, 2Tariq Mahmud, 2Rabia Rehman*, 1Saima Shamim

1Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, 50700 Gujrat. Pakistan 2Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria

Abstract:

Among the emerging classes of antibiotics, Cephalosporins have been in lime light throughout the last decade. Consisting of many generations; the cephalosporins are well known for their broad spectrum of activity against many gram positive and gram negative microorganisms, either used alone or in combination with other antibiotic classes. But the

combination of two cephalosporins has never been checked yet. In this research work, two cephalosporins; Cefotaxime sodium and Cefoperazone sodium were tested in combination with

each other and also in combination with honey against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6528). Increase in activity of these drugs in combination was observed in case of E. coli. Antagonistic effects were

predominant in these drug combinations; however the combination of drug with honey resulted in dominant additive effect.


98

Comparision of Calcium and Magnesium Electrolytes in Certified Mineral

Water Bottles and Underground Water

Abdul Haleem Panhwar*, Tasneem Gul Kazi, Hassan Imran Afridi National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan

Abstract:

Magnesium, which together with calcium is the main determinant of water hardness, may protect against different diseases. The possible association between the risk of different physiological disorders and the levels of calcium and magnesium (Ca2+ and Mg2+) in drinking

water was investigated with respect to healthy referent. The magnesium and calcium levels in drinking water of mineral water samples of different certified companies and underground water

in different areas of Sindh, Pakistan will be evaluated. The physicochemical parameters of drinking water will be investigated, conductivity, total dissolved solids and pH, potassium, and sodium. The electrolytes such as the Ca2+ and Mg2+ determined by the flame atomic absorption

and also with the classical methods. Comparison were made between mineral water samples and

underground water.

Removal of Acid Blue from Aqueous Solutions on Waste Banana Peel-bound

Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles

Anjum, Jasmin Shah and M.Rasul Jan

Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

Abstract:

An agriculture waste banana peel was treated with iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles for

removal of acid blue 93 dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of acid blue dye was studied in batch at different experimental conditions like pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, dye

concentration and temperature. The adsorption was found to be pH dependent and maximum adsorption was found at pH 5. In aqueous solution at room temperature, the adsorption data could be fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of (Qo) 333.33

mg/g. The adsorption process was endothermic with an enthalpy change (∆H°) of 12.5 KJ/mol at 90°C. The rates of adsorption confirmed the pseudo-second-order kinetics with good correlation

value (r2=1.00). The adsorbed acid blue 93 could be easily desorbed with methanol. The method was also applied for synthetic textile dye effluent in column. The results indicated that waste banana peel-bound iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles could be effectively used for the removal of

acid blue 93 from aqueous solutions.


99

Significance of Mordents on Cotton Dying with Turmeric Rhizome’s Extact

Syeda Khadija Fatima, Shuakat Ali and Anum Sahar

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad

Abstract:

Plants are a source of an incredible range of colors. Plants provide a ready source of coloring agents for clothes and papers. Today natural colorants are emerging globally and now days a new interest is developing in the use of natural dyes as compared to synthetic dyes that are

toxic and nondegradeable, as the public become more environmentally aware and concerned about pollution. The natural dye selected for this research work was extracted from dried and finely ground rhizomes of turmeric. Curcumin is one of the most and the brightest of the naturally

occurring yellow dyes. It is extracted from the fresh or dried rhizomes of turmeric. The purpose of this research work is to evaluate the turmeric powder as natural yellow dye stuff. The work

divided in to 3 steps; extraction, mordanting and final evaluation of the dyed material. The dyed material which used was cotton. For dyeing of cotton, different concentrations of mordants at different temperature conditions were used; the exhaustion was increased by using salt of sodium

sulphate. The amount of dye taken by the cotton depends upon the temperature of dyeing as well as mordant concentration. Different properties like color fastness, washing fastness and rubbing

fastness were evaluated for the dye stuffs. From qualitative assessment of the dye extracted from the turmeric rhizomes, it is evident that turmeric dye can safely be used in the textile industries. So finally it is concluded that there is need to realize the importance of exploring the technology

on non toxic natural dyes in industrial technology for local and export market, because most of

the natural dyes are environmental friendly.

Purification and Electrophoretic (SDS-PAGE) Profile of Pistachio (pistachia

atlantica) Phospholipase-D

Ashif Sajjad1*, Sabeena Rizwan2. Ayesha Ubaid2, Dildar Ali1, Zahid Mehmood1

1Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan. Department of Chemistry, 2Sardar Bahadur Khan, Women University, Quetta, Pakistan

Abstract:

Phospholipase D (PLD) one of the important enzymes which plays vital role in signal transduction, responses to stress, protein trafficking, and membrane metabolism. PLD was

isolated and purified from Pistachio (pistachia atlantica) which is available at different locations in Balochistan. For the purification of PLD the technique hydrophobic affinity chromatography was applied by using octyl-sepharose. In the presence of calcium ions at 50 mM concentration the

enzyme was strongly bound with the octyl residue which was evident by no protein elution the first fraction. It was observed that when the calcium ions concentration was lowered to 30 mM the

loosely attached proteins to the octyl-sepharose were eluted in the second fraction. By removing all calcium ions with EDTA the PLD was released and eluted in the final fraction of the affinity column. The purified enzyme was found to be 75% pure, further the purity of PLD enzyme was

confirmed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) the purified fraction showed a single protein band with a mobility that corresponded to which shows an estimated molecular weight of 75 KDa.


100

Evaluation of Clematis Graveolens as a Theurapeutic Agent

Asma Mushtaqa, Nasir Rasoola, Rasool Bakhsh Tareend Muhammad Zubaira, Muhammad Riaza,

Muhammad Farmanc, Komal Rizwana, Muhammad Shahidb, Mazhar Abbasb aDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan

bDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan

cDepartment of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan dDepartment of Botany University of Balochistan Quetta, Pakistan

Abstract:

Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and a substantial number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources. Contrary to the synthetic drugs, antimicrobials of plant origin are not associated with many side effects and have an enormous

therapeutic potential to heal many infectious diseases based on their use in traditional medicines. Natural plant products are biodegradable, exhibit structural diversity and complexity and rarely

contain halogenated atoms. Plants generally produce many secondary metabolites which constitute an important source of microbicides, pesticides and many pharmaceutical drugs. There is an urgent need of proper and systematic investigation of plant in order to study

pharmacologically active ingredients, in view of the profound importance of plants as remedy for diseases, research work on Clematis graveolens was a part of such investigations to study its

ability as a theurapeutic agent as there was limited information published on the biological activities of this plant. It belonged to the family Ranunculaceae. Different activities were carried

out. Different fractions were taken by solvent extraction method and their toxicity and antimicrobial activity were determined. The presences of phenolics were also analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites were carried out.

GC/MS analyses of n-hexane soluble fractions were done.

Studies on the Bioactivities of Organic Extract from Different Indigenous

Mushrooms

Asma Noshad and Mudassar Iqbal Dept. of Agricultural Chemistry, KPK Agricultural University Peshawar,

Abstract:

This study was carried out to examined the biological potencies of organic extracts of two species of edible mushrooms i.e. Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus florida. The Fruiting body and mycillium of both species of Pleuorotus were extracted with ethyl acetate and was screened for its cytotxic, insecticidal activity, antifungal and antibectiral activities. The extracts

from fruiting body and mycillium of Pleurotus ostreatus were 100 % effective against A. salina, at 50 ppm after an hour while no cytototoxicity was shown against Artemia salina by both fuiting body and mycillium extract of Pleurotus florida even up to 300 ppm after 3 hours. For

insecticidal test both extracts from Pleurotus ostretus were above 80% effective at 40 ppm. Appreciable antifugal activity was also observed. Purification of crude extracts from all the

samples were carried out using preparative TLC. All the results will be discussed in detail in the conference.


101

Isolation and Qualitative Assessment of Capsicum Annum from

Suitable Sources

Atif Ali*1,2, Abdul Rauf Raza2, Abdul Hamid1, Asghar Ali2, 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan

2 Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

Abstract:

Spices are frequently used ingredients in the daily cuisines. Chilli peppers are popular spice which enhances flavor and aroma of food stuffs. The quality of chillies was studied during

present study. Some branded, non-branded and self-grounded powder from raw chillies was used to assess their quality. Physical testing parameters were included color, odor, taste and texture of

capsicum annum powders of various origins as listed above. Proximate composition, pungency rating and capsaicin content of samples were studied to evaluate their quality with respect to their chemical composition. Proximate composition (moisture, ash, fiber etc) was determined to the

nutritional purposes. Pungency rating was determined that the branded samples were more pungent and non-branded sample was least pungent sample. The pungent principle of capsicum is

capsaicin. Capsaicin was detected and evaluated by using spectrophotometer. Capsaicin causes

the hotness of chillies

Synthesis by Co-precipitation and Studies of Nickel Cobalt Ferrites

Ayesha Tubassum1, Yasir Jamil*1, Muhammad Raza Ahmad1, Hashim Farooq1, Asma Farooq1 and Munawar Iqbal2

1Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

The aim of this research work was to study the influence of thermal treatment on the structural properties of Co0.5Ni0.5 Fe2O4. Chemical co precipitation method was used for the

synthesis of Cobalt Nickel ferrite nanoparticals. The temperature of the thermal treatment was 5000C for all samples & time was 1-5 hours. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) techniques were used to confirm the spinel structure. The particle size s was

calculated with the help of Debye-Scherrer’s equation which was estimated in the rang 24-46 nanometers. The Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the particles were of uniform

shape and size distribution was narrow. The magnetic properties revealed that time for thermal treatment enhances the coercivity of the samples.


102

Preparation of High Specific Volume Solution of 99m

Tc-pertechnetate for

Radiopharmaceuticals

Tanveer Hussain Bokhari1*, Mushtaq Ahmad2, Saira Hina3, Faheem Askari Rizvi1**, Iftikhar Hussain Bukhari1, Muhammad Shafiq1

1Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2Isotope Production Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, P.O. Nilore,

Islamabad, Pakistan 3Department of Bioinformatic and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad

Abstract:

The concentration of 99mTc is dependent upon the specific activity of 99Mo. Due to the

high content of inactive molybdenum in neutron irradiated MoO3, large columns containing large

adsorbent such as aluminum oxide or gel are needed to set up (n,γ) based 99Mo→99mTc

chromatographic generator. The result is large elution volumes containing relatively high 99Mo contents and low concentrations of 99mTc. This decrease in radioactive concentration or specific volume of 99mTc confines the clinical procedures such as99mTc-HMPAO for brain imaging, 99mTc-DTPA for lung ventilation, 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-tetrafosmin for myocardial perfusion studies.

We report post elution concentration of 99mTc using lead cation exchange and tiny alumina column. Using these columns high bolus volumes (10-60 mL saline) of 99mTc can easily be

concentrated in 1 mL of isotonic saline. This approach also works very successfully to prepare high specific volume solutions of 99mTc-pertechnetate for radiopharmaceuticals.

Labelling of Doxorubicin with Technetium-99m:

A potential Tumor Imaging Agent

1Faheem Askari Rizvi*, 1Tanveer Hussain Bokhari**, 2Samina Roohi, 2Mushtaq Ahmad, 3Saira Hina

1Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan 2Isotope Production Division, PINSTECH P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan

3Deartment of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad

Abstract:

Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antineoplastic and one of the most potent and widely

used drugs in clinical oncology. It is used in the treatment of a wide variety of cancers. The aim of our study was the direct labeling of doxorubicin with technetium-99m and the optimization, characterization, quality control and biodistributional and scintigraphic studies of the radiolabelled doxorubicin. For labeling purpose, stannous chloride was used as reducing agent and the complex was formed at pH 6-7 by using doxorubicin, quality control was carried out by

paper chromatography, Whatmann paper no. 3 was used as stationary phase and acetone as mobile phase for the determination of free pertechnetate, while for labeled compound, the

Whatmann paper no. 2 was used as stationary phase and tetrahydrofurane as mobile phase. The labeled compound was prepared at pH 6-7 and stannous chloride was taken 10-12 µg as reducing agent, the ligand concentration was 100-300 µg and incubation time was 4-5 hours. All the

experiments were performed at room temperature at 25ºC ± 2ºC. The characterization of the labeling compound was performed by HPLC and Electrophoresis. Best results were obtained at


103

pH 6-7, 10-12 µg stannous chloride and 4-5 hours incubation time. At this optimization we obtain radiolabelling >95% with 5% colloid and 5% free. Electrophoresis indicates that doxorubicin has no charge and HPLC provide information about percentage purity at suitable UV range. The

biodistribution and scintigraphic studies were performed using normal animals (rats and rabbits). We have performed the direct labeling of doxorubicin with technetium-99m and labeling was

>95% which was stable till 4-5 hours. The biodistribution and scintigraphic results indicates that

it may be a good tumor imaging agent.

Removal of Hazardous Dye Congo Red Through Photocatalytic Degradation

Fatima Khitab, Jasmin Shah, M.Rasul Jan Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

Abstract:

Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) prepared by simple co-precipitation method were used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of Congo red. The degradation performance of the nanoparticles as a catalyst for removing Congo red from aqueous solution was studied and compared to titanium oxide photocatalyst. The parameters like time, amount of photocatalyst, concentration of electron acceptor (H2O2) and pH were studied. At the optimum dosage of

magnetic nanoparticles (0.06 g) with 4 mmol of H2O2 at pH 4 significant photocatalytic degradation of Congo red (93.2%) in aqueous solution was observed. Kinetic models, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order reveals that the photocatalytic degradation followed pseudo-second-order kinetic (r2=0.9972) for the removal of Congo red in aqueous solution. The

degradation study was also compared with titanium dioxide photocatalyst and the results show

maximum degradation of Congo red with magnetic nanoparticles as a photocatalyst.

Solid State Bioprocessing for the Production of Glucoamylase from

Neurospora Sitophila

Fatima Syed 1, Khurshid Ali 1, M. Javaid Asad 2, Zahid Khan 1 1Institute of Chemical Science University of Peshawar

2PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi

Abstract:

Glucoamylase is one of the oldest and extensively explored biocatalyst in food industry.

It hydrolyses single glucose units from the non reducing ends of amylose and amylopectin in a stepwise manner, an indispensable substrate for a series of industries, like beverage, food, detergent, textile, paper and medicine. In current investigation, production of Glucoamylase was carried out using solid state fermentation by Neurospora Sitophila. Various physical and chemical

parameters for production of enzyme were optimized. Different substrates like wheat bran, corn cobs, rice straw, tea waste, and orange peel were studied to optimize the best substrate. Wheat bran showed the highest enzyme activity. The maximum enzyme activity for wheat bran was at incubation time of 24 h, incubation temperature 35oC, moisture content of solid substrate 80%, pH of 5.5, and the ratio of salt solution to weight of substrate were optimized. The effect of

different organic and inorganic nitrogen additives like yeast extract, peptone ,casein, urea, ammonium chloride ,ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and different carbon sources like glucose ,fructose, maltose ,starch and lactose were also optimized.


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Temperature Dependent Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ce3+

Substituted Co-based Ferrite Nanoparticles

Ghulam Mustafa1, Misbah ul Islam1 and Yasir Jamil*2, Hashim Farooq2 and Munawar Iqbal3

1Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakaria University Multan, Pakistan; 2Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

Co-Cr-Ce-ferrite nanoparticles having average diameters ranging from 31 to 38 nm have

been synthesized using wet chemical technique. The annealing effect in the temperature range 700oC to 900oC on the particles has been investigated using SEM, EDX, TGA/DTA, XRD, FTIR,

and VSM. The FTIR spectra and XRD analysis confirm the single phase of synthesized materials. The results have revealed that the addition of Ce 3+ affects the crystallite size of the samples. The lattice parameters, X-ray density, Bulk-density and porosity were calculated from XRD

measurements. The hysteresis loops obtained at room temperature indicate that the saturation magnetization decreases gradually with increasing Ce content, while the coercivity is related to

the microstructure of Ce-doped samples.

A Thermal Study and Structural Behaviourof Nanocomposites of Poly (vinyl

alcohol) with Carbon Nanotubes

1Mohammad Saleem Khan and 1Gulfam Nasar 1Polymer Lab, NationalCenter of Excellence in Physical Chemistry,

University of Peshawar, Pakistan

Abstract:

Polymer composites have gained a great deal of importance and reputation during the

past few decades. The climax being nanocomposites, have further achieved highest level of popularity. Nanocomposites are ruling the material assemblage in all walks of life, since they have a vast scope of applicability and utility. Among the nanocomposites, nanocomposites of

carbon nanotubes have a greater tendency of utilization in various applications. XRD and thermal properties of nanocomposites determine important properties. These properties can be used to

figure out the possible applications of the nanocomposites. Nanocomposites of carbon nanotubesare most likely to be used as antistatic or conductive materialsand mechanically reinforced materials most commonly. In the present study nanocomposites of PVA have been prepared with carbon nanocomposites and their properties are studied. For this purpose two characterization techniques were chosen. XRD and thermal properties were studied. It was found

that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was enhanced with the increase of CNT weight percent. This is the outcome of inter-facial interactions of both the components of the nanocomposite. Similarly XRD study suggests the decrease in the crystalline character with incorporation of the CNT in the nanocomposites.


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Combined DFT and Semi-Empirical Study of Poly(o-phenylenediamine)

Oligomers

Habib Ullah, Anwar-ul-Haq Ali Shah, Salma Bilal and Khurshid Ayub* Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

Abstract:

Density Functional Theory (DFT) and semi empirical calculations have been performed to gain insight into the structure of poly (o-phenylinediamine) (POPD). Both reported structures of POPD, ladder (L) and polyaniline (P) like, are investigated theoretically through oligomers

approach. The simulated vibrational properties of 4POPD(L) and 4POPD(P) at DFT-B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory along with their assignments are correlated with experimental frequencies.

Vibrational spectra show characteristic peaks for both POPD(L) and POPD(P) structures. The excited state properties such as Band gap, Ionization Potential, Electron Affinities, HOMO-LUMO energies of POPD(L) and POPD(P) from monomer upto five repeating units strongly

suggest the POPD(L) as the predominant structure. UV-Vis spectra, although simulated with semi empirical methods, are also supporting to the ladder like structure. Comparison of the calculated

data with the experimental one strongly suggests that the predominant species is the ladder like

however, existence of small amount of POPD(P) can be excluded safely.

Chemical Composition, Nutritional Evaluation and Biological Potentials of

Selected Edible Plants

Hamayun Khan1,*, Mohammad Imran2, Syed Aleem Jan2 and Asfandyar Khan2

1Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar-25120, Pakistan 2Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Pakistan

Abstract:

The aim of the present work was to characterize the unconventional edible plants of Pakistan and to provide a scientific data for their standardization and base-line values for nutritional and biological importance. In the current study, eight unconventional edible plant

species namely, Chenopodium murale, Eruca sativa, Goldbachia laevigata, Malcolmia africana, Malva neglecta, Medicago polymorpha, Melilotus officinalis and Nasturtium officinale were

collected from Peshawar areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The plants were analyzed for proximate composition, mineral contents, nutritional and anti-nutritional components and total antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Vitamin B and C, and oxalic acid and phytic acid were present in variable quantities. Mineral analysis showed the presence of Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb and Cd. High levels of Ca and Mg was found in C. murale, phosphorous in M.

officinalis, while M. polymorpha showed higher quantities of the rest of the metals among all the studies plants. High phenolic contents were recorded in M. polymorpha. The total antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of the methanolic extract of all the plant species were concentration dependent which also showed good antimicrobial activity against different bacterial strains. The present study revealed that the studied plants could be the potential sources of balance

diet with significant biological potential.


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Adsorption of Acrylic Acid from Aqueous Solutions onto Pure and Acid

Modified Alumina

Hamayun Khan1,*, Iqbal Hussain2, Khalid Saeed3 and Khushdil Khan1

1Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar-25120, Pakistan 2Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat-26000, Pakistan

3Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), Pakistan

Abstract:

Acrylic acid is one of the well-known monomer to various industries. It is a colorless

liquid with acrid order, irritant and corrosive to skin, eyes and respiratory system. The present study deals with the adsorption of acrylic acid from aqueous solutions onto pure and acid

modified alumina. The acid modified alumina was obtained by chemical treatment of the pure alumina with HCl. The alumina was characterized using various analytical techniques. NSP using BET method was applied for the evaluation of surface properties. The surface morphology was

studied by FE-SEM and the functional groups were determined by FT-IR spectroscopy. The PZC was also determined and was found to be 5.56 and 6.40 for the pure and HCl modified alumina,

respectively. The adsorption of acrylic acid was studied as a function of adsorption time, pH and temperature. pH 4.5 was found to be an optimal pH, which is very close to the pKa for acrylic

acid. In the range of 20 to 50 oC, temperature did not affect the adsorption of acrylic acid. At the optimal pH and temperature, the maximum amount of acrylic acid adsorbed on pure alumina was

532.4±6 µmol/g after 60-72 h of adsorption while in case of HCl treated alumina, its value was 471.3±18 µmol/g just after 12-18 h. The possible mechanism for the adsorption of acrylic acid on

alumina has also been deduced. The results will be presented and discussed in relation to the

possible applications for the removal of acrylic acid from samples of environmental importance.

Chemical Composition, Nutritional Evaluation and Biological Potentials of

Scandix pecten-veneris Leaves

Hamayun Khan1,*, Mohammad Imran2 and Rabia Shaheen2 1Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar-25120, Pakistan

2Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Pakistan

Abstract:

The aim of the present work was to determine the chemical composition, nutritional value and biological potentials of Scandix pecten-veneris; the unconventional edible plant of Pakistan. The Scandix pecten-veneris commonly known as Shepherd’s needle, which belongs to

order; Apiales ad family; Apiaceae (Carrot family). In the present study, S. pecten-veneris leaves were assessed for chemical composition, nutritional value, anti-nutritional constituents and

biological potentials. It was found that the S. pecten-veneris leaves contain sufficient quantities of moisture, ash, lipid, fiber, protein, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals with the computed energy

of 417.42±15.53 kcal/100 g dry weight (DW). Among the anti-nutritional components, oxalic acid (0.225±0.02% DW) and phytic acid (0.025±0.00% DW) were also found. The Scandix pecten-veneris leaves were extracted with various solvents (water, methanol, n-butanol, ethyl acetate and

chloroform) and all the crude extract showed adequate quantities of total phenols. These extracts also showed good total antioxidant, DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power activities.


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Regarding the antimicrobial bioassay; the S. pecten-veneris leaves showed highest to moderate activity against the studied microbial strains. The present study revealed that the S. pecten-veneris leaves could be the potential sources of balance diet with significant biological potentials. The

current research work will provide a scientific data for the standardization of unconventional edible plants of Pakistan and will also provide base-line values for their nutritional and biological

importance.

Coupled Transport of Zn2+

from Spent Daniell Cells and Dry Cells Through

tri-n-dodecylamine –xylene–polypropylene Supported Liquid Membranes

Hanif Ur Rehman, Saeed Ur Rehman, Gul Akhtar Institute of Chemical Sciences University of Peshawar

Abstract:

Zinc (II) has been transported from feed into strip solution via tri-n-dodecylamine-xylene-Polypropylene supported liquid membrane (SLM). The transport of Zn(II) has been

found to be dependent on different parameters such as concentration of H+ in feed solution, tri-n-dodecylamine (TDDA) concentration in membrane phase, stripping phase composition and membrane thickness. The optimized conditions are obtained for Zn(II) transport with

HCl in feed solution, TDDA in xylene, in membrane phase and with NaOH(aq) in stripping phase. The stoichiometry of the complex was calculated from the flux data of Zn (II) transport

across the membrane. The complex responsible for the transport of Zn (II) has been investigated to be (LH)n.ZnCl2+n. Recovery of more than 98% of Zn has been observed from feed solution at

optimized conditions. Stability of this SLM system has been studied and found stable for 120 h.

Structural and Dielectric Properties of Co-precipitated Zinc Ferrite

Nanoparticles

Hashim Farooq1, Muhammad Raza Ahmad1, Yasir Jamil1*, Abdul Hafeez2, Muhammad Anwar3, Munawar Iqbal4

1Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2Government Elementary Teachers Training College, Samanabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

3Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan 4Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

Nanosized zinc ferrite spinel powders of various compositions were reproducibly

synthesized via coprecipitation technique using metal chlorides precursors with base aqueous solution and effects of variation of digestion temperature on the structure and dielectric were studied. Structural, compositional and phase properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction

technique. Crystallite size was found in the range of 4.4-15nm. Particle size, Lattice constant, X-ray density, bulk density, Specific Surface Area and Porosity were determined. X-ray diffraction

results demonstrated the pure normal spinel structure. Responses of Capacitance and Dielectric constant were studied at 300K in the frequency range of 600Hz to 1MHz by LCR meter and both showed the exponential decay with increasing frequency.


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Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Studies of Sophora mollis (Himalayan

Laburnum)

Humera Irama, Nasir Rasoola, Muhammad Zubaira, Muhammad Riaza, Komal Rizwana, Shafqat Alic, Muhammad Shahidb

aDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan bDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad

cDepartment of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan

Abstract:

Plants have played essential link between mankind and environment. Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and a substantial number of modern drugs have

been isolated from natural sources, many based on their use in traditional medicines. Since ancient times, man has used plants to treat common infectious diseases and some of these

traditional medicines are still included as part of the habitual treatment of various maladies. Converse to synthetic drugs, plants are used as antimicrobial agents to heal many infectious diseases because have very little side effects. There is an urgent need of proper and systematic

investigation of plant in order to isolate pharmacologically active ingredients, in view of the profound importance of plants as remedy for diseases. Present research work is a part of such investigations on Sophora mollis. It belongs to the family Papilionaceae. Different fractions were taken by solvent extraction method. The basic purpose of this study was to evaluate the

antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of plant extract and fractions. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites was carried out. The presences of phenolics were also analyzed

by HPLC and LC-MS. GC-MS analysis of n-hexane soluble fractions was done.

Indirect Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Methamidophos

Insecticide in Soil, Water and Vegetable Samples

Ibadat Ur Rehman *, Jasmin Shah, M.Rasul Jan and Mian Muhammad Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

Abstract:

A simple and rapid indirect spectrophotometric method for determination of

methamidophos in water, soil and vegetable samples has been described. Methamidophos reacts with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) in alkaline media. The resultant adduct undergoes

condensation reaction in acidic medium forming a yellow colored product. Absorbance of the product was measured at 405 nm. The Beer’s law range for the proposed method is 1-30 µg mL-1

with molar absorptivity of 2.8 × 103 L mol-1 Cm-1. The limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated and found to be 0.2 ± 0.03 and 0.6 ± 0.04 µg mL-1 respectively. The proposed method was effectively applied for determination of methamidophos in various samples with % recoveries in the range of 96.5 ± 0.078 to 102.3 ± 0.057 %.


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Determination of Lead and Cadmium Level in Different Brands of Talcum

Powder by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Ghana Rehmana, Iftikhar H. Bukhari*a, Amna Khalida, Muhammad Shahidb, Nasir Rasoola, Muhammad Riaza


Abstract:

Toxicity of heavy metals to humans is due to long term low or high exposure to pollutants present in our environment including in air, water, food etc. Apart from these,

numerous consumer products like talcum powder is a source of heavy metal exposure to human beings. Samples of different brands of talcum powder were collected from local market. Powder samples were digested by HNO3 and H2O2. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for

the determination of toxic metals e.g. lead and cadmium. The concentration of lead and cadmium were found within the safe limits as recommended by the World Health Organization.

Effect of Circulation Levels of Heavy Toxic Metals on Nutritional Status – A

Food Safety Study

*Ihsanullah, **Touseef Rehan, *Aurang Zeb, **Nusrat Shaheen, *Tariq Nawaz Khattak *Food Science Division, Nuclear Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA), Tarnab,

Peshawar, Pakistan **Department Of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan

Abstract:

Heavy metals are important toxicants known to exert adverse effects in humans and animals, given sufficient exposure and accumulation in the body. This has a great concern both at personal and public health risk. Heavy metals are also known to interact with the essential trace

minerals at the level of absorption and also during the metabolism. The main objective of this study was to determine the mutual interaction between nutritional status and heavy metals

circulation. After finding the BMI of 50 participants of this study at Ayub teaching hospital Abbottabad, Food frequency questionnaires were distributed among all the subjects to find out their daily intake of nutrients. Then blood samples of 2 ml were taken from all the participants.

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) model Perkin Elmer series 600-800 was used with Win lab 32 software packages for the analysis of six heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Zn, Cr, Cu, Cd) in

these blood samples. The frequency distribution chart for BMI shows that maximum people are overweight (25-30 BMI). Our frequency distribution chart for blood heavy metals concentration shows that maximum people have elevated levels of Cd, Cr and Ni, while are Zn and Cu deficient. Pb concentration is in safe level. BMI has a significant negative correlation with Pb, Cr and Cu. Zn and Cr show a significant positive correlation with age while Cu shows a significant

positive correlation with age. Pb, Ni and Cd have no significant correlation with age. Among the 3 age groups, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd are present in highest amounts in adolescents (12-18 years), while Zn and Cr are present in highest amounts in adults. Average concentration of all the six heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Cd) was found greater in females than males. Some dietary components showed a significant positive correlation with heavy metals circulation level and

some showed a negative correlation. The toxicity of heavy metals can be alleviated through nutritional management. It is concluded from this study that problem of heavy metal toxicity is

preventable not only through environmental intervention but also through nutritional management.


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Degradation of Azo Dye Yellow F3R by Advanced Oxidation Process

Munawar Iqbal1, Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti1*, T. H. Bokhari2 and Muhammad Zahid1

1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan 2Department of Chemistry, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

Yellow F3R is widely used dye in textile industries. To date, various techniques, such as adsorption onto wheat bran or chitosan, photocatalysis with TiO2 and purification by

combined membrane filtration, have been reported to remove this dye form wastewater. However, decolorization is not a correct solution for wastewater treatment. The advanced oxidation process has advantages over all existing technologies due to its degradation and

mineralization efficiency. In present study, the aqueous solutions of Yellow F3R were irradiated to UV (40 watt, 254 nm) in the presence of H2O2 and degradation was evaluated

using spectrophotometric analysis. The dye degradation was influenced by multi-parameters like hydrogen peroxide percentage, time of UV irradiation, pH and shaking speed. These experimental variables were optimized to obtain maximum dye degradation. The optimal

design in combination with response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of factor levels. The optimized values of various factors such as dye concentration, H2O2

percentage, UV irradiation time, pH and shaking speed were found to be 100 ppm, 5%, 1 h, 3 and 100 rpm, respectively. Moreover, multivariate analysis through RSM was found very effective for the deduction of stationary point (the point where maximum degradation was

observed) and 100% dye degradation was achieved at optimized conditions.

Adsorption of Pb2+

From Wastewater using Rose Waste Biomass

Inam Ullaha, Muhammad Asif Hanifa, Tariq Mahmood Ansarib, Abida Mahmoodb

aDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad bDepartment of Environmental Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

Lead is often found in wastewater from many industries. Organo-metallics are particularly difficult to treat since the lead is not free to form a precipitate. For organo-metallic

lead, treatability studies were done to determine the effectiveness of rose waste biomass for lead adsorption. In the present study, effect of pH, biosorbent dose, initial metal concentration,

sorption time and competing metal ions (Na+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Cr6+) on removal of Pb2+ in batch experiments was evaluated. Surfactant treatment of rose waste biomass increased its Pb2+

sorption ability significantly. Maximum of Pb2+ adsorbed by rose waste biomass was 102 mg/g at pH 4.5. The overall adsorption process was best described by pseudo 2nd order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Desorption using sulfuric acid recovered 94.05 % Pb2+ from rose

waste biomass.


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Fatty acid Composition of Monotheca buxifolia by Gas Chromatography

Mass Spectrometery

Iqbal Hussain1*, Riaz Ullah1, Haider Zaman1, Hamayun Khan2, Shabir Ahmed1, 1Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Kohat,

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan 2Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar

Abstract: The Monotheca buxifolia leaves oil constituents of methyl ester derivatives of fatty acids

were analyzed applying Gas Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer. The results obtained containing the saturated as well as unsaturated fatty acids of M. buxifolia leaves oils. A total of 13

different components were identified and quantified. Methyl ester of Lenolenic acid was found in high concentration 4.07%, among the identified analytes of interest. In addition methyl ester of Octadecanoic acid 1.77%, methyl ester of Palmitic acid 1.19%,. Concentration of the rest of

identified fatty acids analytes were less between 0.01% to 0.70. Thus from the results it is apparent that due to the presence of valuable analytes detected in the fatty acid of M. buxifolia

leaves oils, has increased its importance for the consumption in the pharmaceuticals as well as its

applications in the new formulations for different health purposes

Grafting of Poly (Sodium Styrenesulfonate) onto Gold Surface from

NaNO3 Solution

Iram Bibi and Mohammad Siddiq* Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan

Abstract:

The chemical grafting of thiol terminated poly (sodium styrenesulfonate) (HS-PSSS)

chains from sodium nitrate (NaNO3) salt solution to a gold surface was investigated with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) in different salt concentrations. It was found that at low salt concentration grafting density of HS-PSSS was low and the grafted chains

adopted a mushroom conformation. With the increase of salt concentration polyelectrolyte chains underwent a transition toward coiled state due to reduction of electrostatic repulsion and as a

result more chains were grafted on the surface. When the grafting density reached a certain limit after which further grafting caused repulsion between already grafted HS-PSSS chains and as a result grafted chains adopted a brush conformation.


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Apparent Solubility of Ibuprofen in Various Drugs Delivery Vehicles

Irfan Ullah*, Musa Kaleem Baloch, Gulrez Fatima Durrani, Imran Ullah1

*Department of Chemistry, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan 29050. 1Agriculture Research Institute Ratta Kulachi, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan 29050

Abstract:

The solubility of Ibuprofen, a propionic acid derivative drug belongs to NSAIDs family was determined in DDAPS micellar solution, DDAPS/Butanol mixtures and in oil-in-water

microemulsions having hydrocarbons (Hexane, Decane and Tetradecane) as oil phase. It has been observed that microemulsions have highest ability to solubilize Ibuprofen than DDAPS/Butanol mixture and DDAPS micelles. The refractometry, viscometry and light scattering studies were

made in order to measure the aggregation number, size and flow ability of micellar solutions and microemulsions.

Cytotoxicity Studies, Antioxidant Activity, HPLC, LC-MS and GC-MS

Analysis of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum)

Kashif Hussaina, Nasir Rasoola*, Muhammad Zubaira, Muhammad Riaza, Komal Rizwana,

Shehzad Ali Shahid Chathab, Muhammad Usmana, Tanveer Hussain Bokharia aDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan

bDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan cDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture,

Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan

Abstract:

The Linum usitatissimum seeds methanolic extract and various fractions were analyzed for their antioxidant activities. The Linum usitatissimum seeds were extracted with absolute methanol and further fractionated were done by solvent-solvent extraction method with the order of increasing polarity based absolute solvents i.e. chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, n-

hexane. The cytotoxicity of the plant extract and fractions were assayed against human blood erythrocytes (RBCs). The extract of Linum usitatissimum seeds and fractions contained valuable amount of total flavonoid contents and total phenolics content as analyzed by

spectrophotometrically. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity and inhibition linoleic acid peroxidation were shown by (Linseed) seeds extracts were also analyzed. The GC-MS analysis of

Linum usitatissimum n-hexane extract revealed the presence of several compounds. The present study results have shown vital variations in the antioxidant activities of Linum usitatissimum seeds extract and various fractions.


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Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Utilization of

Green Analytical Method

Kausar Rajar*, Sirajuddin, Aamna Balouch National Centre of Excellence in Analytical chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro

Abstract:

In the recent years, nanoparticles within the size range of 60-80 nm have become an area of extensive research and concern due to their potential application in wide areas of science and technology. The aim of present work is to conduct research for developing novel greener method

for synthesis of zinc-NP with better properties improved functionality and lower cost as compared to existing ones. The size of ZnO particles are reduced by optimizing the reaction conditions. The

formation of nanoparticles was monitored by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The spectrophotometric study exposed the formation of Zinc Oxide nanopartícles by exciting the typical surface plasmon absorption maxima at 270-290 nm from the UV–Vis spectrum. Further

confirmation, morphology and average size of nanoparticles obtained by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform spectrophotometer (FTIR). X-ray Diffractometry (XRD)

reflected the crystalline patterns of ZnO NPs.

Preparation and Properties of SWNTs/Poly (Butylene Terephthalate)

Khalid Saeed, Ibrahim

Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), Pakistan

Abstract:

The pure poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and functionalized Single-walled Carbon nanotubes (F-SWNTs)/PBT nanocomposites films were prepared via solution casting technique. The SWNTs was purification/functionalized by acid (nitric acid) treatment, which also introduced

the –COOH functional groups at the ends of SWNTs. The effects of F-SWNTs on PBT were studied by using various types of instruments like scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermo

gravimetric analyzer (TGA), polarized optical microscopy (POM), universal testing machine (UTM). The SEM analyses showed that the SWNTs were embedded and also dispersed well within the PBT polymeric materials. The mechanical properties of the PBT were improved by the

incorporation of F-SWNTs composites. The POM micrographs of pure PBT showed considerable size of distinct crystalline spherulites, which were by the incorporation of F-SWNTs into the

polymer matrix. The decreased in pherulites size might be due to the nucleation effect of nanotubes. The TGA thermograms also showed that the thermal stabilities of PBT were improved by the addition of F-SWNTs.


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Preparation, Morphology, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of

MWNT/Polyethylene Oxide

Khalid Saeed1, Hamayn Khan2, Nauman Ali 1Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), Pakistan

2Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan 3Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

Abstract:

The Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (F-MWNTs) filled Polyethylene

oxide (PEO) nanocomposites were prepared by casting technique. The MWNTs were functionalized by Friedel-Crafts acylation, which introduced aromatic amine groups on the side

wallof nanotubes. The SEM micrograph of F-MWNT/PEO nanocomposites fractured surfaces indicated that the F-MWNTs were dispersed well within the PEO matrix. The POM study presented that the neat PEO upon crystallization showed considerable size of crystalline

spherulites. The size of spherulites were decreased by the incorporation of F-MWNTs into the polymer matrix, which might be due to the nucleation role of F-MWNTs in F-MWNT/PEO

composite. The DSC analyses showed that the melting temperature (Tm) peak was shifted towards slightly lower temperature when F-MWNTs were added in the PEO matrix. It was also observed that the thermal stabilities of pure PEO was shifted towards higher temperature when F-MWNT

was incorporated into the polymer matrix.

Protein mediated Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles

Khizra Bano*, Z. M. Khalid and Ayesha Ihsan * Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic

Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science with enormously increasing applications

in all scientific areas. Different applications include utilization of nanoparticles in biological systems, as a mean of drug delivery, diagnosis etc. With the passage of time, development of some ecofriendly and biologically stable method for

synthesis of metal nanoparticles is becoming important to boost their safe usage in biological systems especially and all other fields in general. Decreased use of chemicals and more

dependence on pre existing biological sources is the need of hour and use of proteins is an important finding in this context. It was noticed that under certain conditions, some proteins produce metal nanoclusters

and some proteins generate metal nanoparticles. To explore this fact, present study was conducted to probe out the conditions under which lipase helps in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. The

current study was chemically benign and particles were generated using green synthetic methodology. Synthesized nanoparticles were then characterized and analyzed using various techniques like UV- Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Transmission Electron

Microscopy. First of all, pH and temperature were adjusted. It was observed that temperature changes produced monodispersed, spherical nanoparticles and pH changes showed a diversity of results according to UV-Vis spectral analysis. At lower pH, (pH 3), nanoparticles formed were larger and


115

exhibited a variety of morphology including spherical, octagonal, hexagonal triangular particles. At pH 7, although shapes observed had much less variety with most being spherical, size was very large and at pH 12, nanoparticles were very much smaller in size (6-20 nm) and presented

spherical morphology. Results from all of the techniques used for characterization were in

accordance with each other.

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hybrid

Microgels with Different Cross-Linker Contents.

Luqman Ali Shah, Sayed Mujtaba Shah and Mohammad Siddiq

Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad

Abstract:

Four compositions of thermo sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) polymer microgels

were synthesized with different cross-linking contents by free radical emulsion polymerization. Hybrid gels were synthesized by reducing silver ions inside the polymer chains by using NaBH4

as reducing agent. Effect of temperature and cross-linking density on the size of the microgel particles was studied. Variation in size and volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) by the introduction of silver nanoparticles in microgels was also investigated. It was found that the size

of the microgel particles decreases with increasing temperature. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to confirm the presence of different functional groups in the microgels system. Dynamic Laser Light

Scattering (DLLS) was used to determine the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of the microgel particles at different temperatures. The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) behavior of the hybrid gels was

investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy.

Synthesis, Characterization, Pharmacological and DNA Binding Studies of

Mannich base Derivatives of Benzimidazole and their La(III) and Ce(III)

Complexes

M. Imran Department of Chemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

Abstract:

A series of novel Mannich base derivatives of Benzimidazole and their La(III) and Ce(III) complexes have been prepared and characterized by Elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR, 13C

NMR, Mass, TGA, UV-vis, conductivity and magnetic measurements. Benzimidazole derivatives and their metal complexes then screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and for in vitro antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium expansum, Rhizopus nigricans, Trichoderna lignorum and Botrydepladia thiobromine. The results of these studies revealed that

all the compounds and their metal complexes showed significant antibacterial and antifungal potency. Brine shrimp bioassay was also carried out for in vitro cytotoxic properties against

Artemia salina. The interactions of the synthesized compounds and their metal complexes with DNA have been investigated by Spectroscopic studies. Experimental spectral results suggest DNA binding with complex via an intercalative mode.


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Anion Exchange Removal of Chromate by Fe2O3 Nanopowder

M.Muska*, A. Naeem , N.Zeb

National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar. Jinnah College for Women, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, N.W.F.P, Pakistan

Abstract:

The adsorption of Cr (VI) on Fe2O3 nanopowder was studied by varying contact time, concentration, temperature, pH and dosage of the adsorbent. The sorption capacities of the Fe2O3

was substantially increased by increasing concentration and temperature of the system while a decrease in the Cr (VI) uptake was observed with increasing both the dosage of the sorbent and pH of the system. The anion exchange sorption data was well interpreted by applying the

Langmuir isotherm as compared to D.R. model. The experimental kinetics results were found to be well fitted to the Langergren pseudo first order equation. The higher value of ∆S suggests the

spontaneous nature of chromate adsorption onto Fe2O3 nanopowder.

Finger Printing Technique for the Detection of Pesticide Residues in

Vegetables

Mahwish Jamil a Farah Azhar a, Altaf Hussaina, Rafique Asi b, Iftikhar Hussain Bukhari c, Nasir Rasoola, M. Riaz a, Asma Mushtaq a

aDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan bFood Toxicology Lab, Plant Production Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology

(NIAB), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan

Abstract:

Vegetables were analyzed for the detection of pesticides, hexa-chloro-cyclohexane (HCH), Endosulfan and dichloro-diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT). A simple, quick, inexpensive, finger printing technique coupled with chromatographic studies were evaluated for the estimation of pesticide residues in vegetables through the development of green, Prussian blue colors and

yellow colors in the sunlight correspondingly. In field, fresh vegetables were cut into about 2 cm thick slices and the moist cut end was pressed against chromogenic paper (filter paper impregnated with an o-tolidine solution). Later on, the paper was exposed to bright sunlight. If the

residue level was quite higher, then the spots appeared at once and rather slowly at lower concentrations. This technique did not require any apparatus, tools, clean-up methods or practical

employees. The major pesticide recoveries for various vegetables were > 70%. Instrumental analysis was carried out by Thin Liquid Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The studies for the detection of organochlorine (OC) pesticides

provided information of maximum residual level (MRL) regulated by WHO/FAO in different vegetables varieties. The basic purpose of this study was to assess on spot methodology for the

exposure of organochlorine (OC) pesticides in vegetables. Finger printing technique proved to be a useful tool for detecting on spot the quality of the farm produce.


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Spectroscopic Determination of Pharmaceutical Compounds having

Guanidino Group by Derivatization

Malik Alamgir, Muhammad Yar Khuhawar, Saima Memon Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan

Abstract:

Guanidino compounds are involved in the urea and guanidine cycle and some of these

are reported to be uremic toxins. The guanidino group is basic in nature and these compounds are

usually ionized in vivo. Guanidino group has two secondary amine NH2 groups and Imine group. There are a number of compounds having a guanidino group and are pharmaceutically important

drugs. Metformin is used in treatment of type 2 diabetes and it improves hepatic and peripheral time sensitivity to insulin without the problem of serious lactic acidosis. Derivatization is process in which a reagent reacts to certain compound and forms the derivative which can be study in

spectroscopic techniques. Dervitization procedure is useful to enhance sensitivity or selectivity and can be achieved by a specific detection, such as fluorescence or absorption in the visible light,

at a high wavelength. Dervitization is particularly important for trace analyses of complex biological samples. Dervitization can be improved by using different devertizing agents. Benzoin used as derivatizing agent as Benzoin is an organic compound with the molecular formula C14H12O2 ( M.W 211 g/mol).It is a hydroxy ketone attached to two phenyl groups Wave length (lambda max) of Benzoin reported is 247 nm.

Optimized conditions obtained for derivatization which enhances molar absorbitivity from 2407 to 65740, and R2 0.997,which shows the formation of Chromhore at lambda maximum

(274nm).Melting point (m.p) of derivative is 186-188˚C.FTIR spectroscopy shows the sharp change at the region of 2200 -2000 cm-1 which indicates the cyanate(C N). Mass spectrometry also gives the molecular peak ion at m/z 305 and base peak at m/z105 Drug Analysis (Glucophage

and Metphage) in Pharmaceutical preparations which contain Metformin HCl show the coefficient of variance(C.V) and Relative standard deviation 0.92.0.86 and -3.2 to 1.7

respectively.Hence present work is a mile stone to develop a sensitive and cheaper separation method of HPLC for guanidino compounds in pharmaceutical drugs and this method can be useful for pharmaceutical industry as well as for the clinical uses in different hospitals and

research institutes.

Synthesis of 99m

TcN-Clinafloxacin Dithiocarbamate Complex and

Comparative Radiobiological Evaluation in Staphylococcus aureus Infected

Mice.

Syed QaiserShaha,*, Mohammad RafiullahKhanb, Mamoona Alama, Ghiasuddinb aCenter for Nuclear and Molecular Studies (CNMS), University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK

bPhyotopharmaceutical&Neutraceuticals Research Laboratory (PNRL), University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

Abstract:

Clinafloxacin dithiocarbamate (CNND) preparation and radiolabeling through [99mTc≡N]2+ core with the gamma (γ) emitter (99mTc) was assessed. The potentiality of the


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99mTcV≡N-CNND complex was investigated as perspectiveStaphylococcus aureus (S.a.)in vivo infection radiotracer in terms of radiochemical stability in Normal Saline (N.S.), Human Serum (H.S.), binding efficacy withalive and heat killed S.a. and biodistribution in Female Nude Mice

Model (FNMD). More than 90 % stability was observed in N.S. for 4 h with a highest yield of 98.70 ± 0.26 % at 30 min after reconstitution. In H.S. the 99mTcV≡N-CNND complex was found

stable up to 16 h with 15.35 % side products. Maximum in vitro binding (68.75 ± 0.80 %, 90 min) with S.a. was observed after 90 min of incubation. In FNMD (infected with live strain) approximately six fold higher uptakes was noted in the infected to inflamed and normal muscles.

The higher stability in N.S., H.S., higher S.a. (live) up take with specific and targeted in vivo distribution confirmed potentiality of the 99mTcV≡N-CNND complex as perspective S.a.in vivo

infection radiotracer.

Improvement of Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Li ion Battery

Cathode Material by Doping with Rare Earths

Maryam Iftekhar*, Safeer Ahmed Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan

Abstract:

The electrochemical performance of cathode materials for Li ion batteries can be greatly enhanced by inducing structural stability to the material. There are several ways to bring this structural stability to the material, impurity doping being one of them. We have attempted to

enhance electrochemical performance by rare earth doping. The doped LiCoO2 cathode materials for lithium ion batteries were synthesized by a modified pechini process. The effect of rare earth

substitution on the structural, electrochemical and thermal properties of the cathode materials are investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), charge–discharge cycling, cyclic voltammogram

(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments. XRD analysis indicates that the synthesized powders exhibit a single phase layered structure. SEM images indicate homogeneous particles with hexagonal shape. The cycle stabilities of doped and undoped LiCoO2 were compared at various charge–discharge rates. The doped materials show enhanced electrochemical properties in comparison to the undoped sample. The improved cycle stability

may be the result of the expanded inter-slab distance, which enhances Li-ion mobility during charge/discharge processes. The impedance spectra indicate a decrease in the charge transfer resistance on doping which ensures better efficiency. These cathodes could act as useful

candidates for Li ion batteries.


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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Studies of different Parts of Malcolmia

africana (African Mustard)

Maryam Riaza, Syed Tanveer Hussain Bokharia, Nasir Rasoola, Muhammad Zubaira, Muhammad Riaza, Saira Hinaa, Komal Rizwana, Muhammad Shahidc

aDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan bDepartment of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad

bDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad

Abstract:

Plants are known to be the richest source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The use of herbs and medicinal plants as the first medicines is a universal

phenomenon. Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and substantial numbers of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, many based on their use in traditional medicines. There is an urgent need of proper and systematic investigation of plant in

order to isolate pharmacologically active ingredients, in view of the profound importance of plants as remedy for diseases. The biological activities of plant extract such as antioxidant

activities, antimicrobial activities of Malcolmia africana (African mustard) were studied. It belongs to the family Brassicaceae. The selected plant was collected from indigenous to Pakistan. Different fractions were taken by solvent extraction method and their antimicrobial activities were determined. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites was carried out. The presences of phenolics were also analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS. GC-MS analysis of n-hexane

soluble fractions was done.

Screening of Selected Medicinal Plants for Secondary Metabolites

Mazhar Abbasa, Muhammad Shahida, Hafiz Muhammad Rehmana, Sumaira Sharifa, Muhammad Riazb, Aamna Khanc and Munawar Iqbala

a Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. b Department of Chemistry, Govt. College University Faisalabad.

c Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,

Lahore.

Abstract:

The traditional medicines involve the use of different plant extracts or the bioactive constituents. This type of study provides the health application at affordable cost. Secondary

metabolites are majorly responsible for medicinal and biological activities. In the present study phytochemical screening of some important medicinal plants viz. Ricinus communis, Croton

tiglium, and Datura innoxia, was carried out. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of powdered and extracts samples confirmed the presence of various phytochemicals like alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, phlobatanins, tannins and cardiac glycosides. The quantitative

analysis showed a appreciable amount of different phytocontituents. Results suggested that these phytochemicals can be used for curing various ailments. The present study is still underway to

purify some lead and novel secondary metabolite.


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Synthesis and Characterization of Completely Soluble Polypyrole Salts via

Inverse Emulsion Polymerization

Mohammad Sohaila, Anwar-ul-Haq Ali Shahb, Salma Bilala * aNational Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar

bInstitue of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar

Abstract:

Polypyrole (PPy) is one of the most promising candidates for possible technological applications. However, its insolubility in common organic solvents limits its range of

applications. In the present study an attempt has been made to synthesize soluble polypyrole salt via inverse polymerization pathway using benzoyl peroxide as oxidant and

dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) as dopant as well as a surfactant. A mixture of chloroform and 2-butanol was used as dispersion medium for the first time for the synthesis of polypyrole. The influence of synthesis parameters such as concentration of aniline, benzoyl peroxide and DBSA on the yield and other properties of the resulting PANI salt was studied. The synthesized PANI salt was found to be completely soluble in DMSO, DMF, chloroform and in a mixture of

toluene and 2-propanol. The synthesized polymer salt was also characterized with SEM, XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. The extent of doping of the PANI salt was determined from UV-Vis spectra. The activation energy for the degradation of the polymer was

calculated with the help of TGA.

Assessment of Hazard Associated with the Natural Radioactivity in Soil

Segment of Peshawar & Nowshera District of KPK

Muhammad Abid Zia, Hasan M. Khan

National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar Pakistan

Abstract:

Natural radioactivity in the soil samples of Peshawar and Nowshera districts of Khyber Pukhtoon Khuwa province of Pakistan were determined using gamma spectroscopy. The soil

samples were collected from different selected areas of the two districts and gamma spectroscopy was carried out using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector coupled with computer based high

resolution multichannel analyzer. The time duration for each sample was 28,000seconds. The net activities in soil sample have been reported in Bq/Kg. soil samples showed Th-232, Ra-226 Cs-137 along with K-40 and their activities were in the following range: Th-232(105±7.6 to 37.7±6.2 Bq/Kg), Ra-226(83.6±6.7 to 30.0±6.7Bq/Kg), Cs-137 (46.6±5.2 to 4.5±3.2Bq/Kg) and K-401297.0±109 to 373.6±79.9 Bq/Kg). The Ra eq activities calculated for all samples during the

current investigation is less than 370Bq/kg which means that did not pose any hazard to the general population.


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Synthesis, Structure Elucidation & Biological Activities of 2-Fluoro 5-Aryl

pyridines by Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling Reaction.

Muhammad Adeel, FazalElahi

Department of Chemistry, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan.

Abstract:

Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction is a new synthetic reaction of last decade of 20th century. It is widely used to synthesize Polyolefins, Styrenes, and substituted Biphenyls. N-Containing heterocyclic compounds due to their biological importance are synthesized on large

scale through this transition metal catalyzed reaction. Pyridine is heterocyclic aromatic specie. Pyridine and its derivatives are highly used as

pharmaceuticals and agricultural pesticides. 4,4´-Dialkyl-2,2´-bipyridinesand 2,2´,6´,2´´-terpyridinesare widely used as chelating agents. Transition metal complexes of these compounds are very important due to their chemical reactivity and photochemical properties. Pyridine can be

more activated when it is substituted with other aromatic rings. By using the novel approach of Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction number of

fluorinated Het-Aryl compounds are synthesized. These fluorinated arylated pyridines have shown excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities. Some of these fluorinated Het-Aryl compounds have shown great potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their formulation as medicine can be used to combat tuberculosis. Structures of these compounds are confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, EI-MS, IR,HR-MS and single crystal X-Ray Crystallography.

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activities and Cytotoxicity Studies of Various

Parts of Achillea wilhelmsii

Muhammad Asghara, Nasir Rasoola, Muhammad Zubaira, Muhammad Riaza, Komal Rizwana, Muhammad Farmanb, Athar Abbasic, Afsar Khand

aDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan bDepartment of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan

cDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan dDepartment of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060,

Pakistan

Abstract:

Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and a substantial number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, many based on their use in

traditional medicines. The various parts of Achillea wilhelmsii were extracted with absolute methanol and further fractionated by solvent-solvent extraction method with increasing polarity

based absolute solvents i.e. chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, n-hexane. The methanol extract of various parts of Achillea wilhelmsii and their fractions were analyzed for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The methanol extract and different fractions of various parts of Achillea wilhelmsii contained appreciable levels of total flavonoid contents and total phenolic contents. The DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power activity, ascorbic acid

activity and inhibition linoleic acid peroxidation were also analyzed. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites was carried out. The GC-MS analysis of Achillea wilhelmsii


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essential oil and n-hexane extract revealed the presence of several chemical constituents. LCMS analysis of plant also carried out to evaluate the presence of phenolics. HPLC analysis of chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction of various parts for total phenolics and flavonoids

also carried out. The plant extract and fractions were assessed against human blood erythrocytes for cytotoxic studies by haemolytic activity. The results of the present study have shown

significant variations in the antioxidant activities of various parts of Achillea wilhelmsii and their

fractions.

Structure Prediction and Molecular Docking of Transglutaminase-2

Muhammad Ashfaq Khan1, Zahid Khan2, Aftab Ahmad Khan2 , Ateeq Qureshi2

Department of Environmental Sciences ,COMSATS, Institute of information technology,

Abbottabad Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar

Abstract:

Transglutaminase family comprise of many members including Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) that catalyze thiol-and calcium dependent transamidation reactions. Transglutaminase has been involved in different physiological as well as pathological processes that include neuronal

growth and regeneration, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. Several TG2 structures have been resolved experimentally however these structures lack some of the residues. In the present study,

we have predicted the 3-dimensional structure of TG2 by homology modeling that also include the missing residues which were absent in the experimentally determined structures. The program MODELLER 9.10 was used for structure prediction. The predicted 3D structures of

transglutaminase-2 was evaluated by the software PROCHECK and ProSA The homology model was then used for screening small molecule libraries and a set of potential inhibitors was

identified.

Study on the Antioxidant Activity of Green Tea

Muhammad Awais Iqbal*1, 2M.R.S.A. Janjua2,Izhar-ul-Haque Khan1, Atif Ali2 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.

2 Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.

Abstract:

The tea plant, Camellia sinensis, is a member of the Theaceae family.Anti-oxidant activity of both varieties (Pakistani and Kinea) of Camellia sinensisusing DPPH assay were determined.DPPH Reagents and Standard BHA and Standard Ascorbic acid (Vit.C) were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of both varieties for their different concentrations like 0.2 mg/ml,

0.4 mg/ml, 0.6 mg/ml, 0.8 mg/ml and 1 mg / ml. It was found that % inhibition or DPPH value were increased when the concentration of the sample solutions were increased.However with the increase in concentration of antioxidant compound, the absorbance value on spectrophotometer

went on decreasing.% inhibition value of both varieties of Camellia sinensiswere compared with the % inhibition of standard BHA and standard Ascorbic acid.


123

Synthesis & Characterization of Antimony Nanoparticle Modified Activated

Carbon Electrodes for Heavy Metal Tracing

Muhammad Ayman Zaheer, Mobushir Majeed Sadiq, Bilal Nadir Khan, Aqeel Taimoor, Fazal Ahmed Khalid, Fida Muhammad

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology, Topi, Kpk, Pakistan

Abstract:

In this project, antimony nanoparticles were synthesized on an activated carbon substrate by pyrolysis method to fabricate electrodes that were used to detect cadmium .The SbCl3

precursor was impregnated on the activated carbon substrate and then pyrolysed at 600°C for in a vacuum environment .The electrode prepared were characterized using Scanning electron

microscope, X-Ray diffraction, Stripping voltammetry & Controlled potential columetry. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the dispersion and average size of the nanoparticles whereas the X-ray diffraction was used to reveal the compounds and elements that

are present in the electrodes. The SEM reveals that the antimony nanoparticles produced by carbothermal reduction showed a good homogeneous dispersion with an average nanoparticles

size of 27.3nm.The XRD showed the presence of Sb, Sb2O3 and Carbon. The electrodes were then tested using Stripping voltammetry in a 3 way electrode setup for detection of cadmium (II) whereas controlled potential columetry for the determination of the amount of antimony on the substrate per gram of activated carbon. The electrodes detection was optimized by changing the deposition potential , deposition time and PH of the solution .The detection done till now for

cadmium(II) is 9000ppb giving a detection limit of 1000ppb ,with 1.386 ppm of antimony per gram of activated carbon substrate , and with optimization reached at -1.4V, 200s and pH of 2.0

.The peak area ratio for antimony impregnated activated carbon substrate versus activated carbon only is 1.64.The electrodes showed good reproducibility towards the detection of cadmium(II)

ions.

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Studies of Various Parts of Matthiola Incana.

Muhammad Imrana, Matloob Ahmada, Nasir Rasoola, Muhammad Zubaira, Muhammad Riaza,

Komal Rizwana, Lubna Tahirb, Muhammad Athar Abbasic aDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan

bApplied Chemistry Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Lahore, Pakistan cDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan

Abstract:

Medicinal plants have served through ages as a constant source of medicaments for the

treatment of a variety of diseases. Large number of modern drugs has been isolated from natural sources, many based on their use in traditional medicines. There is an urgent need of proper and

systematic investigation of plants in order to study of pharmacologically active ingredients. Present research work is a part of such investigations on Matthiola incana. It belongs to the family Brassicaceae. The methanol extract of various parts of Matthiola incana and their fractions

were analyzed for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power activity, ascorbic acid activity and inhibition linoleic acid peroxidation were also analyzed. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites was carried out. The GC-MS analysis of Matthiola incana essential oil and n-hexane extract revealed the


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presence of several chemical constituents. LCMS analysis of plant also carried out to evaluate the presence of phenolics. HPLC analysis of chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction of various parts for total phenolics and flavonoids also carried out. The results of the present study

have shown significant variations in the antioxidant activities of various parts of Matthiola incana

and their fractions.

Biological and Phytochemical Studies of Verbascum Thapsus Extract and

Fractions

Muhammad Riaza, Nasir Rasoola*, Afsar Khand, Muhammad Zubaira, Komal Rizwana, Muhammad Farmanb, Athar Abbasic, Aziz-Ur-Rehmanc, Muhammad Akmal Khanc

aDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan bDepartment of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan

cDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan dDepartment of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad

01032

Abstract: Antioxidant and the cytotoxicity studies by haemolytic activity, protective effect on DNA and stabilization of sunflower oil by Verbascum thapsus (Scrophulariaceae) leaves extract

and various fractions were studied. The methanol extract was showed the most active antioxidant tested. The cytotoxicity studies by haemolytic activity against human blood erythrocytes assays

demonstrate a low cytotoxic effect of the methanol extract and its fractions from Verbascum thapsus leaves. Moreover, it was observed a protective effect of plant extract in H2O2 induced oxidative damage in plasmid pBR322 DNA shows that the plant has antioxidant properties. The

antioxidant activity of plant extract and fractions was also studied using sunflower oil as an oxidative substrate. The presence of phenolics was analyzed by LC-MS. The GC-MS of n-hexane

extract was carried out to analyze the presence of methyl ester/fatty acids. The results of present study revealed that Verbascum thapsus leaves may be used as a good source of natural antioxidants.

Chemical Composition and Biological Studies of Salsola montan

Muhammad Sajida, Nasir Rasoola, Rasool Bakhsh Tareenb, Muhammad Zubaira, Muhammad

Riaza, Komal Rizwana, Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haqc a Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan

b Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta- Pakistan cResearch Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of

Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan

Abstract:

Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and a substantial number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, many based on their use in traditional medicines. Present research work is a part of such investigations on Salsola montana. Different fractions were taken by solvent extraction method and their phytochemical and

biological analysis (antimicrobial and antioxidant) was carried out. Bioassay directed isolation was carried out by using column, flash and high performance liquid chromatography techniques;


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the bioactive fractions was purified. During the course of this work, compounds whether new or known, was subjected to detailed structural studies using modern spectroscopic techniques like Infra red (IR), Ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) spectroscopy, Mass spectroscopy and 1D, 2D NMR

techniques and chemical analysis. After finalizing the structure, further enzyme assay studies of these pure secondary metabolites to evaluate its therapeutic importance as a good drug candidate

will be carried out.

Cytotoxicity and Phytochemical Analysis Studies of Selected Medicinal

Plants Seeds

Mazhar Abbasa, Muhammad Shahid*a, Munawar Iqbala, Muhammad Riazb, Sumaira Sharifa,

Yasar Mahmooda and Sohail Ahmedc aDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture,

Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan bDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan

cDepartment of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan

Abstract:

The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical exploration and cytotoxicity studies (antitermitic activity) of selected medicinal plant seeds. The quantitative analysis were performed by bioassay method in ethanol extracts and the contents were found be

ranged from 0.65-15.18 %, 0.54-8.60 % 0.08-27.71 % and 0.34-12.47 % for flavonoids, saponins, tennins and alkaloids respectively, while qualitative analysis of ethanolic extracts also

revealed the presence of glycoside, steroid, cardiac glycosides and terpenoid. The ethanol extracts of selected medicinal plant seed showed excellent antitermitic activity and the Lt50 of F. vulgare, P. harmala, P. corylifolia, R. communis, C. tiglium, mentha spp., A. sativum and C. frutescens

were found lower than 10 mg/mL, while N. sativa, A. sativum, P. ovata, A. indica, and M. azedarach were found to be higher than 35 mg/mL of 15% solution of extracts. The Lt50 was also

investigated of 3%, 5% and 10% extracts, but found significantly (P>0.05) higher than 15% extracts solution. It is concluded that these plant can be used as an antitermitic agent and as source of flavonoids, saponins, tennins and alkaloids.

Interactions Studies of Water Soluble Diblock Copolymer and Anionic

Surfactant by Various Techniques

Muhammad Saleem Khan*, Muhammad Tanveer National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar,

Peshawar 25120, Pakistan

Abstract:

The interactions of non-ionic water soluble diblock copolymer poly(ethylene/propylene glycol) (L64) with anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) were studied by using various techniques such as surface tension, conductivity and viscosity. Surface tension measurements were used to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and thereby the

free energy of micellization (∆Gmic), free energy of adsorption (∆Gads), surface excess concentration (Γ) and minimum area per molecule (A). Conductivity and viscosity measurements

were used to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC), critical aggregation concentration (CAC), polymer saturation point (PSP), degree of ionization (α) and counter ion binding (β).


126

Development and Optimization of High Performance Liquid

Chromatographic Method for Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)

Muhammad Yasir*, Nauman Ali, Imdad Ullah Mohammadzai, Waseem Hassan Institute of Chemical Sciences University of Peshawar

Abstract:

Previously reported methods are precious which were used in a number of organizations

and institutions for the determination of the concentration of the Paracetamol (Acetaminophen). In this study distilled water was used as a diluent as well as a mobile phase solvent. The flow rate

as was 1.5 mL/min, wave length as 244 nm and pressure of the pump between 10 to 12 MPa. The Retention time (Rt) for the acetaminophen was on the high but our study was intended on the cost reduction.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Diarthron vesiculosum

Khalid Hussain Shania, Muhammad Zubair*a, Nasir Rasoola, Komal Rizwana, Muhammad

Farmanb, Muhammad Riaza, Shehzad ali Shahid Chathac, Shafqat Alib aDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan

bDepartment of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan cDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan

Abstract: Medicinal plants are considerably useful and economically essential as they contain

active constituents that are used in the treatment of many human diseases. The present study was aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of whole parts of Diarthron

vesiculosum . It belongs to the family Thymelaeaceae. Different fractions were taken by solvent extraction method and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were determined. Essential oil of the plant was extracted and subjected to GC-MS studies. During the course of this work, n-

butanol, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate and Methanol fractions were studied by HPLC and LC-MS.

The cytotoxicity was analyzed by haemolytic assay.

Photo-catalytic Degradation of Drimarene Blue K-2RL: Optimization

Through Response Surface Methodology

Munawar Iqbal1, Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman2, Ehsan

Ullah2 and Gultasam1

1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2Applied Chemistry Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Lahore-54600 Pakistan

Abstract:

The removal of reactive dyes from wastewater with traditional physiochemical methods,

such as coagulation, adsorption and oxidation with ozone is expensive and generate large volumes of sludge. These processes usually require the addition of environmental hazardous chemical additives. Considering drawbacks in aforementioned treatments, the decolorization and


127

degradation of dyes by the advance oxidation processes (AOPs) have recently gained much attention. The AOP is an environment friendly and cost-competitive substitute to different conventional treatment technologies. In present study, aqueous solutions of Drimarene Blue K-

2RL (DB K-2RL) in the presence of TiO2 and H2O2 were treated with UV radiations (254 nm) in reactor. The experimental parameters such as dye concentration, TiO2 and H2O2 percentage, UV

exposure time, pH and shaking speed were optimized through response surface methodology for maximum dye degradation and decolorization. Factorial 2n design (Rotatable Center Composite Design) was employed for optimization of factors. Results showed that the degradation of DB K-

2RL was enhanced significantly (P<0.05) in the presence of TiO2 and H2O2. The optimized values of H2O2 percentage, TiO2 amount, dye concentration, UV exposure time, pH and shaking

speed were found to be 5%, 0.5%, 100 ppm, 60 min, 3 and 100 rpm respectively for maximum dye degradation. The advance oxidation process (AOP) showed a promising effect for the

degradation of DB K-2RL reactive dye.

Degradation of 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol Ethoxylate in the

Presence of TiO2 and H2O2: Optimization Through Response Surface

Methodology

Munawar Iqbal1, Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti1*, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman2, Muhammad Zahid1 and Majid Muneer3

1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2Applied Chemistry Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Lahore-54600 Pakistan

3Department of Chemistry, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

Acetylenic diol and its ethoxylated derivative, 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol

ethoxylate (TMDDE), are extensively used as surfactant/defoamer in water-based coatings, ink, adhesive, paper industries and other areas where excellent wetting is required and is resultantly discharged as industrial waste in environment, especially in water bodies. Ethoxylated acetylenic diol is toxic to aquatic biota as well as to human being and biologically non-biodegradable. The advance oxidation processes (AOPs) have been successfully applied for the degradation of such

resistive compounds. The aim of present study was to degrade the TMDDE aqueous solution by advance oxidation process (AOP). The aqueous solution was exposed to UV (254 nm) irradiation in the presence of TiO2 and H2O2. The experimental parameters like concentrations of TMDDE

,TiO2 and H2O2, UV exposure time, pH as well as the stirring speed were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain maximum degradation. Factorial 2n design

(Rotatable Center Composite Design) was employed for optimization of variables and data thus obtained was subjected to multivariate analysis. Significantly enhanced degradation (P<0.05) of TMDDE has been observed by UV treatment in the presence of TiO2 and H2O2. The optimized

values for H2O2 percentage, TiO2 amount, initial dye concentration, UV exposure time, pH and shaking speed were found to be 5%, 0.1%, 150 ppm, 60 min, 3 and 100 rpm, respectively for

maximum degradation.


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Monitoring the Efficiency of AOP for Toxicity Reduction of Textile Effluents

through Genetic Model

Munawar Iqbal, Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti*, Muhammad Zahid, Muhammad Shahid and Mazhar Abbas Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

From last few decades, there is a growing concern of watersheds pollution. Textile industry is a leading contributor to the pollution of water bodies. Some dyes used in dying and printing process are reported to be toxic and carcinogenic in nature, which can affects the aquatic

biota severely. These conditions dictate the necessity of dye containing water to undergo treatment before disposal to the water bodies. The present study aims to evaluate the

detoxification potential of advanced oxidation process of aqueous solution of Drimarene Red (DR) reactive dye. To evaluate the degradation efficiency of UV treatment, A. cepa test was used. The A. cepa roots were grown in DR reactive dye aqueous solution for the period of 36 h in 50

and 300 ppm solution before and after treatment. The roots of both groups of plants were analyzed by mitotic index (MI), chromosomal and nuclear aberration (CA & NA) assay. The

macroscopic properties of roots such as root length, number and color were also recorded. The root exposed to untreated dye solution showed abnormalities in MI, CA and NA. The length and number of roots decreased up to 45% and 20%, respectively as compared to negative control (roots grown in distilled water). At high concentration (300 ppm) of dye solution, cell deaths were also observed. After advance oxidation treatment (UV-45 min, 44 W and 254 nm in the presence

of H2O2), the NA and CA were decreased significantly and MI increased up to 60%. The length, root number and color of A. cepa did not change when root grown in UV treated dye solution.

This significance variation in aberrations indicates the efficiency of advanced oxidation treatment for toxicity reduction of DR reactive dye solution. The toxicity analysis with A. cepa signifies that dye with UV irradiation degraded and subsequently minimized the toxic effect on the root

cells.

Continuous Diode Laser Pre-Sowing Seed Treatment Effect on Tomato

Growth Characteristics, Accumulation of Biochemical and Chlorophyll

Content

Yasir Jamil1, Munawar Iqbal*2, Zia ul Haq1 1Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

Abstract:

The effect of diode laser pre-sowing seed treatment on biochemical, chlorophyll contents and growth were studied in tomato cultivar. The water-soaked seeds of tomato were exposed to

diode laser running up continuous mode (630 nm at 1 mW) for 100 mJ, 200 mJ and 300 mJ energies and the responses were studied under green house condition. The experiments in

triplicate were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). Results showed that root and shoot fresh mass, root and shoot dry mass, plant fresh and dry masses, number of leaves per plant, root and shoot length, protein contents and chlorophyll contents increased up to 28.57 %, 31.09

%, 51.35 %, 56.9 %, 30.85 %, 46.11 %, 14.23 %, 21.76 %, 165.12 %, 8.55 % and 62.99 %,


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respectively. The diode laser energy of 300 mJ was found more effective as compared to 100 mJ and 200 mJ. Being a physical pre-sowing seed treatment method, laser is also a green technique and could be used for fast growth and to enhance the biochemical parameter as well as

chlorophyll contents in tomato cultivar.

Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) on Radiation Induced

Degradation of Drimarene blue HF-RL using a Rotatable Centre Composite

Design

MunawarIqbal, Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti, Muhammad Zahid and Majid Muneer*

Deparment of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad *Department of Chemistry, GC-University Faisalabad

Abstract:

Rotatable centre composite design and multivariate analysis have been used to optimize the conditions for thedegradation of drimarene blue HF-RL from aqueous solution and variation in chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen(DO), pH and total dissolved solids (TDS) using gamma radiation. The initial concentration of the dye is used as one of the experimental variables. A factorial design (2n) is used to obtain the optimum experimental conditions for

effective dye colour removal. The experimental variables such as dye concentration (50-150 mg/L) and absorbed dose of gamma radiation (10-20 kGy) areused at three treatment levels. Based on the experimental analysis, the stationary points (optimal points) for color removal, pH,

TDS and COD are found17.20 kGy (88.21 mg/L dye concentration), 17.55 kGy (99.40 mg/L), 16.07 kGy (54.60 mg/L) and 17.03 kGy (100 mg/L), respectively. The maximum increase in DO

is found 60% for the absorbed dose of 16.06 kGy. The results indicate that the gamma radiation at higher absorbed dosage levels efficiently remove the colour and improve the water-quality

parameters. Response surface methodology was found as a best tool for optimization with

statistically reliable analysis.

Pre-sowing Diode Laser Induced Improvement in Tomato Seed Germination

and Enzymatic Attributes at Early Stages of Growth

Munawar Iqbal1, Yasir Jamil2, Zia ul Haq2 and Muhammad Riaz3 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040,

Pakistan 2Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

3Department of Chemistry, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

The response of germination and enzymatic attributes of diode laser pre-sowing treated

seed was exemplified for tomato cultivar. The water-soaked seeds of tomato were exposed to diode laser using continuous wave diode laser (630 nm, 1 mW) for 100, 200 and 300 seconds

treatment and the response of germination and enzymatic activities were studied under green house condition. The experiments in triplicates were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). Results have shown that the germination percentage and emergence index increased up to

23.06 % and 43.22 %, while mean emergence time and time needed for 50 % germination


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reduced significantly (p<0.05) up to 10.8 % and 18.3 %, respectively in laser treated tomato seed as compared to control. The alpha amylase activity during germination and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) contents in 10 days old seedling were found 45.31 %, 12.42 % and

38.46 % higher in treated seed as compared to control. Being a physical pre-sowing seed treatment, laser is also a green method and could be used for fast germination and to accelerate

the enzymes evolved in germination and in growth at early stages of seedling growth.

Microwave Assisted Derivatization of Ceftriaxone into Fluorescent Product

for Spectrofluorimetric Determination in Pharmaceutical formulation

Nasir Ali Khan*, Jasmin Shah, M.Rasul Jan , Sultan Shah University of Peshawar

Abstract:

This paper describes a simple and fast spectrofluorimetric method for the quantification of ceftriaxone in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the microwave assisted

conversion of ceftriaxone into fluorescent product by reacting with ethyl acetoacetate and formaldehyde at pH 4.2. Experimental parameter affection the derivatization reaction were optimized and incorporated in the procedure. Maximum fluorophore formation was observed with

0.4 M ethyl acetoacetate, 35 % formaldehyde and keeping the reaction mixture for 3 min in microwave oven at energy of 850 MW. The detector response increased linearly with

concentration of ceftriaxone and is linear in the range of 0.8-20 µg mL-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9954. The developed procedure was applied for quantification of ceftriaxone in pharmaceutical formulation. The percent recoveries were in the range of 95.33% to 103.67% with

and RSD ≤ 4.50%.

Media Optimization for Ligninase Synthesis using Lignin Containing

Substrate by Phanerochaete Chrysosporium-IBL-03 in Liquid State

Fermentation

Naveed Munir*, M. Asghar+, Imtiaz M T, M Riaz

*Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan +Professor of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of

Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

Ligninolytic enzymes produced by white rot fungi are of vital importance in many industries including pulp and paper manufacturing, textile, and petrochemical industries. The optimal conditions for lignin-degrading peroxidases production by P. chrysosporium-IBL-03 were investigated. Six different lignin containing substrates (corn stover, corn cobs, sugarcane bagasse,

wheat straw, rice straw and banana stalk) were used, focusing on identifying the factors that affect LiP and MnP production by P. chrysosporium-IBL-03, in liquid state fermentation. By selecting

the best substrate, wheat straw as substrate, different fermentation parameters like pH, temperature, substrate concentration, inoculum size, carbon and nitrogen sources, carbon: nitrogen ratio, mediators and metal ions were optimized. Significant (P≤0.05) increase in

production of enzymes was found when 2.5g wheat straw at pH 4.5 was incubated for 6 days at


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35ºC in the presence of molasses as carbon source and beef extract as nitrogen source in 25:1 ratio. Veratryl alcohol proved to be best mediator LiP production while CuSO4 gave the highest

yield of MnP (993.9±18.4 U/mL) and LiP (1215.15±13.5 U/mL).

Synthesis and Structural Activity of Imidazole Derivative and its Cobalt

Complex

Nazir Ahmad, Nauman Ali, Imdadullah, Waseem Hassan, Adnan Khan

Institute of Chemical Sciences University of Peshawar

Abstract:

The ligand1,3-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetone (DIA) is a modified form of diimidazolopropane (DIP) which was complexed with cobalt (II) chloride. The characterization of ligand and its cobalt complex was done through H-NMR, Mass, elemental, conductance, magnetic

moments, FT-IR, UV/visible TGA, DTA and XRD analysis. These results indicate that DIA enforces tetrahedral structure to cobalt (II) chloride complexes. The ligand was also tested against

pathogenic bacteria which showed moderate activity for ligand and high activity for cobalt complex.

Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Rutin Complexes

Qadeer K. Panhwar1, Shahabuddin Memon2,* 1Dr. M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan

2National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan

Abstract:

An excellent chelating agent rutin forms deep yellow colored complexes of mononuclear composition with different structures and varying stoichiometry with a) Zr4+ and b) MoO4

2- ions. IR and NMR techniques have supported the chelation sites and structural differences between the

two complexes. Antioxidant activity was studied and found higher for molybdenum rutin complex compared to butylated hydroxyqiunone (BHQ), a well-known synthetic antioxidant.


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Biosorption of Pb (II) from Aqueous Solutions by using Immobilized

Mangifera Indica Waste Biomass

Qaisar Manzoor, Raziya Nadeem University of Agriculture Faisalabad

Abstract:

Batch experiments were carried out for the sorption of Pb (II) by using mango kernel, seed and peal particles, as well as entrapment in Ca-alginate polymeric matrix. The effect of important operational parameters such as pH, initial metal concentration and contact time was

evaluated. It was observed in this study that seed uptake capacity is better as compared to kernel and peal biomasses. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of seed biomass of Mangifera

indica before and after metal sorption and release of cations (Ca2+, C+4, K+) from seed biomass with the corresponding uptake of Pb (II) revealed that the main mechanism of sorption was ion exchange. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also carried out to investigate surface

morphology. The sorption capacity increased with increase in initial metal ion concentration and maximum q value at 400 (mg/L) is 190 for Pb (II) with seed beads biomass. Sorption kinetics and

equilibria followed pseudo-second order and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. The study points to the potential of new use of Mangifera indica as an effective sorbent for the removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solution.

Enzyme Immobilized CTAB Based Organogel (EICBO) as Feasible Matrix

for Oxidative Removal of Phenol from Aqueous System

Rabel Soomro, Najma Memon, Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh-

Pakistan

Abstract:

A new composite material capable of oxidizing phenol from aqueous solutions was obtained by immobilizing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into microemulsion-based organogel and

silica gel. The material was prepared by adding the silica precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) to the enzyme immobilized into hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) microemulsion-

based gel. Activity of immobilized enzyme was compared with enzyme in aqueous solution using hydrogen peroxide and phenol as substrate. Phenol quantification in aqueous buffered solutions was carried out using HPLC. SEM images, SEM mapping and IR characterization of the composite verified that the silica is well accumulated in the gelatin network and enzyme is encapsulated inside in the gel. Optimization of parameters for oxidation of phenol such as contact

time, gel/enzyme amount, H2O2 concentration, stirring time and pH has been done. The most favorable conditions for oxidation of phenol into benzoquinone (99% conversion) were found as; 150 mg gel, 1.0 mM H2O2 at pH 7.5 for 10 mL of 10 mgL-1 phenol. Also, it was observed that benzoquinone formed in the reaction was taken up by gel. The study concludes that HRP can be immobilized into organogels for oxidation of

phenolic substrate and silica hardening provides stability to composite material. The material affords dual purpose of oxidizing phenol and removing products in single step from aqueous

solutions.


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Removal of Brilliant Blue from its Aqueous Solution using Ricinus

Communis Stem as an Adsorbent

1Rabia Ayub, 1Aadil Abbas, 2Rabia Rehman, 2Tariq Mahmud 1Saba Akbar 1Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, 50700 Gujrat. Pakistan,

2 Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan

Abstract:

Aqueous toxicity is a burning issue of the current era with rapidly growing industrialization and urbanization, especially in the developing countries where no proper

treatment of the waste effluents is regulated. The plan of the present study was to discover the comparative effect of untreated, acid treated and base treated Ricinus communis stem as an

adsorbent for removing Brilliant Blue from aqueous solution. Effect of various factors on adsorption process such as contact time, pH, agitation speed, adsorbent dose, particle size and temprature was studied. The optimization of these parameters revealed that acid treated adsorbent

showed maximum % age removal efficiency than base treated and untreated adsorbent. The adsorption equilibrium data were analyzed by using various adsorption isotherm models and the

results have shown that adsorption behavior of the dye could be described reasonably well by

Langmuir and Freunlich models.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus Aureus from Staph

Infections in the North West of Pakistan.

RaheelaTaj, Imdadullah Muhammad Zai, Jawad Ahmad Institute of chemical sciences, University of Peshawar

Abstract:

Staph aureus is a gram positive, nonmotile, non-spore forming coagulase producing

facultative anaerobe and is the most common cause of staph infections. It is frequently part of the skin flora found in the nose and on skin. About 20% of the human population is long-term carriers of S. aureus. The staphylococci have a remarkable ability to develop resistance to antibiotics.

They produce enzymes called extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) which renders penicillins and cephalosporin inactive. The present study included 84 Staph aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility

testing was carried out by standard disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration according to the clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) criteria. Fifteen antibiotics were tested. A total of 80% isolates were resistant to four or more antibiotics. Amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid and Amoxycillin showed high potency with 59.52 and 53.57% isolates being susceptible respectively. These were followed by Imipenim (42.83%), Gentamicin (35.71 %),

Cephradine (35.71%), Ceftizoxime (30.95%) and Cefaclor (25%).Resistance to cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole is 100%. The study reveals that Staph.aureus isolated from staph infections in this region are multidrug resistant.


134

Enhanced Photo-catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue using ZnO

Nanoparticles Synthesized using Surfactant Mediated Chemical

Precipitation Method

Razium Soomro*, S. T. H. Sherazi National Centre of Excellence in Analytical chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro

Abstract:

ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via surfactant mediated chemical precipitation method using Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) as a precipitating agent and

cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as an effective size reducing agent. The synthesized ZnO NPs can be subsequently used as photo catalyst to degrade organic material under both

ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) light. Characterization studies like optimization of various parameters for preparation of ZnO NPs, size, structural composition and morphology were performed using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The synthesized ZnO NPs were employed for comparative photo-degradation of methylene blue (MB) irradiated under

both UV and visible light. Imperative parameters like catalyst dosage and pH were also studied and results were found to be crucial in governing the photo-degradation process. It was found that the synthesized photo catalyst degraded MB much faster under UV light than under visible light. The experiment displayed enhanced photo catalytic degradation of MB (50% in 10min) using

ZnONPs under UV light.

Synthesis and Characterization of Conducting Polyaniline - Poly Ethylene

Oxide Composites

Rooh ul Amin, Anwar ul Haq Ali Shah

Institute of Chemical Sciences University of Peshawar

Abstract:

Intrinsically conducting polyaniline (PANI) has been complexed with polyethylene

oxide (PEO). In this work PANI is used as matrix and PEO as Filler. The composites have been characterized XRD, SEM, FTIR and Cylic Voltammetry (CV). The processibility and thermal

stability of PANI increases with the increase of PEO in the composites. However, greater amount of PEO in the composite affects the conductivity of PANI but this decrease in conductance does

not effect the overall quality of PANI.


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Batch Wise Eradication of Textile Dye from its Aqueous Solution using

Biosorbent

1*Saba Akbar, 2Tariq Mahmud, 1Naghmana Kausar, 1Shahzad Murtaza and 1Rabia Ayub 1Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, 50700 Gujrat. Pakistan

2 Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan

Abstract:

Biosorption process is widely used and most promising removal technique for the removal of hazardous chemicals from the waste water. In this research work, Novacron a textile

dye was removed by using Ricinus Communis leaves as biosorbent. A comparative study was done with Formalin Treated, Propanol Treated and Acetone Treated Ricinus Communis leaves.

The effects of various conditions such as pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and agitation rate were studied for the removal of the dye. The optimum pH was found at acidic range. The results showed that the Formalin Treated biosorbent was the most effective in the removal of dye from

wastewater. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were also applied to evaluate

maximum adsorption capacity of Ricinus Communis leaves for Novacron dye.

The Adsorption Capacity of Cu (II) from Aqueous Solution using Natural

Resin and its Comparison with Synthetic Resin

Salma Amir, Muhammad Rasul Jan, Jasmin Shah

Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar.

Abstract:

Cu (II) being in heavy metals, its presence in aqueous solutions causes health hazards.

The sorption capacity of natural resin (peach tree resin) and synthetic resin (IR-120) was compared for the removal efficiency of Cu (II) from aqueous solution. Natural and synthetic

resins were characterized by FT-IR.Natural and synthetic resins both required the same contact time, the former has highest percentage of Cu(II) adsorption.Kinetic studies reveal that both the sorbents followed second order kinetics.The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm were more

applicable to the type of adsorption achieved by natural resin as compared to synthetic resin where sorption of Cu (II) followed Langmuir isotherm.The interference studies showed that

natural resin is more selective as compared to synthetic resin and Cu (II) can be easily removed from aqueous samples in the presence of other ions. The adsorption of Cu (II) by natural resins is a more economically feasible method for achieving a better performance for Cu (II) removal in comparison to synthetic resin.


136

Evaluation of Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium and Sodium in Scalp hair

Samples of Pakistani Referents and Hepatitis Patients of Different

Genotypes

Salma Aslam Arain, Tasneem Gul Kazi, Hassan Imran Afridi, Sadaf Sadia Arain

Abstract:

The aim of present study was to compare the level of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg),

potassium (K) and sodium (Na) in scalp hair samples of patients suffering from different viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D, and E; n=489) of both gender age ranged 31–50 years. For comparative

study, 158 age-matched control subjects, of both genders residing in the same city were selected as referents. The elements in the scalp hair samples were analyzed by flame atomic absorption

spectrophotometry, prior to microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology was checked by using certified reference materials (CRMs) and with those values obtained by conventional wet acid digestion method on same CRMs. The results of this study showed that the mean value of Na was higher in scalp hair samples of hepatitis patients, while Ca, Mg and K levels were found to be lower than age-matched control subjects. (p<0.001). These

results are consistent with literature-reported data, confirming that the deficiency of essential mineral elements and sodium overload can directly cause lipid peroxidation and eventually

hepatic damage.

Water Quality Assessment of Khyber Agency,

Khyberpakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

.Sana Zafar, Imtiaz Ahmad, M. Shakirullah, M. Ishaq٭Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar

Abstract:

Access to safe drinking water is one of the human’s basic rights. A study was conducted to evaluate the quality criteria of drinking water of Khyber Agency, Pakistan.Phsico-chemical and microbial assessment of water quality was analyzed. The resultant values were compared with

WHO standards guidelines set for drinking water quality. Among the anions studied, Nitrite concentration (0.15-0.2mg/L) was found to be above the permissible level (0.1mg/L).the

concentration of Ammonia was found to be above 0.2 ppm.inorganic elements were also determined. Amount of sodium (60-75ppm) and magnesium (60-100mg/L) exceeded the permissible level set by WHO. The total plate count (TPC) was calculated 150-2500CFU/ml which is above the standard range of WHO (100 CFU/ml) for drinking water quality. Total fecal coli form bacteria were present in 30% samples and E.coli was analyzed in 10% samples. Water

treatment in order to reduce the concentration of all pollutants which are present in higher concentration than recommended by WHO is suggested.


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Comparative Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Allopathic and Herbal

(Unani, Ayuvedic, Homeopathic) Medicines

Muhammad Iqbal, Shuja Abbas, Shabir Ahmad Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, 2600 Khyber Pakhtunkwa Pakistan

Abstract:

Available reports on lesser efficiency and the development of drug resistance in human pathogens against commonly used antibiotics have necessitated a search for alternative methods. Traditional medicines when used properly are safe and potent. In the present study we have

evaluated the antimicrobial activity of ten traditional and herbal drugs against 5 bacteria and 4 fungi. The agar well diffusion method was used for the sensitivity of microbes against selected

drugs and MIC was determined. All drugs were significantly active against bacteria and showed moderate activity against fungi. Among the drugs Surficol showed no activity against any of the bacteria but was only active to fungi A. parasiticus and C. albicans. While Zubex was inactive to

all fungi. Fusarium was resistant to all drugs. The highest activity was shown by Aller-z and Qurse- Suzak.The present study suggests that the selected traditional drugs have powerful

potential against microorganisms. With the changing perception and attitude towards the use of

synthetic drugs, industries are encouraged also to focus on the efficacy of herbal formulations.

Biochemical Profile of Cyamposis tetragonoloba l. and Synthesis of

Polyacrylamide Grafted Guar Gum

Yousra Gul a Shazia Anwer Bukhari a, Muhammad Shahidb, Hira Munirb Ammara Rasheed a

aDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan bDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38040,

Pakistan

Abstract:

Guar gum (GG) is a neutral water soluble polysaccharide. The backbone of GG is a linear chain of β (1→4) linked mannose residues to which galactose residues are α (1→6) linked at every

second mannose, forming short side branches. Guar gum is often used in different forms for human consumption. It is an excellent stiffener and the absence of toxicity allows its use in the

textile, pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic and food industries. In this study guar gum was purchased from the local market. Then GG was purified for further analysis. The purified samples were subjected to the rheological properties. Proximate biochemical composition of GG was evaluated by AOAC. Biological activity like antimicrobial activity was determined by disc diffusion method and supported by microbial quality of gum.

Antioxidant activity was analyzed by DPPH method. In the present project grafting will be done for the modification of guar gum. Gelation properties of samples were analyzed. In the present project microwave initiated grafting was done for the modification of guar gum and for human use its haemolytic activity was checked. Characterization of all the samples was done by using techniques of XRD, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR and thermo gravimetric

analysis (TGA).


138

Inverse Emulsion Polymerization of O-Toluidine Doped with

Dodecylebenzene Sulfonic Acid

Shehna Farooqa, Anwar-ul-Haq Ali Shahb, Salma Bilala*

aNational centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar bInstitute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar

Abstract:

Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) doped poly (o-toluidine) (POT), a derivative of polyaniline was synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization by using chloroform and 2-

butanol as dispersion medium and benzoyl peroxide as oxidant. The resulting POT salt was soluble in various organic solvents such as DMSO, Chloroform, Toluene, THF, Acetonitrile and

Ethanol. Percent yield of POT at different monomer concenteration was calculated. Synthesized polymer was characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, TGA and cyclic voltammetry. The XRD pattern of powder POT shows the semicrystalline nature of the sample.

FTIR studies show the information of changes in intensity of functional groups with different monomer concentrations. UV-Visible spectroscopy indicates the formation of the conducting

emeraldine salt phase. Voltammetric study was done to investigate the electrochemical behavior of POT salt and demonstrate that the polymer has convenient electroactivity. Three step decomposition patterns similar to that of polyaniline are observed in the thermogram. Thermal analysis shows that POT is less thermally stable compared to polyaniline. The less stability in POT is due to the cumulative steric as well as electronic effect of the bulky methyl substituent

present on the benzene ring.

Biodecolorization of Remazol Black B by Newly Isolated Fungal Strain

Shumaila Kiran*, Sofia Nosheen**, Shaukat Ali** Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad.

Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.

Abstract:

The appearance of man made chemicals such as dyes in the world is generally incompatible with the life and their natural decolorization or degradation is either very slow or it

does not takes place at all. Dye house effluent is tough to be decolorized because of the presence of dyes which have complex aromatic molecular structure and synthetic origin. The enzymatic

transformation of polluting compounds to less toxic or even innocuous products is an alternative to their complete removal. Toxic aromatic pollutants concentrated in industrial wastes can potentially be eliminated by low cost biodecolorization system using fungal culture. In the present

study, a fungal strain showing maximum decolorization was selected from 25 fungal strains. Optimization of expression conditions were carried out with manipulating culture conditions and

nutrient sources. Under optimum conditions of pH, Incubation time and temperature, fungal strain decolorized the Remazol Black B 92.7%. Moreover, the effect of Carbon and Nitrogen amendments was also studied on the decolorization of dye under study.


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Removal of Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers from Aqueous Media by p-tert-

Butylcalix[8]arene Based Silica Resin

Sibghatullah Memon, Shahabuddin Memon*, Najma Memon National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh,

Abstract:

Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) is an organochlorine insecticide exist in various isomeric

forms, where α-, β- and γ isomers are persistent and impart toxicity to water bodies. The current article explains about the removal of HCH using p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene based silica resin. The resin is characterized through Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning

electron microscopy (SEM) and also by batch and column adsorption method for maximum removal efficiency. Variations in concentrations of HCH were monitored by GC-µECD. Various

parameters that affect uptake like pH, agitation time, adsorbent dosage, and concentration of HCH were optimized as, pH 8, 60 min, 20 mg and 1 µg mL-1 , respectively. The adsorption data was found to be best fitted with Freundlich adsorption model and followed pseudo second order kinetic equation. Thomas model were used to find the kinetic co-efficient (kTH( cm3mg-1min-1) and maximum solid phase concentration (qo mgg-1) of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (α, β, γ, δ) on the resin which was found to be 0.054, 0.054, 0.049, 0.055 and 112.5, 110.8, 108.5, 114.2 respectivily. The synthesized resin under optimized conditions can effectively remove HCH

isomers from real wastewater samples.

Ultratrace Measurements of Ibuprofen by Baseline-corrected Square Wave

Voltammetry at Screen Printed Electrode

M. Tahir Soomro, Sidra Amin, Najma Memon, Amber R. Solangi National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan

Abstract:

Mostly used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic drug for the treatment of fever, migraine, and muscle aches in human, Ibuprofen (IBU) is the most popular non-

prescription, non-steroidal drug in the world [1, 2]. Consequently, IBU and its first biotic products residue have been frequently detected in waste water and surface water effluents. Taking into account the wide spread contamination of IBU, the following work presents the sensitive, rapid,

simple and reliable method for its determination in water by square wave voltammetry at Screen printed electrode (disposable) [3]. Under optimized conditions like; pH (acetate buffer, 4.7), frequency (200Hz), amplitude (40 mV) and step potential (4 mV) and applying baseline-correction algorithm detection limit of 2 mg/L (instrumental) was achieved. The real wastewater was further cleaned up and preconcentrated using solid phase extraction. The developed method

demonstrated successful application for IBU determination using inexpensive screen printed electrode without any surface modification.


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Magnetic Nanoparticles Impregnated Wheat Husk for Adsorption of

Methyl Blue

Sobia Jamil, Jasmin Shah and M.Rasul Jan Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

Abstract:

The adsorption of methyl blue dye from aqueous solution by magnetic nanoparticles prepared via co-precipitation and impregnated onto wheat husk was studied. The effect of various parameters such as pH, contact time with and without shaking, adsorbent dose, initial dye

concentration and temperature were studied in batch experiments. The equilibrium data were fitted into four most common isotherm models; Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-

R) and Tempkin. The maximum adsorption capacity of magnetic nanoparticles impregnated wheat husk obtained from Langmuir isotherm was 333.33 mg/g and showed monolayer adsorption process of methyl blue dye. The empirical constants of Freundlich isotherm KF and n

obtained for methyl blue dye were 133.66 mg/g and 2.959 respectively. The data shows that pseudo-second-order model (r2=1.00) was the best choice among the kinetic models studied for

adsorption of methyl blue dye on magnetic nanoparticles impregnated wheat husk. For desorption of methyl blue, HCl, NaOH solutions, ethanol and methanol were used. Maximum desorption of methyl blue dye (93.4%) was obtained with methanol. The method was successfully applied in

column for adsorption and desorption of synthetic dye effluent samples.

Effect of Extraction Conditions on the Phenolics Profile of Ficus

Bengalensis, Ficus Relegiosa and Ficus Infectoria

Syed Ali Raza Naqvi1,*, Zulfiqar Ali Khan1, Muhammad Yar2, Sohail Anjum Shahzad3, Nasir Mahmood4 and Arshad Iqbal Khan1

1Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan 2Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information

Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan 3Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060,

Pakistan 4Department of Allied Sciences and Chemical Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore,

54600, Pakistan

Abstract:

Three wild fruits (Ficus Bengalensis, Ficus Relegiosa and Ficus Infectoria) were selected to evaluate how extraction solvents namely methanol ethanol, water, acetone and n-

hexane effected the yield of phenolic substances (total phenolics and total flavonides). Water extracts showed the highest total phenolics (TP) and total flavonides (TF).The response of extraction time (60,120,180,240,300,360,420) and temperature (25,30,40,50,60 ) on TP were studied by using water as extraction solvent. The yield of TP with optimal extraction time and temperature were (in descending order) Ficus Infectoria (1024.13 mg GAE/100 g; 300 min at

40˚C) > Ficus Relegiosa (786.13 mg GAE/100 g; 300 min at 40˚C) > Ficus Bengalensis (684.95 mg GAE/100 g; 360 min at 50˚C).By using water as solvent, extraction time and temperature

were found to play a critical role in the extraction of total phenolics from wild fruits.


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Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Hibiscus Rosa

Sinensis Linn

Zulfiqar Ali Khan1, Syed Ali Raza Naqvi1,*, Sohail Anjum Shahzad2, Iftikhar Hussain Bukhari1, Nasir Mahmood3, Muhammad Yar4 and Ammara Mukhtar1

1Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan 2Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060,

Pakistan 3Department of Allied Sciences and Chemical Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore,

54600, Pakistan 4Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information

Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

Abstract:

Antioxidant and antibacterial potential of different solvent extracts of locally grown

Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn was evaluated. The antioxidant activity was assessed by estimation of total flavonoids contents, total phenolic contents, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and

percentage inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation capacity. Agar disc diffusion method was used to assess antibacterial potential of crude extract of shoe flower. The yield of the crude extract was 13.2% and 11.5% in 95% methanol and ethanol solvents respectively. Methanolic and ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn showed total flavonoids in the range of 0.321 – 0.533 g/100g as Catechine Equivalent, total phenolics 0.592- 0.610 g/100g as Gallic Acid Equivalent,

DPPH free radical scavenging activity 65.4±1.962 – 64.04±2.56% and percentage inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation capacity was calculated 61.8±1.85 – 56.6±2.26 mg/mL respectively.

Antibacterial study showed promising action against the bacterial strains. From the data obtained it may be concluded that Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn can use as good source of antioxidant and

antibacterial purposes.

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activities and Cytotoxicity Studies of London

Rocket (Sisymbrium irio)

Ghulam Abbasa, Tanveer Hussain Bokharia*, Saira Hinaa, Muhammad Riaza, Nasir Rasoola, Muhammad Zubaira, Komal Rizwana

aDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan bDepartment of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad-

38000, Pakistan

Abstract:

The Sisymbrium irio leaves methanolic extract and various fractions were analyzed for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The leaves of Sisymbrium irio were extracted with

absolute methanol and further fractionated by solvent-solvent extraction method with increasing polarity based absolute solvents i.e. chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, n-hexane. Sisymbrium irio leaves extract and fractions contained appreciable levels of total flavonoid

contents and total phenolic contents. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and inhibition linoleic acid peroxidation were shown by (London rocket) leaves extracts were also analyzed. The GC-

MS analysis of Sisymbrium irio essential oil and n-hexane extract revealed the presence of several compounds. The results of the present study have shown significant variations in the antioxidant activities of Sisymbrium irio leave extract and fractions.


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Retrospective Analysis of HbA1c, Cholesterol and Triglycerides in Non-obese

Diabetic Patients above 40 Years of Age

Ghulam Mohiuddin Bhatti, Tanzila Sahar, SobiaAleem, Humara Naz Majeed and Munir Ahmad sheikh

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,

University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus often simply referred to as diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in

which a person has high blood sugar either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. Our objective was evaluating the

relation among the HbA1c, Cholesterol and Triglycerides in diabetic patients. To this end we selected non obese diabetic male and female patients above 40 years of age. Samples were collected after 12 hrs of fasting. A statistical analysis, multiple correlation coefficients between

HbA1c, Cholesterol and Triglycerides were applied in order to determine the significance of results. The above mentioned parameters were performed by various kit methods. Glycation level

(HbA1c) was plotted against the cholesterol level in normal individuals, it showed a negative correlation (r= -0.071) and in diabetics individuals it is a negative correlation (r= -0.154) was found. The plot for HbA1c against triglycerides in normal volunteers showed a positive correlation (r= 0.154). The plot in diabetic individuals for Hb1c against triglycerides showed a positive correlation (r=0.0212). It was observed that Hb1c has no correlation with cholesterol but has a

relation with triglycerides in diabetics.

Effects of Hofmeister Anions on Pnipam in Water Methanol Mixture

Uzma Kalsoom, Khalid Mehmood, Iram Bibi, Mohammad Siddiq* Hazara University Mansehra

Abstract:

Poly N- Iso propyl acrylamide( PNIPAM ) is synthesized by Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer Polymerization. The effect of Hofmeister anions on PNIPAM is studied by UV-spectrophotometer and dynamic laser light scattering studied in water methanol

mixture. The five Hofmeister anions CO3-2 , NO3

- , Cl- , Br - , F- with different abilities to modify the solvent structure are analyzed. Kosmotropes and Chaotropes show a clear

competition with methanol for water molecules. The LCST of PNIPAM is shifted from 33 0C by the addition of methanol and salts. UV studies show that at low temperature the solution become transparent and % Transmittance increases but with the increase of temperature the

solution start to form aggregate and turns cloudy as a result the % T decreases and shows the LCST. Dynamic Laser Light shows that in the absence of salt the hydrodynamic radius

is very small which shows that the individual chains are present. In the presence of salts PNIPAM chains start to form aggregate which result in the increase of the hydrodynamic radius.


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Thermal and Structural Studies of Polymeric Blend Composites of

PMMA/PEO/PVAC with Carbon Nanotubes

Muhammad Saleem Khan, Uzma Khalil Polymer Lab, National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar,

Pakistan

Abstract:

Polymer blends have proven to be one amongst the most rapidly growing field of material sciences. They are a rational response to the question of the new and efficient material

that can serve the purpose of finding such a material that is more diverse in applicability and is economically favourable. Similarly polymeric composites and nanocomposites have been proved

to be one of the superb divisions in introducing the latest and diverse materials. . Keeping this in view, polymer composites and blends have been synthesized all over the research circles. The type on which we have worked has not been considered by the research community extensively,

that is, polymers blend composites and nanocomposites. In the present study, we have tried out to find a relationship between structures of the polymer blend composites with thermal properties.

Various compositions of a blend composite were synthesized with the help of PMMA (Poly methyl methacrelate)/ PEO (Poly ethylene oxide)/ PVAc (Poly vinyl acetate) and carbon nanotube. This blend composite was analysed for the thermal and structural properties. It was found out that the thermal stability remain almost constant with the formation of the blend composites. XRD shows that crystilinity decreases slightly with increase in CNT concentration.

Crystalline behaviour of blend composites changes with concentration of CNT. The resulting blend composites have the potential to be used in electrical devices subjected to a higher than

room temperatures.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Cement and Mortar using Laser

Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Yasir Jamil1, Hashim Farooq1, Muhammad Raza Ahmad1, Nasir Amin2, Muhammad Akmal1,

Munawar Iqbal3 and Zia-ul-Haq1

1Laser Spectroscopy Lab, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 2Department of Physics, G.C University, Faisalabad

3Department of chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad

Abstract:

In this research work, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed with the help of LIBS for different selected samples of cement and mortar. A high energy Q-switched

Nd:YAG laser of 1064nm wavelength having pulse duration 5ns was used to produce plasma on the surface of cement samples. The spectral line intensities of the decaying plasma were recorded using a fast response high resolution spectrometer. Each spectrum was obtained at fixed external delay of 500ns. The elemental analysis was carried out on the basis of emission lines. These lines were identified using NIST database for elemental analysis. Calcium, Silicon, Titanium, Oxygen

and Aluminium were the elements found in the cement and mortar. Calibration curves were drawn for quantitative analysis of unknown samples.


144

Isolation and Cloning of Fibrinolytic Enzyme (qk) Gene from Local Isolate

of Bacillus spp.

Zahid Mushtaq*, Ghulam Mustafa & Amer Jamil Molecular Biochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of

Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

Abstract:

Regulation and production of Fibrinolytic enzymes from bacterial sources especially from Bacillus strains has taken a leading role in the medical sciences for the treatment of

cardiovascular disorders as it removes thrombus or clots adding to its significant role in curing human health issues saving millions. Significant progress has been made during the last few years

on the studies of fibrinolytic enzymes in identifying, cloning, purification, characterization and overproduction of these for commercialization in medical sciences and in fields like detergents development. In our present research gene encoding fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus spp.

including subtilisin protease (QK02 gene) with strong fibrinolytic activities previously reported was targeted from our local isolate for study. Doubos salts media with a pH of 7.2 at 37oC was

employed for the maintenance of growth of locally isolated specie of Bacillus. PCR amplification of fibrinolytic enzyme gene was done using specifically designed primers from genomic DNA isolated from the bacterial cell culture. The amplified product of 1090 base pairs was then ligated in pTZ 57 R/T cloning vector and transformed in E. coli Top10 cells. The sequence obtained from the clone was then submitted in Genebank (Acession # JQ927217). The sequence was then

subjected to different bioinfoermatic tools like justbio.com, clustalW, BLAST and Sequence Manipulation Suite for further sequence analysis. The genetic diversity of the gene was thus

compared and gene was characterized.

Voltammetric Determination of Picric Acid using Silver Amalgam Paste and

Carbon Paste Electrode

Abdul Niaz a, Jan Fischer b, Jiří Barek b, Sirajuddinc, Muhammad Iqbal Bhangerc and Afzal Shah a a Department of Chemistry, University of Scien &Technology,Bannu

b National Center of Excellence in analytical chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro c department of chemistry, Charles Univesity, Prague, Czech Republic

Abstract:

A sensitive voltammetric method was developed at a novel silver amalgam paste

electrode (AgA-PE) for the determination of picric acid in Britton-Robinson buffer. The results obtained at this new electrode were compared to that at carbon paste electrode (CPE). Under the optimal conditions, a linear response at (AgA-PE) was observed over the 2×10–7 - 1×10- 4 mol.l–1

picric acid concentration range examined with R = 0.9976 and a determination limit of 5.6.10-8

mol.l–1. More sensitive results were obtained using accumulation time (tacc) and accumulation

potential (Eacc). A highly stable response, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.4%, was observed for 45 repetitive measurements. The picric acid also showed good response at CPE in the concentration range of 2×10–6 - 1×10- 4 mol.l–1 with R = 0.9999 and determination limit of

4.7.10-7mol.l–1. There was no accumulation of picric acid found at CPE. A highly stable results were also obtained at CPE with RSD of 1.1% (n= 45). Such a highly stable electrochemical response at both electrodes showed that there was no apparent surface passivation. The method was successfully applied for the direct determination of picric acid in drinking and river water.


145

Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies of Mn (II) Adsorption

from Aqueous Solution onto a Fungus P. Ostreatus

Afsar Khan, T. Mahmood, A. Naeem, Salah, Tauqeer National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

Abstract:

In the present investigation, biosorption of Mn (II) onto P. Ostreatus is studied as a function of pH, temperature, concentration and time. The kinetic data is subjected to pseudo first and pseudo second order kinetic models. The high correlation coefficient and close agreement

between the theoretical and experimental sorption capacity validates the applicability of pseudo second order model to the current data. The adsorption of Mn (II) onto P. Ostreatus increases

with the increase in pH of the system in the pH range 3-8. However, the adsorption is found to decrease with the increase in temperature in the range of 298-328 K at pH 6. Langmuir model well describes the adsorption data with correlation coefficient > 0.92. Both the and values

decrease with increase in the temperature of the system indicating exothermic nature of the system. Various thermodynamic parameters are calculated for the adsorption of Mn (II) onto P.

Ostreatus. Negative values of and indicate that sorption of Mn (II) onto P. Ostreatus is exothermic and spontaneous in nature respectively. The negative values of G decrease with the increase in temperature indicating that adsorption of Mn (II) are favored at lower temperature. The negative value of S shows a decreased randomness at the solid liquid interface. The decrease of isosteric heat of adsorption with the increase in surface loading reveals surface of the

sorbent to be heterogeneous in nature The P. Ostreatus is characterized by means of various techniques including SEM/EDX, surface area, XRD, TG/DTA and FTIR. The FTIR analysis

showed that carbonyl groups of P. Ostreatus are responsible for adsorption of Mn (II) onto P. Ostreatus.

A Convenient Synthesis of Bioactive 5-Arylidenebarbiturates

1Ahsan Sharif*,1Shumaila Chohan, 1Ejaz Ahmed, 1Misbahul Ain Khan, 1Munawar Ali Munawar, 2Muhammad Ashraf

1Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan 2Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, TheIslamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Abstract:

A convenient one pot green chemistry route has been developed for the synthesis of 5-arylidenebarbiturates by way of an acetic acid catalyzed Knoevenagelcondensation of a variety of aromatic aldehydes with barbituric acid. The nineteen target compounds were obtained in 50-90

% yield and characterized by elemental analysis and different spectral techniques such as IR, NMR and EIMS. All of these were screened for antimicrobial activity.


146

Dielectric Properties of La2O3-doped Barium Zirconium Titanate Ceramics

for Tunable Ceramic Capacitors

Asad Mahmood, Abdul Naeem, Yaseen Iqbal NCE in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar

Abstract:

Lanthanum doped barium zirconate titanate Ba1-xLax(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 ceramics were prepared by conventional solid state sintering route. La3+ ions substitute for A-site Ba2+ ions to enter the unit cell maintaining the perovskite structure in the form of solid solution. Phase purity

and microstructure were investigated using XRD and SEM. The dielectric properties and dielectric loss at room temperature were measured in the range of 1 MHz to 1 GHz using LCR

meter and network analyzer.

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of (2E)-1, 3-

Diphenylprop-2-en-1-one Derivatives

Ejaz Ahmed*, Shahid Latif, Ahsan Sharif, Abdul Razaq Institute of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

Absract:

During flavonoid synthesis in living organisms, chalcones are the major constituents. Chalconespossess various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiplatelet, antiviral and aldose reductase inhibition. In our present research twenty six chalcone derivatives were preparedat ambient temperature. The rate of reaction and thus the yield of the reactions depend upon the substituents attached to the aromatic

ring. Electron donating and electron withdrawing effect of the substituents greatly affect the yield. The physical properties like color, melting point and the solubility of the chalcones also depend

upon the substituents attached to the ring. The synthesized compounds were characterized by using sophisticated spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their biological assays such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, lipoxygenase, cholinesterase, and

tyrosinase inhibition. The compounds showed potent to moderate biological activities.

Probing Ligand-Protein Interactions through Docking Studies of Novel α-

Glucosidase Inhibitors

Farukh Jabeen1, M. Qaiser Fatmi2 and Farzana Latif Ansari 1 Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

Abstract: A chemical library of synthesized triazoles were subjected to in vitro assays showed promising enzymatic activity against the yeast glucosidase; compound 1 being the most active

one. A detailed molecular docking study of these triazoles with the homology modeled glucosidase protein suggested that Phe157, Arg312 and His279 are the major interacting residues in the biding site of the protein and may have a significant role in the inhibition of


147

enzyme’s function. Further binding mode analysis indicated that these triazoles could be stabilized in the active site through the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds as well as by the establishment of hydrophobic contacts with catalytic residues. The calculated ligand-protein

binding affinity and inhibition constant values were also found to be coherent with the experimental IC50 values. We believe that further studies on these triazoles will help to identify

novel scaffolds as glucosidase inhibitors and anti-diabetic lead-candidates.

Thioureas are Exceptionally Versatile as Building Blocks towards the

Synthesis of Variety of Heterocycles

Hummera Rafique*, Aamer Saeed Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad

Abstract:

Thioureas are exceptionally versatile building blocks towards the synthesis of variety of heterocycles, which also possess extensive range of bioactivities. They were converted into five

membered heterocycles with imino moiety like ethyl 4-[2-benzamido-5-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene)-4-oxothiazolidin-3-yl] benzoates by direct cyclization of these thioureas with dimethyl but-2-ynedioate (DMAD) in dry methanol and ethyl 4-[2-benzamido-4-methylthiazol-

3(2H)-yl)]benzoates were prepared by the base-catalyzed cyclization of corresponding thioureas

with 2-bromoacetone and triethylamine in good yields.

Pesticides Residues Analysis in Fruits and Vegetables by Gas

Chromatography and GC Mass

Ihsan Ullah Khan1, Haider khan1, Inayat ur Rahman2 and Murad Ali Khan1 1Departmant of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat.

2Medicinal Botanic Center, PCSIR Labs Complex Peshawar

Absract:

Different fruits and vegetable samples were collected from the district Hangu and Orakzai Agency. Extraction of the samples was carried out using an acetonitrile/toluene

extraction procedure to determine the residual concentration of pesticides GC/MS was used for


148

analysis of GC-amenable pesticides. The data obtained was compared with that of a referenced pesticide by matching molecular weight to a library of known pesticides. Factors studied were retention time, elution time, relative abundance and molecular weight. The results showed that low

molecular weight pesticides were eluted before the high molecular weight pesticides. Pesticides

identified included, Imidacloprid, Lamda cyhalothrin and methoxyfenozide.

Wonderfully Efficient Synthesis of Surfactants by Cost Effective Protocols

Imdad Ullah*, Afzal Shah, Azhar Hussain Shah, Shams-ul-Mahmood and Zia-ur-Rehman Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

For the synthesis of surfactants with desired properties different synthetic strategies are employed. The present work is focused on cost effective protocols with reduced number of steps

for the efficient synthesis of versatile surfactants. We have used starting materials derived from economical sources like monosaccharides, rosin acids, fatty acids etc. Although many natural products are available but only a limited number of them are suitable for being transformed into surfactants. As there is no good universal surfactant for every potential purpose so we have employed synthetic methodologies for the preparation of versatile surfactants. The results reveal

that surfactants for personal care products with good biocompatibility, favorable environmental profile and fast biodegradation can be efficiently synthesized from abundantly available

inexpensive natural sources in as good as 90 % yield.

Antimicrobial Activity of Caralluma Tuberculata and Eruca Sativa plants

Khush bakht Sultan1, Muhammad Zakir1, Rabia1, Hina Fazal2 and Murad Ali Khan1

Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat, Pakistan1 Medicinal Botanic Center, PCSIR Labs Complex Peshawar2

Abstract:

In this study, various extracts of Eruca Sativa and Caralluma Tuberculata plants were

tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram- positive bacteria (Bacillus atrophoeus), Gram-

negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Erwinia carotovora and Agrobacterium tumifaciens) and fungi (Candida albicans) by disc diffusion

method. The results indicated that Eruca Sativa had best antimicrobial activity. Crude, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts showed significant activity against all the bacterial strains, n- hexane extract was

active against Bacillus atrophoeus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa whereas chloroform extract showed results against Bacillus atrophoeus only. Except chloroform extract, all other extracts

were active against fungi as well. Antimicrobial activity of C. Tuberculata was observed to be low.


149

Effect of Modification on the Biosorption of Cd (II) by Strw from Oryza

sativa

Makshoof Athar, Imran Asghar, Umar Farooq Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore

Absract:

A novel biomass was prepared by the reaction of easily available straw from Oryza sativa under microwave radiation. The prepared biosorbent was explored for the biosorption of toxic metal ion Cd(II) from its aqueous solutions. The effect of various environmental parameters

like pH, time, concentration and temperature was studied. The data obtained from batch studies

were used for the mathematical modeling of the biosorption process.

Remediation of Ni (II) Contaminated Water by the Straw from Oryza sativa

Makshoof Athar, Huma Razzaq, Umar Farooq Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore

Abstract:

The straw from Oryza sativa was explored for its remediation characteristics for the Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The effect of various environmental parameters like pH, time,

concentration, dose of biomass and temperature was studied. The kinetics of the process was studied using the available mathematical models. The process was found to be endothermic and

followed Langmuir equilibrium models among various studied models.

Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Microgels for Catalytic

Applications

Muhammad Ajmal, Zahoor Hussain Farooqi, Mohammad Siddiq* Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad

Abstract:

Multi-responsive poly(N-isoprpylacrlamide-methacrylic acid-acrylamide) [P(NIPAM-MAA-AAm)] copolymer microgel has been prepared by free radical emulsion polymerization. In

order to remove unreacted monomers and surfactant, the resultant microgel was purified by dialysis for two weeks against very frequently changed water at room temperature. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized inside the microgel network by in-situ reduction of AgNO3. Temperature sensitivity of microgel at four different pH values and pH sensitivity of the microgel at room temperature was studied by dynamic laser light scattering. At low pH and high

temperature microgel was found to be unstable due to aggregation of particles. Optical properties of silver nanoparticles were investigated by UV-Visible spectroscopy at different temperature and

pH values and a red shift was observed in surface plasmon resonance wavelength with increase in pH of surrounding medium. The reduction of p-nitrophenol was carried out in the presence of hybrid microgels to investigate the catalytic activity of the hybrid system at 25°C and 55°C in

aqueous medium. For this catalytic reaction a time delay of 8 to 10min was observed at room


150

temperature, which was reduced to 2min at high temperature. The apparent rate constant was found to be dependent on temperature and concentration of hybrid microgel. Highest value of apparent rate constant was observed at 55°C. The results showed that P(NIPAM-MAA-AAm)

copolymer microgel loaded with silver nanoparticles has a potential to be used as good catalyst

for the reduction of nitrophenol and its derivatives.

Analysis of Human Blood Samples for Selected Heavy Metals in Smokers

and Non Smokers

Muhammad Suleman Khan*, Muhammad Iqbal Khan**, Murad Ali Khan, Saima Gul,

Hussain Ullah Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat-26000

Abstract:

Heavy metal (cadmium, lead, silver, copper, manganese, chromium and iron) contents in the blood samples of smoking and non smoking volunteers have been determined. After the

determination of the metal level, the concentrations of the selected metal contents have been correlated with the smoking habits and pre-history including eating habits of the volunteers. The possible impact of heavy metals accumulations in human body has also been studied and

correlated with food type and consumption.

Study of Aerosol Particulate Matter Pollution in Urban Areas of Peshawar

Muhammad Yasir Bashir*, Hasan M Khan Radiation Chemistry Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry,

University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan

Absract:

There are convincing epidemiological evidences that exposure to high levels of inorganic aerosol particles is associated with adverse health effects. These health effects ranges from

increased pneumonia, asthma, exacerbation of chronic pulmonary diseases like bronchitis, emphysema, rhinitis, increased respiratory symptoms, decreased lung functions, cardiovascular

and visual disorders. The present study reports the use of PILS (particle into liquid sample) coupled with IC, for the first time in Pakistan, for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the air of Peshawar, one of the big cities of Pakistan and also finding the sources of these inorganic

aerosols. For this purpose we collected air samples from G.T Road, Ring Road, Industrial state, Hayatabad, Cantt area, Khyber bazar, Qissa khwani, and alot of other sites. During our analysis Li+, NH4

+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Na+, Br-, Cl-,NO3-, NO2

-, and SO4- were found as main inorganic

species in air. According to WHO recommendations, the maximum permissible level of these

inorganic aerosols must not exceed the limit of 120ug/m3/day. But in our case, near Bala-e-Khisar forte and Karkhano Pattak the concentration of these inorganic aerosols exceeds than maximum permissible level. Because of these high concentrations of aerosols, the inhabitants of these areas and those working in these areas are liable to be affected by the adverse health affects


151

Biological Activities of Different Tea Varieties Available in Pakistan

Muhammad Zakir1, Khush Bakht Sultan1, Rabia1, Hinal Fazal2 and Murad Ali Khan1 1Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat, Pakistan

2Medicinal Botanic Center, PCSIR Labs Complex Peshawar

Abstract: In this study, various extracts of Camellia sinensis and Cymbopogon citrates were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against six bacterial strains such as E.coli, S.typhai,

P.aeuroginosa, S.aureus, E.carotovora, A.tumifaciens and one fungal strain C. albicans by disc diffusion method. Methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and aqueous fractions of Green tea showed significant activity against all the bacterial strains except chloroform fraction which was

inactive against E.coli and C.albicans, while Ethyl acetate was inactive against S.typhai and hexane was inactive against S.aureus.

Chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction of black tea showed highest activity against these tested organisms, while other fractions showed very less or no activity against tested organisms. Cymbopogon citrates showed activity against all different extract while methanol extract showed

highest activity.

Solubilization of Cholesterol in Micellar Colloids

Naveed Ullah Jamroz Department of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan

Abstract:

The Cholesterol Solubility in aqueous solutions of Biological Surfactants as Na-Cholic, Na-Deoxycholic, and Na-Dehydrocholic acids and their interpretable Binary mixtures as well as Mixtures with Classical Surfactants as Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), Sodium Dodecylbenzene

Sulfonate (SDBS) and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) under changing concentrations of Sodium Carbonate (Na2Co3) and Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCo3) cum Co-

solvents as Chloroform, Pyridine and Diethylether are presented. The Temperature range was kept between 293.15K --- 313.15K. The Surfactants and their various Mixtures cum other sets of supportive combinations have shown distinct solubility behaviors at lower and higher concentrations. The number of bile salt molecules required to solubilize a single molecule of cholesterol under different environments is reported in the light of explanations of a number of

Modular Approaches e.g, the thermodynamic parameters of solubility are presented by the use of Vant Hoff’s Method. The free energies of transfer of cholesterol from the bile salt environment to

the environments of bile salt and hydrophilic additives are usually positive etc. The enthalpy-entropy compensation phenomenon reveals the importance of the environmental order-disorder on solubility.


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Synthesis and Characterization of PEO-Lithium Manganate Composites

Mohammad Saleem Khan , Saadat Ali*

National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar

Abstract:

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is a unique polymer which is soluble both in aqueous and organic solvents. The composites of PEO with different added materials are studied with great interest due to their wide applications. This paper presents an examination into rheological

properties of poly (ethylene oxide) / lithium manganate composites. High molecular weight host PEO was used - 600,000 g mol-1, and lithium manganate LiMn2O4 prepared in our laboratory was selected as the filler. The solutions of both were prepared in different compositional ratio. These

solutions were subjected to rheological measuremts by Anton Paar’s Physica MCR 301 rheometer. Shear rate – shear stress data was collected and the flow curves at different

temperatures were formed. The effect of lithium manganate on flow curve and other rheological

properties of polymer is determined and discussed.

Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of

Rosuvastatin, Alprazolam and Diclofenic Sodium in API, Pharmaceutical

Formulations and Human Serum by Programming the Detector

Saeeda Nadir Ali1*, Najma Sultana2, M. Saeed Arayne2 1Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270

2United biotech lab, Gulistan-e-Johar, Karachi-75290

Abstract:

Here, we report an efficient RP-HPLC method with UV detection for the simultaneous determination of rosuvastatin, alprazolam and diclofenic sodium in API, pharmaceutical

formulations and human serum. Separation was achieved on Bondapak C18 (25 cm, 0.46 cm, 10 µm) column using 80:20 methanol-water having pH adjusted to 2.9 with 85% o-phosphoric acid. The detector response was monitored at 240 nm and the flow rate was set at 1.0 mLmin-1. The

developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Calibration range was determined to be 0.02-0.64, 0.125-4.0 and 0.05-1.60 µg mL-1 with R2>0.998 and detection and quantitation limits

were found to be 4.0, 17.0, 22.70 ng mL-1 and 12, 52, 22 ng mL-1 respectively. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision of the assay were in the acceptable range of 98.21-101.91 % recovery and 0.20-2.07% RSD.


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Influence of pH and Temperature on Oxidative Degradation of Antibiotic

Sulfamethoxazole

Sajjad Hussaina, Saima Gul, José M. Aquino, Douglas W. Miwa, Artur J. Motheo*a

aInstituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, 13560-970

São Carlos-SP, Brazil

Absract:

Recently, contamination of the environment by pharmaceuticals and remediation of such pollutants has received considerable attention. Within the last few years, an increasing number of

studies have focused on antibiotic degradation using various advance oxidation processes. This study aims the influence of pH and temperature on oxidative degradation and mineralization of a widely used antibiotic, Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), by Fenton process. The experiments were

conducted in a laboratory-scale batch reactor. The effect of different experimental parameters such as pH, temperature and initial pollutant concentration on the degradation and total organic

carbon (TOC) removal of SMX was studied. The acidic pH favors the degradation and mineralization of SMX. The process is enhances by increasing the temperature. Maximum degradation and TOC removal was achieved within 10 and 120 minutes, respectively, at pH 3.0

and 35 oC. The degradation of SMX by this process was found to follow pseudo-first order reaction kinetics. The results indicated that SMX could be completely degraded and efficiently

mineralized using Fenton process in acidic condition at temperature 25-35 oC.

Sol gel Synthesis of Layered Inorganic-organic Hybrid Material based on

Mg-Phyllosilicate for Toxic Metals Sorption

Syed Badshah1,3, Adnan Khan2,3, Amir Sada Khan1 and Claudio Airoldi3 1Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

2Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, 3Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Abstract:

The layered hybrids materials are usually synthesized from one step sol-gel route. An interesting feature associated with these hybrid materials is the presence of organic functionalities

distributed the interlayer cavities. Such kind of materials are useful in different fields e.g. as metal ion extractions, chromatographic determinations, catalysis etc. The synthesis of hybrid was based on magnesium-phyllosilicate model, in which pendant chains have nitrogen atoms, act as

chelating agents for cation complexing from aqueous solutions. A silylating agent was prepared by the reaction of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and acrylonitrile in the presence of methanol.

This silylating agent reacted with Mg(NO3)2.6H2O in methanol by sol-gel process, to lead to the formation of layered Magnesium-phyllosilicate hybrid

The IR spectra showed typical stretching from both inorganic and organic moieties at 1034 and 1131 cm-1 due to Si-O-Si and 2930 cm-1 for CH stretching of organic moiety. Bands at 518 cm-1 and 2239 cm-1 were attributed to Mg-O and C≡N group, respectively. Solid-state 13C NMR spectrum showed signal at 120 ppm, which is attributed to the carbon of C≡N group. For 29Si, the signal were assigned to T3 [RSi(OSi)3], T

2 [(RSi(OSi)2(OH)] and T1 [(RSi(OSi)(OH)2] at

–68 ppm, -56 ppm and –48 ppm, respectively, confirming the bonding of organic moiety to the inorganic backbone. The XRD shows a peak in the 001 plane at 2Ө = 4.700 and 060 plane at 600, confirming the phyllosilicate structure. The materials were tested for removal of toxic metals from

aqueous solutions.


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Effect of Storage and Microwave Roasting on Concentration of Metals

Present in Spices by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Uzma Sattara, Iftikhar Hussain Bukharia, Muhammad Shahidb, Hafiza Sumaira Manzoora, Muhammad Riaza


Absract:

Trace heavy metals are important in daily diets, because of their essential nutritious

value and possible harmful effects. This study was aim to find out the effect of storage and microwave roasting on quantitative profile of metals present in spices available in different

markets of pakistan on Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Ten spices was selected for this purpose i.e. Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), pepper (Piper nigrum), Fenugreek leaf (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ginger (Zingiber

officinale), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Mint (Mentha piperita), Mace (Myristica fragrans) and Nutmeg (Myristicaceae). The effect of the following treatment was studied on metal contents of

selected spices. A wet digestion procedure involving the use of HNO3 to solubilise metals from these materials was adopted. Analysis was carried out by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Results from the study of these physiochemical parameters indicate the effects of microwave

roasting and storage on concentration of metals in spices.

Simultaneous GC-MS Determination of Phenolics, Organic acids, Sugars

and Antioxidant Activity of Freeze-Dried lemon Juice and Pulp

Aijaz A. Bhutto, S. T. H. Sherazi*, M. Younis Talpur National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro

Abstract:

Lemon juice and pulps extracted from lemon fruits were freeze dried. Then evaluation of phenolics, organic acids, sugars and antioxidant activity of freeze-dried lemon juices and pulps

was carried out. Phenolics, organic acids and sugars were determined by GC-MS. More than 28 constituents were detected in the form of phenolics, organic acids and sugars. Organic acids were

found to be dominant followed by sugars and phenolics. Whereas, total phenolis content (TPC) was assessed using Folin–Ciocalteu method and found to be in the range of 11.21 ± 0.02 - 13.02 ± 0.04 and 8.18 ± 0.05 - 9.88 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g of dry weight of freeze dried juice and pulp, respectively. Antioxidant activity (AA) was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging techniques.

Data of the present study may help in proper utilization of lemon juice and pulp with enhanced phenolics, organic acids, sugars and AA and may be useful for consumers and food technologists.


155

Bio-Treatment of Cotton Fabric: A Green Strategy for Textile Surface

Modification

Aisha Rehman, Zulfiqar Ali Raza*, Muhammad Tahir Hussain and Rashid Masood Chemistry Research Laboratory, National Textile University, Faisabad-37610, Pakistan

Abstract:

Pakistan is going through the worst delima of energy crisis which mostly affects the major revenue generating industry of textiles. Traditional textile processes throughout require high amount of water, chemical reagents and energy causing pollution burden on the

environment. The present study proposes the bio pre-treatment of cotton fabric using eco-friendly textile enzymes including amylase, pectinase, catalase, laccase and cellulase. The process time,

temperature, enzyme concentrations were investigated at various pre-treatment stages to optimize the process. The results were assessed by using Tegawa rating test, weight loss, drop test, whiteness index (°CIE) and color strength (K/S), and the fabric surfaces were investigated under

stereo and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). A comprehensive comparison of bio-treated fabrics was done with the conventional chemical treated fabrics. Minimum reduction in fabric

weight and the best Tegawa rating to be 6-7 were achieved by using enzymatic treatment. The absorbency, °CIE and K/S values were comparable for the both chemical and biological treated fabrics. The results of stereo microscopy and SEM showed an adequate modification in the surface of cotton fabric. So the enzyme treatment could be more promising alternative of chemical treatment making the textile processes cost effective, energy efficient and environmental

sustainable.

Fabrication of Essential Oil-Entrapped-Chitosan Microcapsules and

Physico-Chemical and Surface Characterization There-of

Amjed Javid, Zulfiqar Ali Raza* and Tanveer Hussain National Textile University, Faisabad-37610, Pakistan

Abstract:

Microcapsules of chitosan with separate eucalyptus and sandalwood oils were successfully fabricated by using modified emulsification technique. The aqueous phase/oil phase

emulsion was prepared and stabilized by using separate cationic CTAB surfactant and anionic rhamnolipid surfactant. The process was optimized for minimal sized microcapsules by varying the concentrations of chitosan, sandalwood/eucalyptus oils and bio/surfactants. The average size and two dimensional morphology of the dispersed microcapsules were measured by using zeta sizer and phase contrast microscope, respectively; whereas three dimensional images of

microcapsules once applied on the cotton fabric were recorded under scanning electron microscopy. There observed that the average size of the microcapsules depends on the mass ratio of core to shell materials, aqueous phase to oil phase material ratio, and the concentration and type of surfactant. The biosurfactants exhibited more significant effect on micro capsular size than their counter synthetic surfactant.


156

Synthesis of Derivatives of Novel Calixarene and its Applications in

Electrochemistry

Anita Abbas Memon, Shahabuddin Memon , Amber Rehana Solangi National Center Of Excellence in an Analytical Chemistry University Of Sindh Jamshoro Sindh

Abstract:

Discovery as by-products in the phenol-formaldehyde condensation to prepare bakelites, the calixarenes have gained much attention for their application as both sensors and chemo receptors. Their rigid conformation enables calixarenes to act as host molecules as a result of their

preformed cavities [1]. One of the most familiar applications of calixarene is acting as a sensor when applied on the liquid membrane electrode. Liquid membrane type ion selective electrode

provides one of the most versatile sensing method because it is possible to select the various sensory element according to structure of analytes. Based on the recent advance of host-guest chemistry, liquid membrane type ISEs for ions have been extensively developed by the use of

macrocyclic hosts such as Calixarene [2]. A number of calixarene derivatives exhibit different degrees of receptor ionophoric activity [3] containing pendant ether, amide, ketonic and ester

groups have been incorporated as neutral carriers into ion-selective electrodes sensitive to different ions [4]. Considerable effort has been directed toward the design and synthesis of a highly selective ionophore as a sensory molecule for ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). The use of ISEs for the detection of lead has received much interest, and many ligands have been investigated as sensing agents in electrode based ionophore-doped poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)

membranes. The fact that PVC electrodes have low resistance and that are easy to construct has

increased interest in the implementation of these electrode in the place of glass membrane.

Phytochemical and Biological analysis of Adonis aestivalis

Asim Anwara, Muhammad Zubair*a, Komal Rizwana, Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haqb, Nasir Rasoola, Muhammad Farmanc, Muhammad Riaza,

aDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan bResearch Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of

Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan cDepartment of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan

Abstract:

Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and a substantial number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, many based on their use in traditional medicines. Present research work is a part of such investigations on Adonis aestivalis.

Different fractions were taken by solvent extraction method and their phytochemicals and biological analyses (antimicrobial and antioxidant) were carried out. Essential oil of the plant was

extracted and subjected to GC-MS analysis. During the course of this work, n-butanol, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate and Methanol fractions were studied by HPLC and LC-MS. The cytotoxicity was analyzed by haemolytic assay.


157

Investigation of Phytoconstituents and Mineral Contents of Gemmomodified

and Native Parts of Two Medicinal Plants

Madiha Ghulam Rasool, Nazish Jahan, Fatiqa Zafar, Khalil-ur-Rehman, Saba Aslam. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad

Abstract:

Gemmomodified and native parts of Lallemantia royleana and Trachyspermum ammi were analyzed for their photochemicals, minerals and vitamin C compositions. The results of phytoconstituents indicated that the alkaloids content was higher in native parts of Lallemantia

royleana as compared to gemmo parts. Native parts of Trachyspermum ammi showed higher flavonoids, glycosides, steroids and triterpenoids, saponins, tannins and total polyphenolic

contents compared to gemmo parts. The lower values for glycosides, steroids and triterpenoids, saponins, tannins and total polyphenolic contents were exhibited by gemmomodified parts of Lallemantia royleana. The analysis of mineral contents indicated higher amount of Mg and Fe in

native parts of Trachyspermum ammi. Ca and Cr were higher in native parts of Lallemantia royleana. Mn, Co and K were higher in gemmo parts of Trachyspermum ammi. Analysis of

tannins indicated the maximum tannin content of gemmo parts of Lallemantia royleana. Amount

of Vitamin C was found to be greater in native parts of both plants.

Thermodynamic Study of Chromium (III) Sorption from Aqueous Solutions

by the Organic Ion Exchangers

K. H. Shah*, S. Mustafa, M. Waseem, M. Hamayun National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan

Abstract:

The sorption of Cr(III) on three cation exchangers Amberlite.IRC-50(Na+),

Amberlite.IR-120(Na+) and Amberlyst.15(Na+) is studied as a function of temperature and concentration. Langmuir equation is found to be well applicable to the sorption data. The maximum sorption capacity of these exchangers for Cr(III) sorption is observed to follow the

order Amberlyst.15(Na+) > Amberlite.IR-120(Na+) > Amberlite.IRC-50(Na+). The pH is observed to increase during sorption of Cr(III) on these exchangers. Using the Langmuir constants,

thermodynamics parameters (∆S, ∆H and ∆G) are calculated. The studies proved that these

exchangers have a great potential for the removal of heavy metal ion.

Removal and Recovery of Pb Ions from Waste Water Stream using Locally

Isolated Fungus Strain

Kiran Aftab, Abdul Jabbar, Kalsoom Akhtar

Government College University,Faisalabad

Abstract:

The intention of this study is to assess the environmentaly friendly Pb(II) adsorption from industrial wastewater using Aspergillus flavus isolate HFS 18S RNA. The optimum

conditions for Pb(II) removal were found to be pH 4.5, 30 ºC, 0.5 g/l pulp density and increases in


158

initial 600ppm Pb(II) concentration resulted in higher maximum capacity (qmax= 235.1mg/g). The biosorbent regeneration was achieved by contacting 0.01 M HCl with 75.3% Pb recovery. The applicability of the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Raduskinov isotherms for representation

of the experimental data was investigated. Among these Freundlich model best explain the lead sorption performances. At optimized experimental parameters, the maximum adsorption

distribution coefficient value was 1309.65 mg metal/mL at initial lead concentration value of 100 mg/L. A comparison of nine kinetic models, showed that the removal rate was heavily dependent on diffusion control pseudo second-order and saturation mixed order kinetic models with Rval=

0.99. The adsorption mechanism was examined by the FTIR technique. The results of the

thermodynamic investigations indicated that the adsorption reactions were spontaneous (∆G<0), slightly endothermic and reversible.

Simultaneous Determination of Total Polar Compounds, Carbonyl Value,

Conjugated Diene and Triene in Canola Frying oil by Transmission FT-IR

Spectroscopy

M.Younis Talpur*, S.T.H.Sherazi, Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro 76080,

Pakistan

Abstract:

The quantity of total polar compounds (TPC), carbonyl value (CV), conjugated diene

(CD) and conjugated triene (CT) were monitored in canola oil submitted to potato chips frying. Transmission Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was applied to attain improved sensitivity using 100 µm KCl cell. The results obtained were found to be comparable with standard reported methods. The calibration models were developed for TPC, CV, CD and CT using partial least square (PLS) regression. Excellent regression results were obtained with

coefficient of determination 0.997, 0.997, 0.999 and 0.999 for TPC, CV, CD and CT, respectively. The developed calibration models were applied on samples of canola oil drawn during frying. A range of 1.33 to 19.55% for TPC, 7.12 to 31.06 µmol/g for CV, 3.17 to 26.96 mmol/l for CD and 0.01 to 6.67 mmol/l for CT were found in canola oil from 0 to 7 h frying period. A linear relationship was obtained between CD and TPC with a good correlation of

coefficient (R2 = 0.936). Results of the study clearly indicated that transmission FTIR-PLS method could be used for quick and precise evaluation of oxidative changes during the frying process. Furthermore, results also revealed that there is strong need to investigate in depth the

security of oils submitted to frying process.

Magnetic Nanoparticles Impregnated on Orange Peel for the Efficient

Removal of Ni (II) from Aqueous Solutions

Mansoor Khan*, Jasmin Shah, Muhammad Rasul Jan Institute of Chemical Sciences, University Of Peshawar, Peshawar

Abstract:

Orange peel from agriculture waste was impregnated with magnetic nanoparticles through co-precipitation with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNP) for the removal of Ni (II). The


159

adsorbent was characterized by FTIR, SEM, and EDX analysis. The adsorption behavior of Ni (II) on MNP impregnated orange peel (MNP-OP) was studied under different parameters like pH, contact time, shaking, adsorbent dose, initial metal ion concentration and temperature. The

kinetics studied was carried out showing that it follows second order kinetics with correlation coefficient of 0.9948. The adsorption equilibrium successfully fits into Langmuir adsorption

isotherm (R2=0.9954) with the adsorption capacity (Qo) of 1111.11 mgg-1. The positive ∆H value shows that the reaction is endothermic. The adsorption study MNP-OP shows that it has considerable potential for the removal of Ni (II) from aqueous solution as well as the technical

feasibility, adsorbent for wastewater treatment.

Hyper-Accumulation of Lead from Contaminated Soil by Jasmine

Muhammad Idrees Jilania, Muhammad Asif Hanifa, Tariq Mahmood Ansarib, Nasira Perveenb

aDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad bDepartment of Environmental Sciences, GC University Faislabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

Jasmine is a metal hyper-accumulator plant. In the present study, jasmine was cultivated in metal contaminated soil to evaluate its lead accumulation ability. Lead accumulation in the

jasmine was not found to be toxic for food chain and environment as the highest lead accumulation was found in jasmine roots. Jasmine flowers were found to contain lowest lead concentration. Lead accumulation by jasmine was found related to irrigation water and soil pH as well as to concentration of lead present in wastewater. Maximum bioaccumulation was observed

after 50 days. At soil pH 5 and 400 mg/L initial concentration of Pb(II) in industrial wastewater maximum lead accumulation was observed. Phyto-accumulation using jasmine may lead to more

optimized site investigations and reduce contaminated site cleanup costs.

Adsorption of Chromium from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon

Prepared from Corncobs

Mohammad Ilyas, Muhammad Taufique

NCE in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar

Abstract:

Activated carbon is an excellent adsorbing material widely used for the purification of

water and removal of pollutants. The main characteristics of activated carbon are its high surface area and high adsorption capacity. Large numbers of materials are used for the preparation of activated carbons. In this study, five activated carbons were produced from corncobs, using phosphoric acid as the activating agent. These samples were pyrolyzed at 170°C and then

activated at 450°C in the flow of nitrogen or air or in the flow of nitrogen followed by that of air. The prepared activated carbon samples were characterized by the determination of tap and apparent densities, titrable surface functional groups, ash content, pH of the aqueous solution of the product, Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. The effects of various

parameters like pH of the solution, contact time, particle size of the adsorbent, initial concentration of adsorbate, amount of adsorbent and the agitation speed on the adsorption of Cr (VI) were studied.


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Methanolysis of Eruca Sativa Oil for Optimized Production of Biodiesel

Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz a, b, Muhammad Danish a, Muhammad Zubair a, Muhammad

Nadeem Zafer a, Mehrban Ashiq a

a Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Pakistan b Department of Chemistry, GC University Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract:

Present work describes the optimized methanolysis of Eruca sativa oil for the production

of biodiesel. The reaction parameters for biodiesel production using chemical and enzymatic methanolysis of Eruca sativa oil were optimized using RSM. Different reaction parameters viz catalyst/enzyme type, catalyst/enzyme concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and

methanol to oil molar ratio were optimized and comprehensive study was conducted to achieve highest biodiesel yields using both chemical and enzymatic methanolysis. NaOCH3 catalyzed

methanolysis was depicted to give highest biodiesel yields comparative to KOH, NaOH catalyzed methanolysis whereas, during enzymatic methanolysis, NOVOZYME-435 catalyzed methanolysis resulted into higher biodiesel yields comparative to A.n.Lipase catalyzed

methanolysis reactions. For optimized chemical methanolysis, 0.5 to 0.75% catalyst concentrations, 6:1 to 7.5:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 45 to 52.5oC and 60 min reaction time,

whereas, for enzymatic methanolysis 1.0 to 1.25% enzyme concentrations, 6:1 to 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 30 to 32.5oC reaction temperature and 60 to 96 hrs were found to be optimized reaction parameters to obtain highest product yields. Monitoring of methanolysis of Eruca sativa

oil was carried out using FTIR spectroscopy and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), while compositional analysis of synthesized biodiesels was performed with Gas

Chromatography equipped with Mass Spectrometric detector (GC-MS).

Reactivity of •OH Radical with Gamma Irradiated Ciprofloxacin and

Norfloxacin in Aqueous Solution.

Murtaza Sayed, Hasan M.Khan Radiation Chemistry Labs, NCE Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.

Abstract:

Gamma ray degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norofloxacin (NORO) pharmaceuticals present in aqueous solution was investigated. Gamma irradiation was carried out

in Milli-Q water solutions of CIP and NORO over dose range of 145 – 870 Gy. CIP and NORO at initial concentration of 1.5 x 10-5 mol dm-3 were almost completely decomposed at absorbed dose of 870 Gy. Experiments showed that G-values decreases from 0.56 molecules / 100 eV to 0.14

molecules/100eV for ciprofloxacin and from 0.52 molecules/100 eV to 0.13 molecules/100 eV for norofloxacin as the radiation dose increases from 145 to 870 Gy. The saturation of sample

solutions by N2, air and N2O gasses showed that •OH radical is the main active specie involved in the γ-ray degradation of ciprofloxacin and norofloxacin. Using phenol as competitor, the rate constant of ciprofloxacin and norofloxacin with hydroxyl radical was found to be 2.64 x 109 L /

mole.sec and 4.744 x 109 L / mole.sec respectively.


161

Factors Influencing the Kinetics of the Photo-Assisted Persulfate Based

Destruction of Endosulfan in Water

Noor Samad Shah1,2, Javed Ali Khan1,2, Hasan M. Khan1 and Dionysios D. Dionysiou2, 1Radiation Chemistry Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry,

University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati,

Cincinnati, OH 45221-0071, USA

Abstract:

He removal of commonly used organochlorine insecticide, endosulfan, an emerging pollutant from water was explored using UV-C assisted persulfate (PS, S2O8

2−) (UV/S2O82−) based

advance oxidation processes (AOPs). The results obtained showed destruction of endosulfan to be a function of UV fluence (mJ/cm2) and initial concentration of S2O8

2−. A removal of 91% of endosulfan was achieved using an initial endosulfan concentration of 2.46 uM at a UV fluence of

480 mJ/cm2 and S2O82−/endosulfan molar ratio of 20:1. The kinetic study was carried out using

different initial concentration of endosulfan and S2O82− and found to be pseudo-first order kinetic.

An increase in fluence-based pseudo-first order rate constant (cm2/mJ) was observed with increasing S2O8

2− initial concentration while it decreases with increasing initial concentration of endosulfan. The destruction of endosulfan was found to be mainly due to the presence of sulphate (SO4

•−) and partly hydroxyl (•OH) radical using quenching agent study. The effect of natural organic matter (NOM) i.e. humic acid and falvic acid on UV/S2O8

2− based destruction of

endosulfan were studied and found to be greatly influenced. The analysis of by-products formed was carried out using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detector and mass spectral

search program (GC-MS/NIST) technique. The by-products detected were endosulfan sulfate, endosulfan alcohol, endosulfan lactone, endosulfan ether, endosulfan dichloride, hexachloro cyclopentadiene and organic acids such as, glutaric acid. The formation of glutaric acid shows

that almost complete oxidation of endosulfan can be achieved using this technique.

Investigation of Phenolic Contents, Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities of

Different Parts of Selected Medicinal Plants

Rehana Naseer1, Bushra Sultana1*, Farooq Anwar 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad

Abstract:

Present study was conducted to investigate methanolic extracts from different parts (leaf, bark and seed) of three medicinal plants namely neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), kiker (Acacia

nilotica L.) and jaman (Eugenia jambolana L.), for their total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF) antioxidant and antifungal attributes. Appreciable amounts of TP and TF from different parts of the selected medicinal plants were found ranged from 4.43 to 176.16 mg GAE/g DW and 16.33 to 41.92 mg CE/g DW. Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts was assessed by using three assays: reducing power, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity and inhibition of peroxidation in

linoleic acid system. All investigated extracts exhibited good antioxidant potential as inhibited oxidation of linoleicacid by 60.16 to 76.53%, reducing power (2.5 to 10 mg/mL concentration)

0.55 to1.49 while DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from 34.02 to 71.54%. Antifungal


162

activity of different parts of selected medicinal plant extracts was also examined by disc diffusion method and micro dilution broth susceptible assay against two toxigenic fungal strains viz. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Among the different investigated parts of selected

medicinal plants, neem leave extract exhibited highest efficacy against both the tested fungi as

well as exhibited potent antioxidant potential.

Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Different Extracts of

Lepidium Sativum by Employing Different Solvents and Techniques.

Sajida Maqbool, Nazish Jahan, Saba Aslam, Khalil-ur-Rehman, Fatiqa zafar.

Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.

Abstract:

Free radicals are very important for human body but their excess production for example

nitric oxide (NO·), hydroxyl radical (·OH), superoxide anion (O2.-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and

peroxynitrite lead to many lethal diseases. Medicinal plants have importance in scavenging these

free radicals and protecting us from fatal diseases. That’s why they are used in folk medicine from a number of years. Actually phytochemical components are responsible for the medicinal worth of these plants. These include phenolics, saponinis, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and essential oils.

This project had been designed to evaluate the free radical scavenging potential of polyphenols in different extracts (seeds) of Lepidium sativum by employing different solvents (methanol, ethyl

acetate, acetone, and n-hexane) and techniques (reflux, mercerization). Antioxidant potential was evaluated against DPPH, nitric and super oxide radicals. Highest polyphenols (56 mgGAE/g) and free radical scavenging potential were observed in methanol extract of Lepidium sativum prepared

using reflux technique. Excellent antioxidant activity was shown against DPPH radical (88 ± 0.019) % followed by nitric oxide and superoxide. . So on the basis of this research, it was

concluded that methanol is best solvent for the extraction of polyphenols and assessment of antioxidant potential. Reflux is better technique for the extraction of polyphenols than mercerization.

Beneficial use of Coal Ash for Enhancing Structural, Electrical and Optical

Properties of Polymeric Blend Composites

Mohammad Saleem Khan*, Sabiha Sultana National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry,University of Peshawar

Abstract:

In the present study, an attempt was made for the first time to characterize indigenous coal ash by various spectroscopic techniques, for exploring its valuable use as additive for polymeric blend composites. The ash incorporation into the polymeric blend composites was

studied by UV/Visible, AC Impedance and Raman spectroscopy. Based on the above techniques an optimum composition was investigated for the composite system.


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GC-MS, HPLC Profiling and Biological Analysis of Perovskia abrotanoides

(Russian Sage).

Sadaf Naz Ashrafa, Muhammad Zubair*a, Nasir Rasoola, Komal Rizwana , Muhammad Riaza, Muhammad Shahidc, Aziz -Ur -Rehmanc, Shafqat Alid

aDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan bDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040,

Pakistan cDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan

dDepartment of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan

Abstract:

There is an urgent need of proper and systematic investigation of plant in order to isolate pharmacologically active ingredients, in view of the profound importance of plants as remedy for diseases. Present research work is a part of such investigations on Perovskia abrotanoides. It

belongs to the family Lamiaceae. Phytochemical studies and biological analysis were carried out. Different fractions were taken by solvent extraction method and their antimicrobial and

antioxidant activities were determined. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites of plant was studied. The oils were investigated by GC–MS. The phenolics were analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS. The cytotoxicity was analyzed by haemolytic assay.

Smokeless Chewing Tobacco Products Elevates Human Exposure to

Arsenic: Risk Estimate

Sadaf Sadia Arain*, Tasneem Gul Kazi, Hassan Imran Afridi National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan.

Abstract:

It was extensively investigated that smokeless tobacco (SLT), chewed or snuffed can lead mainly to inflammation of the oral cavity. In this study, the concentration of arsenic (As) was estimated in smokeless tobacco products (gutkha, mainpuri, dry and moist snuff), consumed and

available in Pakistan. Total As in different SLT products was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry prior to microwave assisted extraction method. The validity of

methodology was tested by simultaneously analyzing certified reference material (Virginia tobacco leaves) and standard addition method. The level of As was higher in dry and moist snuff as compared to gutkha and mainpuri samples. The range of arsenic concentrations in moist snuff, dry snuff, gutkha and mainpuri were (0.574- 1.53), (0.642 -1.07), (0.246-0.622) and (0.419-0.874) µg g-1, respectively. The variation in concentration of As content in different brands of same

products indicates that the processing technologies are exclusive and different for each smokeless tobacco products. The results are nearly comparable to the existing data with limited exceptions. We estimated that a daily intake of 10 g of understudy SLT products could contribute 2.0-12.2% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake for As in adults.


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Evaluation of the Conducting Polymers as Anadsorbents for the Eradication

of As (III) from Aqueous Solution using ICP-OES

Sadia Ata*, Andeelfarooq Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus Lahore 54590, Pakistan

Abstract:

There are many organic, inorganic and bio materials that had been synthesized and used for the removal of heavy metals .Polymers and resins also give good adsorbent properties. In this studies four conductive polymers(polypyrrole,polyaniline, polythiophene(FeCl3) and

polythiophene(CuSO4) were synthesized chemically and characterized by FTIR and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis.The particle size of all synthesized polymers was ranged in

nano scale. Removal efficiency of polymers was evaluated for arsenic from aqueous solution. Batch technique was carried out using Polypyrrole (PPY), polyanaline (PANI) and polythiophene (THOI). Different adsorbent parameters were applied and studied like dose, contact time,

temperature, anpH. Langmuir and Freundich Isotherms were used to investigate the mechanism of arsenic removal from water .Polypyrrole has qmax19.41mg/g, polyanilne 4.60mg/g, polythiophene

(FeCl3) 8.9mg/g and polythiophene (CuSO4) 78.12 mg/g. The values of R2 and n favored the Freundlich adsorption isotherm and were supported heterogeneity of adsorbentB.oth models Show satisfactory results for the removal of arsenic from water using conductive polymers. However, the effect of various adsorbents would be varying due to different type of surface area, particle size and morphology. As it can be seen in the scanning electron microscope (SEM)

micrographs, THOI with different oxidants play a key role on the surface appearance of products because the total surface area increases as the particle size decreases. Hence, it can be concluded

that all conducting polymers could be effectively used for removal of As (III)and other toxic metals from aqueous solution.

Monitoring of the Flue Gases of Different Sources in an Petroleum

Oil Refinery

Sadia Ata1*, Shoaib Hussain2, Ata Rasool1 , Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry2

‡ Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus Lahore 54590, Pakistan, 2 College of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract:

Global warming is serious threat to the environment. Greenhouse gases are being

introduced into environment by different sources are cause of Global Warming. Flue gases generated by the power plants are main source of such gases. Increased concentration of the greenhouse gases results in the grievous global warming and other consequences. The purpose of

present study was to get database for the prevention measures monitoring the air pollutants like the discharge of flue gases (CO, CO2, SOx, NOx, CxHx, H2S, and O2) from different points in the

petroleum oil refinery through out the year. For this purpose twelve different points were selected in oil refinery in Punjab Province of Pakistan, where two kind of fuel was used for power generation and other processes of refining the crude oil. Fossil fuel is used for the power

generation and it is of very concerned due to its environmental impacts. Flue gases are always emitted from these power plants causing environmental problems. Electrochemical analyzer is used for the analysis. The results were compared with National environmental quality standards (NEQ`s). There were found some parameter exceeding the given limit.


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Remediation of Textile Dyes containing Wastewater using Agricultural

Wastes: Kinetic and Equilibrium Modeling

Sana Sadaf, Haq Nawaz Bhatt* Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of

Agriculture, Faisalabad-Pakistan.

Abstract:

This study involves the remediation of dyes containing synthetic wastewater using different agricultural wastes such as bagasse, peanut husk, sunflower biomass, corncobs and

cotton sticks. The simulated wastewater was prepared using Indosol Black NF and Indosol Turquiose FBL commonly used dyes in the textile industry. The effect of different process

parameters such as medium pH, biosorbent particle size, dose, contact time etc, was investigated in batch study. The effect of pretreatments on the dye adsorption capacity was also exploited. The results indicated that equilibrium was established within 15-30 min. The equilibrium data was

subjected to various kinetic and equilibrium modeling. The adsorption of both dyes followed pseudo-second order model and Langmuir isotherm model. Effect of surfactants, heavy metal ions

and salt concentration was also explored. Desorption study was carried out using different eluents. Finally FTIR spectrum and Scanning electron microscopy images were also taken to investigate the functional groups involved and surface morphology of the agricultural wastes used in the present study. The results indicated that agricultural wastes could be used to treat dyes containing

effluents and environmental pollution could be minimized.

Efficient Mineralization of Lindane by UV Photolysis of PMS: Implication of

Room Light to the Fe(II)/PMS System for Lindane Remediation

Sanaullah Khan1,2, Dionysios D. Dionysio2 , Hasan Mahmood khan1 1Radiation Chemistry Laboratory, NCE in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar,

Peshawar (25120), Pakistan 2 Drinking Water, Water Supply, Quality and Treatment, and Environmental Nanotechnology

Laboratories, College of Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA.

Abstract:

Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) driven by iron (II) mediated activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of a notorious model chlorinated pesticide; lindane was carried out in presence of room light and Ultra violet irradiations. Two critical operational parameters such as variation of the oxidant and catalyst concentration on the solute degradation rate were optimized. Probably, this work is the first

instance for coupling of ultra violet and room light (tube-light) source for aqueous lindane remediation in Fe (II)/ PMS system. The high oxidation efficiencies of the free radicals (SO4

•−), in combination with the slow rate of consumption of the oxidants, make these processes very effective for the degradation of recalcitrant organic compounds. The effectiveness of the processes was measured in terms of solute decay and total organic carbon (TOC) removal

efficiency. At UV dose of mere 1000 mJ, more than 90 % of lindane mineralization was achieved using micro molar quantities of Fe (II) with PMS. While no significant degradation was observed

in dark, efficient lindane elimination was achieved by Fe (II) mediated activation of PMS using


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ordinary room light energy which accounted for 50% and 90 % lindane removal in 240 and 460 minutes, respectively. The [oxidant]/[catalyst] molar ratio play vital role in the room light/Fe (II)/PMS system and 1:1 ratio was found to be optimum value. The various intermediate by-

products identified by GC-MS can be effectively used to suggest a plausible reaction mechanism

for room light/Fe (II)/PMS system.

Degradation and Mineralization of Azo Dye Reactive Blue 222 by Sequential

Photo-Fenton's Oxidation and Aerobic Biological Treatment using

White Rot Fungi

Shumaila Kiran*, Shaukat Ali**, Muhammad Asgher Bajwa** *Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad.

**Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad

Abstract:

A two stage sequential Photo-Fenton's oxidation followed by aerobic biological treatment using two white rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus IBL-02 (PO) and Phanerochaete chrysosporium IBL-03 (PC) was used to achieve decolorization and to enhance mineralization of azo dye Reactive Blue 222 (RB222). In the first stage, decolourization was performed using

Photo-Fenton's oxidation with decolourization percentage ≈ 90%. This was further increased to 96.88% and 95.23% after aerobic treatment using two white rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus IBL-02 (PO) and Phanerochaete chrysosporium IBL-03 (PC), respectively. Mineralization efficiency was

accessed by measuring the water quality assurance parameters like COD, TOC, TSS, Phenolics estimation. Reduction in COD, TOC, TSS and Phenolics were found to be 95.34%, 90.11%,

90.84% and 92.22%, respectively in two stage sequential processes. The degradation products were also characterized by UV–visible and FTIR techniques and their toxicity was measured

using Daphnia magna. The results provide evidence that the successive chemical/aerobic biological stages, using white rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus IBL-02 (PO) and Phanerochaete chrysosporium IBL-03 (PC), separately were able to oxidize and mineralize the selected azo dye into non-toxic metabolites. In the current scenario, a combination of advanced oxidation and biological processes seem to be the most desired solution for achieving significant degradation

and mineralization of azo dyes into simpler compounds.

Pine Nut Shells: Efficient Biosorbent for the Removal of Phthalates

Umair A. Qureshi a*, Amber R Solangi a

National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro

Abstract:

This study highlights the importance of using pine nut shells (PNSs), an efficient bio

waste, as an adsorbent material for the abatement of toxic phthalates from aqueous medium. PNSs show high affinity towards phthalates in the descending order i.e., Di butyl phthalate > di allyl

phthalate> di ethyl phthalate> di methyl phthalate. Different characterization techniques such as FTIR, elemental analysis,Point of zero electric charge, SEM, EDX and BET surface area analyzer were employed to investigate the binding sites and surface area of adsorbent. Adsorption

experiment was performed both in a batch and column mode. Maximum phthalate removal was


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achieved through optimized conditions. The investigation through optimizing experimental conditions shows that maximum phthalate uptake was achieved at pH2, time 120 min, amount of adsorbent 0.4 g. further more, thermodynamic results expressed exothermic nature of adsorption

on the basis of negative value of enthalpy change. Column sorption method was also adapted to check the feasibility of adsorption process through the investigation of flow rate and breakthrough

curve. Recovery studies of phthalates were also performed and the best solvent for the recovery of phthalates was found to be methanol. Equilibrium studies showed that Langmuir isotherm fits best to our experimental data. Kinetically, adsorption phenomena obeyed pseudo second order. The

overall result proved that phthalates can be removed much efficiently by using PNSs since it

saves cost and labor. Application in real water samples also showed good efficiency of PNS

Effect of Non-ionic Surfactants (Tween Series) on Micellization Behavior of

Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatoy Drug, Naproxen Sodium, in Aqueous

Solution

Noor Saeed Khattak 1, Gulrez Fatima Durrani, 1 M Siddiq2, Abdur Rauf1

1Department of Chemistry, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 2Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad

Abstract:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are amongst the most commonly given categories of drugs worldwide in the treatment of pain, irritation and some of them even fever in

many conditions. Critical micelle concentration of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) NAPROXEN SODIUM and its mixture with Non-ionic Surfactants (TWEEN 20,

TWEEN 40 and TWEEN 60) was determined at different temperature i.e. 293K, 303K, 313K and 323K and different concentrations by using Surface Tension, Laser light scattering (Dynamic

Light Scattering) techniques. NEPROXEN SODIUM showed somehow amphiphilic behavior in aqueous solution in that they accumulate at interface, depressing the surface tension and form aggregate in solution at sufficiently high concentration. Thermodynamic/adsorption properties like ∆Gmic, ∆Hmic, ∆Smic, гmic and A2 of NAPROXEN SODIUM in the presence of surfactants were also determined at different temperature.The results showed that the free energy of micellization

is favored in the presence of surfactants and become more favorable with increase in temperature. Further the solubility contents of drug is more favorable with increase in polyethylene chain in basic surfactants molecules i.e. 20 to 60, which show that TWEEN 60 enhanced the solubility of

NAPROXEN SODIUM comparatively to greater extent.

Kinetics of Arsenate from Aqueous Solutions by Ferric Phosphate

M. T. Saddique*, M. Hamayun, T. Mahmood, A. Naeem

National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Fasalabad

Abstract:

Kinetic investigation of arsenate adsorption on ferric phosphate was carried out at different temperatures. The kinetic study was conducted at two different pHs i.e pH 6 and 8.

Different kinetic models have been applied to the kinetic data amongst which pseudo second


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order model was found best fit with a regression coefficient (R2) 0.98. The adsorption mechanism of the kinetics was investigated by employing inraparticle diffusion model, Richenberg model and Elovich model. Application of the intraparticle diffusion model confirmed that intraparticle is not

the sole rate limiting step where as the Richenberg model suggested film diffusion to be the rate limiting step. The energy of activation (Ea) was determined by using Arrhenius equation and was

found to be 30 and 33.06 kJ/mol at pH 6 and pH 8, respectively, suggesting chemisorption nature of the adsorption process. The thermodynamic parameters i.e enthalpy of activation ( H#), entropy of activation ( S#) and free energy of activation ( G#) were evaluated by applying

Eyring,s equation. The positive G# and H# values describe that the process is non spontaneous

and endothermic in nature.

Chemical Modulation of Calcium Oxalate Particles by Nickel Doping

Khlalida Akhtar*, Ikram Ul Haq, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar,

Peshawar-25120, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract:

Calcium oxalate particles were precipitated by mixing aqueous solutions of oxalic acid and calcium oxalate at room temperature in a sonicator in the absence and presence of nickel ions.

Effect of various parameters, such as concentration of the reactants, and their order of mixing were investigated in detail. Results revealed that morphology of the precipitated particles

dependent upon the applied experimental conditions. As such, conditions were optimized under which particles with well-defined morphologies, i.e. platelets, bipyramidals, spheroids, etc could be obtained.Selected batches of the as-prepared and heat-treated particles were characterized by various physical methods, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), and thermal analysis system

(TG/DTA).

A Study on the Extraction of Silica from the Rice Husk Ash

IkramUlHaq, Khalida Akhtar*, Abdul Malik, Khan Malook, HassebAhsan

National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar,

Peshawar-25120, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract:

This study deals with the extraction of silica from the rice husk ash (RHA) obtained from

the locally available rice husk by the controlled heating process at the elevated temperature (~450 oC). SEM observation showed that RHA had well-defined microstructure and porosity. XRD

analysis revealed that RHA was crystalline in nature and composed of quarts, cristobolite, and

moganite. In addition the EDX analysis indicated that the same material contained various

elements, i.e Fe, Ca, K, P, Si, Al, Mg, O, and C in different amounts. For silica extraction, the

RHA was treated with sodium hydroxide solutions of different concentration (0.4-1.2 mol/L) for

various periods of time (30-120 min). In each case, the dispersed solids were separated from the

liquid and the latter was acidified with sulfuric acid which led to the transformation of solution


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into transparent gel. After agitating the gel in ethanol, it was converted into particulate silica,

which was then isolated from the mother liquor by microfiltration, dried, and characterized by

SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD.

Estimation of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water and Assessment of its

Possible Health Risk to the Local Population of District Shangla, KPK,

Pakistan

Muhammad Rahim, Imdadullah, Ihsanullah, Adnan Khan, Fazal Wahid Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar

Abstract:

Heavy metals in drinking water and their health risk assessment were conducted in District Shangla, KPK, Pakistan. Iron, copper, zinc, chromium, nickel, cobalt, cadmium and lead

were analyzed in drinking water samples collected from different points in selected area. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and dissolved oxygen (DO) were high than the permissible limits

suggested by WHO. However, pH, total hardness (TH) and specific conductance (SC) were found within permissible limits. The quantities of iron, nickel, cobalt, cadmium and lead were found higher than the permissible limits while that of copper; chromium and zinc were less than the

permissible limits. The metals daily intake (MDI) value was found higher for iron while lower for cobalt. Mean values of health indices (HRI) were < 1 for all metals indicating no health risk for both children and adults except cadmium. High concentration of metals indicates that

anthropogenic activities are the main source of contamination of drinking water of Shangla.

Synthesis and Characterization of Colloidal Zirconia Particles by

Homogeneous Precipitation Method

Ikram Ul Haq, Khalida Akhtar*, Uzma Hira

National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract:

Colloidal spherical particles (micrometer size) of zirconia were synthesized at 50 oC by homogeneous precipitation method from aqueous solutions, containing appropriate amounts of ZrCl4, HCl, K2SO4, and (NH2)2CO. Results revealed that reactants concentration significantly

affected characteristics of the precipitated solids, which ranged from gel to dispersion of discrete particles. Size uniformity in the resulted particles was obtained only under limited experimental

conditions which maintained their original shape after calcination at 700 oC. The as-prepared and calcined powders were crystalline as observed from the XRD patterns. Selected powders were

also characterized with TGA / DTA, FT-IR, and BET-surface area. Synthesis of zirconia particles have also been reported elsewhere [1-3]. However, those researchers employed different synthetic routes. We believe that our method is simple and has the potential for further tailoring of the particles characteristics. Work is in progress in our laboratory in this regard.


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Synthesis of uniform Fine Particles of iron Oxide and Electrodeposition of

Ni-Fe2O3 Nanocomposite Coating on Steel Surface

IkramUlHaq, Khalida Akhtar*, Arif Ali Shah, Ziaullah

National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar,

Peshawar-25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract:

This study is comprised of two major parts, i.e., synthesis and characterization of uniform fine particles of iron oxide in different shapes / sizes and elctrodeposition of Ni-Fe2O3 composite coating on steel surface. The synthesis was carried out by the forced hydrolysis

method in which iron (III) chloride and sodium dihydrogen phosphate were employed as the starting reactants. The synthesis process involved heating of the aqueous solutions, containing

varying amounts of these reactants, for various periods of time (24-94h) at 98 oC in tightly stoppered Pyrex glass vessels. Selected batches of the synthesized particles were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, etc. Similarly, Ni-Fe2O3 composite coatings were electrodeposited on steel

substrate from the dispersion of a selected batch of iron oxide particles in nickel salt solutions in the presence of appropriate amount of the dissolved boric acid at different temperatures. The

obtained coatings were subjected to various tests, such as microhardness, wear, and corrosion. Results revealed that the embedded particles of iron oxide in the composite coatings improved the surface hardness, wear and corrosion resistance.

LC/UV Simultaneous Determination of Selected Cephalsporins in Hospital

Wastewater, Blood and Milk Samples.

Tahira Qureshia, Najma Memona*, Saima Q. Memonb and Kamran Abroa

aNational Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh; bInstitute of Advance Research in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.

Abstract:

An HPLC/UV method for the determination of cephalosporins; cefradine, cefuroxime,

and cefotaxime has been developed. Separation was performed on ODS column with binary solvent elution of aqueous (0.05% v/v) formic acid (45% v/v) and methanol (55% v/v) at a flow

rate of 1 mL min-1 and UV detection at 260 nm. Under optimised conditions all three cephalosporins were baseline separated within 5 minutes. Linear responses for cefradine, cefuroxime and cefotaxime were established in the range of 5-20, 0.5-15 and 1-25 µg mL-1,

respectively. Samples were preconcentrated by evaporation at reduced pressure followed by clean-up using solid phase extraction. LOD of 0.05-0.25-µg mL-1 after preconcentration was

achieved. The method was applied to synthetic and hospital wastewater samples with developed method and for milk and blood samples reported methods applied for sample clean-up. No hospital wastewater was found to be contaminated with selected cephalosporins at the detection

limit of method whereas in blood serum and milk samples showed good agreement with LC/UV detection. Moreover, the method was applied to study the stability of aqueous solutions and

acid/base induced degradation of all three drugs. The aqueous stability data showed that 20% cefradine, 30% cefouroxime and cefatoxime were degraded in 30 minutes.


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Determination of Arsenic and Chromium in Different Sizes of Tube Wells of

District Pishin Baluchistan, Pakistan

Afrasiab Khan Tareen , Imrana Niaz Sultan, Muhammad Waseem Department of Environmental Management & Policy, Department of Biotechnology &

Informatics

Balochistan University of information Technology, Engineering & Management Sciences (BUITEMS) Quetta

Abstract:

This study was designed to determine the quantities of heavy metals such as Arsenic and Chromium in water samples obtained from tube wells having different depths in district Pishin,

Baluchistan, Pakistan by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. A total of 50 fresh water samples were collected and different parameters such as depth of tube well, location of tube well, age of tube well, pH, electrical conductivity, population burden and use of fertilizers in the vicinity of

tube wells, were correlated with the quantities of heavy metals. The study findings showed that age of tube well had no impact on quantities of studied heavy metals. It was found that depth of

tube wells had significant impact on quantities of heavy metals because chromium values were found higher in quantities in tube wells of lower depth and as the depth of tube wells increased the contents of theses metals decreased significantly. Chromium was found in higher concentration than standard recommended values. Arsenic was found in all samples collected from tube wells of main Pishin city and chromium was found in all samples collected from tube wells where fruit

orchards were present. The presence of arsenic in the samples may be attributed to the population burden; where as presence of chromium may be attributed to the use of chemical fertilizers and

pesticides in the vicinity of tube wells. In general it is concluded that the quantity of Chromium was found in higher than recommended level which is an alarming indication for the drinking

water for public use. pH and conductivity were found higher in shallow depths of tube wells.

Variation in Nutritional Quality and Antioxidant Attributes of Guava

(psidium guajava L.) Fruit with Season and Ripening Stage

Farah Ikram1, Bushra Sultana1*, Farooq Anwar2, Muhammad Mushtaq1 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture,

Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan. 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan.

Abstract:

In the present study seasonal and ripening stage based variation in proximate

composition, total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contentts (TFC) and antioxidant activity of two varieties (round and pear) of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit was investigated. The antioxdant activities of methanolic extracts of guava fruit in terms of reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging and Inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid system were measured using different colorimetric assays. The proximate analysis revealed that precentage moisture, ash,

protein, crude fiber and fat were ranged 65.27-79.46, 3.6-5.5, 6.16-6.75, 26.17-44.86 and 3.0-4.4%, respectively with non significant (p > 0.05) seasonal and significant ripening stage

variation (p<0.05). In contrast the antioxidant components (TPC and TFC) determined from


172

methanolic extract of guava fruit (5.83-12.07 g GAE and 2.92-9.96 g CE per 100 g of dry matter) varied significantly during different seasons and maturity stages (p<0.05). Furthermore, the methanolic extracts of guava showed considerable antioxidant activities in linoleic acid system

(80.2 - 93.36%), reduction of ferric ions (0.46 - 1.95) and DPPH radical scavenging system

(21.78-45.26%).

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Various Parts of

Daphnae mucronata

Hafiza Iqra Ashrafa, Muhammad Zubair*a, Komal Rizwana, Nasir Rasoola, Muhammad Riaza,

Muhammad Athar Abbasic, Shafqat Alib, Aziz Ur Rehmanc aDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan

bDepartment of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan cDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan

Abstract:

Plants are a proven source of anti-tumor compounds and it is reasonable to assume that many such substances remain to be discovered. This prompted us to investigate the effects of Daphne mucronata (belonging to the family Thymelaeaceae). Different fractions were taken by

solvent extraction method and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were determined. Essential oil of the plant was extracted and subjected to GC-MS studies. During the course of this

work, n-butanol, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate and Methanol fractions were studied by HPLC and LC-MS. The cytotoxicity was analyzed by haemolytic assay.

Variation in Essential Ingredients in Cane Sugar and Jaggery Owing to

Location and Processing

Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti, MunawarIqbal, Majid Muneer* and Muhammad Abdullah

Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad *Department of Chemistry, GC-University Faisalabad

Abstract:

The presence of Chromium as trace metal in food is very essential since it regulates the

blood sugar level and mitigates the effects of diabetes. Food processing improves the visual quality, but the ingredient and nutritional values may alter. In the present study, the sugar samples

(refined, raw, guror jaggery) and molasses were collected from 20 different agro-climatic regions of Pakistan and analyzed for the Cr-III concentrations, total phenolic contents (TPC) and antioxidant activity in order to evaluate the processing effect. The concentrations of Cr(III) was

determined by digestion method using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer, while antioxidant activity was estimated by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical quenching

assay and reducing power test models. The Cr(III) contents in raw and refined sugar were found significantly (P<0.05) lower as compared to jaggery and the difference may be attributed to the refining procedure. The TPC were found considerably higher in molassesand Jaggery i.e. 3751 µg GAE/g (micro gram gallic acid equivalent/gram) and 3285 µg GAE/g respectively as compared to those of raw (27.75 µg GAE/g) and refined (23.81 µg GAE/g) sugars. From the results, it is

concluded that the essential ingredients are diluted in the refining process, however, the Cr (III) contents, TPC and antioxidant activity of refined sugar is decreased as compared to raw sugar and

jaggery.


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Computational Study of Inosine -5- Monophasphate Dehydrogenase

(IMPDH) of Plasmodium Falciparum

Muslim Raza,Imdadullah muhammad zai, Zahid khan Institute of chemical sciences university of Peshawar

Abstract:

Plasmodium falciparum is the cause of malaria in human beings and can be controlled by using different types of antimalarial drugs. Most of these drugs are inhibitors of enzyme involved in purine and pyrimidine biosynthetic pathways. IMPDH is an important enzyme in the

purine biosynthesis pathway in plasmodium falciparum and can be considered as a good target for designing new antimalerial drugs. In this study we have predicted the three dimensional model for

Plasmodium falciparum IMP dehydrogenase using the program modeller 9.10. The model was evaluated using the programe PROCHECK AND PROSA. The best model was selected from total 50 models. The sequence of palsmodium IMPDH has 48.2% identity with the human

IMPDH. The difference in the two sequences indicate that selective inhibitors specific to plasmodium falciparum IMPDH can be designed. In future studies the predicted 3D models will

be used for docking. Using docking software Autodock Tools a library of small organic molecules

will be screened for better binding affinities to the Plasmodium IMPDH.

The HPLC, LC-MS and GCMS profiling, cytotoxicity studies and

antioxidant activity of Brassica juncia (Brown mustard)

Sajjad Haidera, Nasir Rasoola*, Muhammad Riaza, Muhammad Zubaira, Shehzad Ali Shahid Chathab, Komal Rizwana, Tanveer Hussain Bokharia , Muhammad Usmana, Shabbir Hussaina

aDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan bDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan

Abstract:

The methanolic extract of seed of Brassica juncea and different fractions were analyzed for their antioxidant potential. The seeds of Brassica juncea were extracted with absolute

methanol and further fractionated by solvent-solvent extraction method with increasing polarity based absolute solvents i.e. chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, n-hexane. The presence of

phenolics was analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS analysis. The GC-MS analysis of Brassica juncea n-hexane extract revealed the presence of methyl esters and fatty acids constituents. Brassica juncea seeds extract and fractions contained appreciable levels of total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and inhibition linoleic acid peroxidation by (Brown mustard) seeds extracts were also analyzed. The cytotoxicity of the plant

extract and fractions were assayed against human blood erythrocytes (RBCs).


174

Facile Deposition of Hierarchical Structures of Copper Sulfide

Saba Ashraf, Javeed Akhtar, Aamer Saeed

Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad

Abstract:

Thin films of copper sulfide (Cu2-xS) were deposited using Bis(N,N-dialkyl-N- ́(1-naphthoyl)thioureato Cu(II) and Bis(O-propyl carbonodithioate) Cu(II) complexes. In case of Bis(N,N-dialkyl-N- ́(1-naphthoyl)thioureato Cu(II) complexes the films were deposited onto glass

substrates by AACVD method which involved thermal decomposition of precursors in toluene at desired growth temperature while thin films of bis(O-propyl carbonodithioate) Cu(II) complexes, were deposited by biphasic method involving thermal decomposition of precursors in

DPA/Toluene system at ambient temperature. The semiconductor thin films obtained were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and

scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Interaction of Cyclohexenone Compounds with SDS and CTAB Surfactants

1Muhammad Anas khan, 3Saleem Nawaz, 4Farman ullah, 2Jan Nisar*

National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar

Abstract:

The solubiluization of newly synthesized organic compounds (Cyclohexenone

Carboxylates) with ionic surfactants (SDS and CTAB) was studied through absorption spectroscopy below and above CMC of surfactants. A model was proposed for the interactions of

these newly synthesized organic compounds and surfactants. The number of these organic molecules (n) incorporated in to the micelle was determined at a particular concentration of surfactants by Simple Absorption spectroscopy. The Differential spectroscopic technique was

used to study the partition coefficient (Kx) of organic molecules between bulk water phase and the miceller phase. The standard free energy of partitioning (∆Go

p) was also calculated, which was in

the range of -21 k j /mole to -31 k j /mole and shows the stability of the system. Conductivity method was used to study the CMC of SDS and CTAB and the effect of these organic molecules on the CMC of SDS and CTAB. In both the cases these additives

decrease the CMC values of SDS and CTAB.


175

Determination of Cadmium and Nickel in Raw and Processed Tobacco

leaves by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy using Ultrasound Assisted

Pseudo-digestion: Multivariate Study

Muhammad Bilal Arain1,2*, Tasneem Gul Kazi2, hassan i. Afridi2, Afzal Shah1, Abdul Niaz1, Muhammad Tariq1, Nusrat Jalbani3

1Department of Chemistry, University of Science & technology Bannu,Bannu 28100, KPK, Pakistan

2Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan 3Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University Road Karachi-75280.

Abstract:

Cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) are inorganic toxicants of great environmental and occupational concern. Their accumulation in tobacco and exposure to human results in carcinogenic diseases. Presently we evaluate the uptake of Cd and Ni in tobacco (n=100) grown in soil irrigated with contaminated lake water for two year. The obtained results were also compared with those values of both metals in 12 branded cigarette. A simple and efficient procedure for the

complete decomposition of raw and processed tobacco leaves using ultrasonic assisted acid pseudo-digestion method (USD) was developed for the determination of Cd and Ni. The Plackett- Burman experimental design was used as a multivariate strategy for the evaluation of several factors at once. Parameters influencing USD such as pre-sonication time [PSt], sonication time[St] ,

temperature of ultrasonic bath [Bt], particle size[Ø], sample mass[SM], volume of nitric acid [A1], and volume of a mixture of acid-oxidant [A2] were regarded as factors. From this study, certain factors were observed as significant, and they were further optimized by a 23 + star central

composite design, which involved 16 experiments. The accuracy of the proposed procedure was evaluated by analysis of certified reference materials of Virginia Tobacco Leaves (ICHTJ-cta-

VTL-2), and by comparison with conventional wet acid digestion method (CDM). Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) was used to determine Cd and Ni. The results obtained by optimized method showed good agreement with the certified values and sufficiently high

recovery (98.7and 97.8 %) respectively. No significant differences were observed for P = 0.05 when comparing the values obtained by USD and CDM methods. The average relative standard

deviation of USD method varied between 5.2-8.26 % for Cd and Ni, respectively (n=6).

Removal of Bromate from Water using Advance Oxidation Techniques

Shah Nawaza, M.Yasir Bashir and Hasan M. Khan Radiation Chemistry Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry,

University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan

Abstract:

The use of ozone (O3) for drinking water disinfection is an increasingly popular alternative to using chlorine as a disinfectant. Ozonation is very effective in removing pesticides

and many of natural, unwanted constituents of water and chlorination of byproducts can be avoided. The disinfection of bromide -containing waters with ozone, however results in the

production of bromate ions (BrO-3) which is also toxic and a possible human carcinogen


176

(permissible level of 10µg/l recommended by US-EPA). A new ion chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of bromide, and inorganic oxy halides (chlorate, chlorite and bromate) using Metrohm 800 ion chromatograph series. Several conventional techniques

already have been used for the remediation of bromate in drinking water, such as biological reduction by fixed film bioreactor, granular activated carbon, and heterogeneous redox catalysis.

However, bromate removal by advance oxidative technology (AOT) using, γ-radiation is very innovative and promising method. Gamma radiation experiments were carried out using two concentrations (i.e. 7.8×10-4M and 2.3×10-4M) with irradiation doses over the range of 0.1 kGy -

1.2 kGy at a dose rate of 0.2960 kGy/hour for bromate degradation. Analysis of produced compounds was accomplished using standard technique, such as UV/VIS spectrophotometer and

Ion Chromatograph(IC), method. The objective of this study was to develop an environmental friendly and cost effective technique for bromate removal from water .The effects of various

factors, like pH, (NOM), and radical scavenger like DO, CO-3, N2O etc were investigated.

Decomposition of Chlorpyrifos in Aqueous solution by Advance

Oxidation Process

M. Ismail1, Hasan M. Khan1, William J. Cooper2 1National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120,

Pakistan

2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, CA 92697-2175, United States

Abstract:

Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides. It is a toxic compound and its poisoning usually causes many diseases, such as damage of lungs and central

nervous system, developmental and autoimmune disorders, nausea, vomiting and damage of digestive tract etc. In the present study, the irradiation decomposition of chlorpyrifos in aqueous solution by 60Co gamma rays was conducted on a laboratory scale and the effect of ionizing radiation on the removal efficiency of Chlorpyrifos was investigated. The SPME-GC-ECD method was used for analysis of chlorpyrifos. Aqueous solutions of different concentrations of target compound

(0.57, 1.43, 2.14 and 2.85 µM) were irradiated over the range of 30–575 Gy. Gamma radiolysis showed that 100% decomposition of chlorpyrifos with initial concentration of 1.43 µM was achieved at absorbed dose of 575 Gy at a dose rate of 300 Gyh-1. G-values for

radiation degradation of chlorpyrifos were found to be decreases with the increase of absorbed dose. The effects of saturated gases like N2 and N2O and some radical scavengers such as tertiary

butanol, NaNO3 and NaNO2 on the degradation of chlorpyrifos were also studied. The results showed that the oxidative radical, such as •OH, play main role in the irradiation degradation of chlorpyrifos, while the reductive radicals i.e. aqueous electron and •H, has minor contribution to the degradation of

chlorpyrifos.

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4 Poster Presentation - · PDF fileAbstract Book innc.conf.2012 92 Preconcentration of Lead from Aqueous Solution with Activated Carbon Cloth prior to Analysis by Flame Atomic Absorption