Primary coil power supply for Tesla transformerInductor HolderBridgeRectifier

Neon sign transformer: Use a 15 kV @ 30 ma transformer to charge a capacitor until a spark gap fires at 12kV DC

http://www.partsforsigns.com/Allanson_1230BPX120_transformer_p/1230bpx120.htm (good reviews, $135 + shipping; 1. Thank you for placing your order. Your order number is 16674. 10-19-17

)

https://www.prosourcelighting.com/index.jsp?path=product&part=208914# https://www.lightbulbs.com/product/allanson-001230/?source=MicrosoftPPC-ProductAds

High voltage DC primary supplyhttp://www.richieburnett.co.uk/dcresist.html

add PTC to primary to limit in-rush current

diode module consists of rectifier diodes, smoothing capacitor (40 kV string, full wave), and fan tp cool diodes.

http://hvstuff.com/0-1a-20kv-100ns-high-voltage-diode-hv-rectifier-tesla-ham

http://hvstuff.com/40kv-1a-high-voltage-diode-hv-hf-rectifier-tesla-ham ($16)

http://hvstuff.com/15kv-1500pf-high-voltage-ceramic-disc-capacitor-y5p Vpeak = 1.414*Vrms = 1.414*(15000) = 21210 volts

http://www.voltagemultipliers.com/pdf/FP50UF_FP100UF_FP150UF_FP200UF.pdf FP200UF 20 kV, 2 amps (in oil), 70 nsSPJ400S 40 kv 50ma, 3000 ns

Ceramic capacitors (transformer protection)Xc = Capacitive Reactance in Ohms, (Ω)π (pi) = 3.142 (decimal) or as 22÷7 (fraction)ƒ = Frequency in Hertz, (Hz)C = Capacitance in Farads, (F)

1

Xc = 1/(6.28*125000*10^(-12)) MS Word formula

= 1273885 ohms

Xc = 1/(6.28*125000*10^(-9)) MS Word formula

= 1274 ohms

Xc = 1/(6.28*125000*0.1*10^(-6)) MS Word formula; 0.1 mfd, 125 kHz = 12.74

Xc = 1/(6.28*60*0.1*10^(-6)) MS Word formula; 0.1 mfd, 60 Hertz =26,539.28

Glass pane capacitor for spark gap

2

Bridge rectifier board

The rectifier board consists of ten 20kV rectifiers (8 rectifiers and 2 for de-Queing), and 40 kV smoothing capacitors. A fan provides air flow.

Each leg of the bridge has two resistors in series and connected in parallel to the rectifiers. Rectifiers are 5/8” (15mm, body), 2.625” (with leads). Dielectric strength of air is 3 kV/mm (3×106 V/m or 76 kV/inch) and so rectifier body should withstand 45kV and should not flashover. Conservative design however, specifies 10kV per inch instead of 76 kV) . Each resistor/ rectifier pair should withstand about 20 kV giving 40 kV withstand per leg. Resistors are 100 Meg each. Peak reverse leakage estimated to be 100 microamps per leg.

Actual voltage is expected to be 1.414 x 12kV or 17,000 volts p-p for the whole bridge. Dirty or humid conditions may require immersion in oil or additional shielding. Additionally, the combination of the inductor plus glass primary capacitor can charge up to TWICE the DC supply voltage. Hence, the series connected de-queueing rectifiers (two each) must withstand a reverse voltage of about 34 kV. Slow rectifiers in series may need 100 meg, 20 kV balancing resistors

The board will probably be a 24”x 12” x ½” Polyethylene (UHMW) Plastic Sheet. It will combine the rectifiers, smoothing capacitor, 1 Gig bleeder resistor (1 sec time constant; 20 seconds to safe voltage), de-queueing diodes, de-queueing resistors, and inductor stack. All must fit into an area about 28” x 21”. Fasteners, generally will be ¼-20 nylon screws through the board with washer stacks and nylon nut.

The spark gap and glass capacitor will be separate structures.

The rectifier of choice is FP200UF http://www.voltagemultipliers.com/pdf/FP50UF_FP100UF_FP150UF_FP200UF.pdf http://www.voltagemultipliers.com/html/FAQs/FAQ_diodes.html FP200UF (20kV, 2.2 amps, 70 ns, 6.5” case length, 0.69” width)

Ecowsera4 pcs HVR 300 30KV 30mA High Voltage Diode HV Rectifier Tesla Ham (5 packs @$14 each (20 diodes) required)

4 pcs 2CL2FM 20KV 100mA High Voltage Diode HV Rectifier Tesla Ham https://www.amazon.com/2CL2FM-100mA-Voltage-Diode-Rectifier/dp/B074S8JT96/ref=sr_1_9 three packs required (12 diodes, 10 will be used)

https://www.amazon.com/Uxcell-Voltage-Axial-Glass-Resistor/dp/B015GOBSIW/ref=sr_1_16?s=industrial&ie=UTF8&qid=1508973351&sr=1-16&keywords=high+voltage+resistors ($5 each, 10 required)

3

https://www.amazing1.com/products/015uf-40kv-threaded-high-voltage-ceramic-doorknob-capacitor.html .015u/40KV-DKT 2.75"D x 1.2"H ... $99.95 will be edge mounted in center of bridge diodes

Alise J3205-25P Stainless Steel Corner Brace Joint Right Angle Bracket Support Fastener https://www.amazon.com/Alise-J3205-25P-Stainless-Fastener-30mmX30mm/dp/B01LXA0AV0/ref=sr_1_4 (for mounting the diodes)

Sentry Supply 650-6356 2 Ear Wall Bracket, 1-Inch, Chrome 3.5 x 4 x 1.4 incheshttps://www.amazon.com/Sentry-Supply-650-6356-Bracket-1-Inch/dp/B00DUQA308/ref=pd_sim_60_1 (for mounting the 12” x 12” x ½” board)

Polyethylene (UHMW) Plastic Sheet - 12 x 12 x 1/2 Inch, - White (board) https://www.mscdirect.com/product/details/93638062 $24.37https://www.mscdirect.com/product/details/93637924 $45

115V AC COOLTRON FAN 120MM X 38MM HIGH SPEED, dual ball bearing, 67,000 hourshttps://www.acinfinity.com/axial-ac-fans-115v/120-mm-fans/115v-ac-cooltron-fan-120mm-x-38mm-high-speed/ (use three for project)

The high speed 120 by 120 by 38 millimeter 115V AC axial fan is housed in die cast aluminum with thermoplastic blades. Containing long life dual ball bearings, the fan can run continuously for 67,000 hours and be mounted in any direction. Has terminal connectors and can be plugged into a standard outlet with a fan power cord, sold separately. Cooltron fans are certified by CE, UL, TUV, and RoHS; and found in various Samsung and Eaton servers and UPS systems.

This is the most popular size and can be found in noise tolerant applications such as tanning beds, LED signs, server racks, industrial machinery, arcade systems, and more. A quieter low speed version is also available.

4

Bridge rectifier board layout 12” x 12” x 0.5 UHMW polyethylene (shown ½ scale)

5

rectifiers are 20kV, 6.5” x 0.69” with axial leads. Two in series is about 14”

capacitor is ceramic door knob type 40 kV @ 0.015 mf with 10-32 threads

12kV AC input

+

- 40kV doorknob capacitor

17 kV DC output (+)

+

17 kV DC output (-)

Bridge rectifier/de-Q-ing board layout 24” x 12” x 0.5 UHMW polyethylene (shown ¼ scale)

each leg of the bridge has two resistors in series and connected in parallel to the rectifiers. Rectifiers are 5/8” (body), 2.625 (with leads) and must have extra insulation sleeving (vinyl) to comply with 10 kV/inch. Each resistor/diode pair should withstand about 20 kV giving 40 kV per leg. Resistors are 100 Meg each. Peak reverse leakage estimated to be 100 microamps per leg.

Connection points use ¼-20 1.5” nylon cap screws, washer stacks and a nylon nut on the back of the board. Washers are 5/8” OD, 1/16” thick. Wires are #16 AWG, stranded, 600 volt with added vinyl tubing for insulation.

.015u/40KV-DKT 2.75"D x 1.2"H

6

A

B

A

+

- output

series connected de-Q-ing diodes

capacitor 40kV@ 0.015 mf with 10-32 threads

+ output

fans are 4.7” square, 1.5” deep

Bridge rectifier/de-Q-ing/inductor board layout 24” x 12” x 0.5 UHMW polyethylene (shown ¼ scale)

Each leg of the bridge has two resistors in series and connected in parallel to the rectifiers. Rectifiers are 5/8” (body), 2.625 (with leads) and must have extra insulation sleeving (vinyl) to comply with 10 kV/inch. Each resistor/diode pair should withstand about 20 kV giving 40 kV per leg. Resistors are 100 Meg each. Peak reverse leakage estimated to be 100 microamps per leg.

Connection points use ¼-20x1.75” nylon cap screws, washer stacks, a nylon nut, and a nylon nut on the back of the board. Washers are 9/16” OD, 1/16” thick. Wires are #16 AWG, stranded, 600 volt with added vinyl tubing for insulation when connected to the neon transformer secondary.

1.752”

.015u/40KV-DKT 2.75"D x 1.2"H

Initial tests on the rectifier board are done with 115 VAC and an oscilloscope. Board is later reconnected to 12,000 VAC.

The instrumentation resistors form a 1:1000 voltage divider between one transformer HV terminal and center tap GND. They can be connected by jumpers to bridge output, de-Qing output, or inductor stack output.This will result in a leakage current of (8400 volts)/10^9ohms = 8.4 microamps which (hopefully) will not be enough to trigger the GFI in the transformer. The signal is taken out via a BNC connector on the back of the board and shielded cable. At the oscilloscope, the shield and center conductor are shunted by two back-to-back 100 volt Zener diodes in series with 10k resistor (upstream) to limit voltage input to 100 volts.

capacitors 3” x 1.25”, 0.01 mfd 16kV each; inductors 9.5 mm x 5”; rectifier connectors on 4” centers;

7

A

B

A

1.75

fans are 4.7” square, 1.5” deep

B

+ output

2”

2 G bleeder resistor

1 nF 40 kV cap

de-Qing rectifier 40 kV

1.0”

”

+ output to glass capacitor and spark gap

- output to glass capacitor and Primary

ferrite inductor stack

100M resistor 1Meg resistor

Xformer GND (center tap)

80.4 volt signal

instrument tap (outside)

4”

2.25

11.5”

8”

winding tie-off posts

10.875” & 12.125 capacitors

13.125” de-Q rectifier

12.375 & 12.75” bleed

17.125” de-Q rectifier midway16.0” inductor holder holes

(7” x 0.75 x 2.5” wood)

21.5” inductor holder holes

6 x 1.125

2.125

1.5

13.5”

1

6 x 1.0

6 x 0.5

1.625

2

3

4,5

1

2

3

1

4

5.5” hole-to-hole

winding tie-off posts (14.25”)

3”

C

D 5,6

6

- output

8

Decoupling inductor section

Inductor board consists of ferrite rods wound with #20 copper wire. They are mounted into sockets in wood rectangles (7” x 0.75” x 1.5” ) which in turn are affixed to the main board with nylon screws. The board and spacing of components must accommodate 17 kV. Input is from the de-queuing rectifier. Output is connected to glass capacitor (+) terminal. The glass capacitor may see peak voltages of 17 kV and the inductor plus capacitor may see 34 kV.

Standard Stocking ferrite Rods http://www.bytemark.com/products/rod1.htm

Part number Material Permeability Diameter(in)

Length(in)

AL valuemh/1000t

Ampereturns

R33-050-750 33 800 .50 7.5 70 200

An iron core inductor will be made from 100 feet of annealed iron wire. Hillman Item #: 712166 is fully annealed, not galvanized but rust inhibited, and #24 AWG. Two 50 ft rolls are used to make a rod inductor for the section nearest the bridge output (low frequency). . The wire is unrolled, then stretched slightly to straighten it. Then it is fed into a cutting jig to make wires that are straight and 5.5” long. These are then laid out on a non-stick surface and sprayed with Acrylic sealer to serve as insulation.

The wires are then bundled and held in the center with SS wire (which acts like a thin hose clamp). One end is also bound with wire to present a circular end disk. Then an end is wrapped with packaging tape to form a cylindrical seal. The cylinder is filled with a half-teaspoon of one hour epoxy. This is forced into the wire bundle by forming a seal with the lips trumpeter style and blowing into the bundle. Then the other end is treated the same way. Then the bundle is lightly sprayed with acrylic sealer. Then the bundle is lightly sprayed with 3M spray adhesive (the acrylic spray does not support adhesion well).

The core and each winding layer is covered with five layers of acrylic paper made as follows. Fashion a strip of printer paper about 6” x 11.5. Lay this on a non-stick surface (polyethylene plastic) and spray it with RustOleum 2x Ultracover Clear gloss Acrylic sealer. Wait for it to dry then spray the other side. Then spray one side sparingly with “3M General Purpose 45 Adhesive spray” (the acrylic spray does not support adhesion well).

The core is then wound with # 24 magnet wire, which is secured with acrylic spray and Teflon tape. The winding should stop about ½” short of each end of the core. The wire is cut after each left-to-right winding is laid. Unidirectional winding (left-to-right only )is used to reduce interlayer electric potential by a factor of two. A bit of 3M adhesive at each end of the core wrappings helps to secure the start and finish of the winding (do not use it in the middle). The winding is then wrapped with the acrylic paper, which extends beyond each end of the winding and the core body. Thin vinyl tubing will later be slipped onto these wires between the paper layers.

A ferrite core inductor is made from three ferrite rods that are epoxied together to make another inductor for the high frequency spark gap side. Four channel gaps will be filled with pieces of straight iron wire to improve the inductance. Assembly will be epoxied, then sanded, then helically wrapped with acrylic packing tape (both directions) The winding is a single layer of #20 magnet wire.

A third ferrite core inductor is made from the remaining two ferrite rods. They are epoxied together, wrapped in acrylic paper, and wound with #24 wire. The single layer winding is grouped into three unequal sections.

The use of multiple inductors in multiple configurations is intended to break up any self-resonances caused by stray capacitance and inductance. The intent is to create a broadband inductor.

9

Inductor holdertwo pieces of wood 2.5” x 0.75 x 7.0”hole centers are 1.0 inches from long top edge#1 @1.625” 1.125” hole#2 @ 3.75”, 1” hole#3 @5.25”, 0.5 x 1” elongated hole

Cut and drill as one stack.

Cut each for mounting (5/8” x 5/8”) then drill and sand.

Electrical steel:http://laminationspecialties.com/products.htm

10

1.0

1.625

3.75

5.25

2.5

0.625

1.625

7.0

11

1

4

2

3

4

4

2

3

1

8.75

2.125

3.625

12

Glass capacitor (3 panes of glass 16” x 20” x 0.125”)(1/4 scale, plan view, looking down the long dimension of the glass)

capacitor is self contained in a plywood box with a bottom. Inside dimensions are 16.75” x 23” x 8.125”. Spacing between panes is about 1.625”. Clearance of pane to inside edge (length) is 0.25 on either end. The 4” dead space at the top of the box is used for corner reinforcement. Panes are actually 1/16” thick, not 1/8” thick.

Plywood is 5 ply and ½” thick. Plies are thin. Pieces are:

two 16.75” x 23”two 9.25” x 23”one 20.25” x 9.125” (base; base adds 1.25” on both ends to accommodate fasteners.)

Panes fit into 3/16” wide slots cut into four wood strips (1.5” x 0.75” x 8.125” ) glued to inside of box. Grooves are cut 0.5” deep at locations shown.

Nov 2017: The plywood turned out to be terrible in quality. Numerous de-laminations had to be fixed.

13

17.75”

17”

1.625”

3.25”

4.875

”6.5”

8.125”9.125”

16.75”

17”

Aluminum electrode is 12” x 16. Corner radius is about 1.5”.

Construction of glass capacitor plates

1. Arrange for a hassle free work area, preferably a large flat table top in a ventilated area. Collect all tools needed: tape measure, long straight edge, box cutter or safety razor, acetone, lacquer thinner, 3M spray adhesive, roll of paper towels, roll of 12” heavy duty aluminum foil, glass panes, empty soup can (3” diameter), trash can, good lighting, and plenty of patience.

2. Sweep the assembly area free of debris so that a glass pane can lay flat on it.

3. Lay down 4 sheets of large newspaper (stapled together at corners). On top of this lay down a large sheet of brown wrapping paper (the edge of the glass is hard to see against newsprint). If the wrapping paper comes from a roll, iron it flat with a steam iron.

4. Lay the glass pane on the wrapping paper. Clean both sides with a piece of paper towel soaked with acetone. Remove finger prints, adhesive from labels, etc.

5. Mark one boundary on the glass: a line 2 inches from the edge along the length.

6. Carefully unroll a length of the 12” aluminum foil (about 22 inches). Iron out any wrinkles with a small wad of paper towel.

7. Spray a narrow band of 3M adhesive just inside the boundary line. Hold can about 8” away and use one fast stroke. Don’t wait for it to dry.

8. Hold the edge of the foil with thumb and forefinger. Curve it so that only the edge will make first contact with the adhesive. Lay it lightly against the line. Then iron about 1” at a time against the glass using a small wad of paper towel. Work from center outward. If you get too many wrinkles, lift the foil and re-iron that section again.

14

4

Corner

8. Continue laying the adhesive and foil about 2 inches at a time. Use only one fast pass of the 3M adhesive for each lay.

9. After the foil has been laid down, clean the still exposed glass with lacquer thinner to remove any adhesive over-spray. (stray “stickies” are very annoying in this task).

10. Flip the pane over and repeat steps 5 through 9.

11. Mark the excess foil 2”from the edge of the glass. Trim the excess foil by dragging a sharp box cutter or safety razor 4 times along a straight edge or long ruler. Do not press hard with the cutter. After the foil is scored, carefully pull of the excess pieces. Do both sides. The finished product at this point will be a 16” x 20” glass pane with a 12” x 16” rectangular foil centered on the pane.

12. Make two marks on the bottom edge of a 3” diameter soup can so that they are about 2” apart on the circumference. Use this as a tool along with the cutter to make the rounded corners on the foils. Do both sides, all corners. The intent is reduce corona from sharp points.

13. Tape all edges of the foils with common 2” wide acrylic packaging tape. The tape should go from one edge of the glass, over the foil, and to the opposite edge of the glass. About 1/3 of the tape should be on the foil and the remainder on the glass. The intent is to reduce corona from foil edges. Do all four edges; then repeat for the other side. Trim off all tape overhangs from the glass edges.

Make electrical connections to capacitor plates

15

17.75”

17”

1.625”

3.25”

4.875

”6.5”

8.125”9.125”

16.75”

17”

+-

+-

-+

-+

To rectifier output board

17” resistorTo spark gap

17” resistor

To coil posts

17” resistor

one tenth scale:

Panes fit into 3/16” wide slots cut into four wood strips (1.5” x 0.75” x 8.187” ) glued to inside of box. Spray the wood spacers with acrylic sealer.

The panels are cut with a reciprocating saw and a straight bar as a guide. After cutting, pieces must “reconciled” for dimensional consistency. Check corner angles and linear dimensions. Errors are usually small but can be a nuisance during assembly.

16

16.75”x 23”

side, length16.75”x 23”

side, length

9.25”x 23”

width, vertical

9.25”x 23”

width, vertical

9.25” x 20.25” base

9.25” x 17.75” top

glass: 16” x 20”

Assembly area (28” x 21”) plan view, ¼ scale)

barrier strips are 6.5” x 1.25 inch. Add 1.0” on one side for wire and connectors.Connection to AC mains should include a fuse, MOV, and PTC inrush current limiter,

17

FAN

Neon transformer (4.25 x 14”)

Rectifier, smoothing capacitor, de-Q-ing, and inductor board; (24 x 12” x 2.5”) mount vertically

fan

Glass (16” x 20”) capacitor housing (20.25” long, 23” high, 9.25” deep; 1.25” added on length of base for fasteners)

Spark gap switch(12 x 12” x4”)mount vertically

gnd

3.5”

2.75”

1.25”1.25”

4”+

9.25”

28 x 24

5.5”

BlkWhtGrn

4.0

Board edge”Board edge”

Board edge”Board edge”

Drawn boundary Drawn

boundary

7.75”

3.5” 3.0”

barrier strips

9.5

4.0

9.5

9.75”

123456789101112

18

Blk Wht Grn

MOVFusePTC

Xformer

FanFan

GrnWhtBlkXformer

Spark gap

123456789101112

123456789101112

Spark gap

Spark gap consists of two non-magnetic stainless steel carriage bolts (1/4-20 x 3”), brass base and supports, heat shield/insulator (glass, 1/8”),” UHDPE (12” x 12” x ½”,) for base, fan (or blower) and noise shield. Mounted vertically on main TC frame.

Magnets (spark gap quenching)1 1/2" x 1 1/2" x 1/2" thick (170F, N42)http://www.kjmagnetics.com/proddetail.asp?prod=BX8X88 (order two)

magnetic frame: 1.5 x 0.75 steel (1018) 2 pieces 3.25 x 1.5 x 0.75 1 piece 2.25 x 1.5 x 0.751 piece 4.5 x 1.5 x 0.75 (keeper)

115V AC COOLTRON FAN 120MM X 38MM HIGH SPEED, dual ball bearing, 67,000 hourshttps://www.acinfinity.com/axial-ac-fans-115v/120-mm-fans/115v-ac-cooltron-fan-120mm-x-38mm-high-speed/ (use three for project)

need method for attaching magnets

19

Side view of magnetic system, actual size:

Magnet frame base has one central threaded hole (1/4-20) to attach to UHMW base plate. Uprights have 10-24 threaded holes (one per) to attach to a small rt. angle corner bracket. Members are cut from 1018 steel bar (1.5” wide, ¾” thick).

20

Keeper (for storage)

1018 steel

Glass plate air channel and insulator (1” wide). Magnet retainers not shown.

¼ x 20 screw

3.75”2.25”

0.5”

1.875

2.75

side view of uprights (2 each) The two threaded holes are for `1/4” nylon screws

Plan view of base (1 item) The two threaded holes are for attaching poles to base plate with metal screws.

0.75

0.25

0.5

0.375

threaded hole for ¼”-20 SS screw to attach to UHMW base plate.

10-24 holes are for thin magnet holder plates

0.375”

2.25

1.5”

3.25

0.5

Plan view of spark electrode system, actual size:

All electrical parts must be non-magnetic and have good heat conductivity.

Connection to primary coilhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/Electrical-Jumper-Wire-test-Crocodile-Clip-Double-End-Sheath-Alligator-Clips-20A/292123505786?hash=item4403eaf47a:m:mtPKRaMUpLNkUnrEcq4ol5Q

Magnet holder is made from aluminum strip 1.5 x 4.062” x 0.032”. Folds are made 1.25 inches from the ends; this leaves a middle section 1.53 x 1.50 to hold the magnet. Four 10-24 screws secure each magnet holder. These powerful magnets are carefully moved into position by sliding them off of a steel strip.

spark gap assembly is mounted on ½” x 12” x 12” UHDPE sheet. Fasteners that penetrate the sheet are nylon ¼-20 screws, except those for the magnet holder which is grounded and uses SS ¼-20 screws.

Contacts are screwed to brass block.

Brass Rectangular Bar 1-1/2 Inch Wide x 1/2 Inch Thick x 36 Inch Long, Alloy 360 MSC Part #: 85884500Polyethylene (UHMW) Plastic Sheet - 12 x 12 x 1/2 Inch, - White  93638062 $24.37

21

threaded holes for magnet holders

¾” separation for 12 kV; set to 10 kV DC

3” x 1/8”glass plate shield for spark gap

Fan

1.5” 1.5”

approx. 3.0”

4.25”

Brass plates: two each: 4.25 x 1.5 x 0.5 (base plates)four each: 2.75 x 1.5 x 0.5 (electrode holders)

anchored to sheet by four ¼-20 nylon screws

¼-20 threaded hole for spark electrode is 1.375” down from top of brass post and sideways centered.

22

¼-20 thru holes (17/64) for nylon screws; center 3/8 from edge

recessed (shouldered) thru holes(13/64) for 10-24 pan head screws. Use 3/8” end mill to create shoulder (do not drill)

threaded holes in base for 10-24 screws; epoxy these two pieces; drill one hole and fasten to base; use base as template for remaining holes.

center 3/8 from edge

hole center 3/8 from edge and centered on length

1.75

2.5

1.375

¼-20 threaded hole is to pass electrode. hole is 1.375” from top edge and centered.

.875”

.375”

shouldered hole detail (4 each )3/8 x .15

0.5”

13/64 pass thru hole

Layout of spark gap board( ¼ scale)Caution: multiple fiducials

Arc shield glass plates:Arc shield plates are 4.625” x 2.25 x 0.125” These are cut from scrap glass, such as a cheap department store mirror or glass pane. For safety, tape off all areas except for the score line. Score the glass with a clean glass cutter that is in good condition. Break on the score line by placing plate in a vise and putting the score line in tension with a quick push on the plate. Clean up any shards with a vacuum cleaner. Dull all fresh breaks with an ordinary file.

23

2.312”

FAN

5.312”

2.312”

¾ x 1.25” 3” 3”

.875”

24

Glass capacitorGlass capacitor consists of 5 sheets of glass panes 16” x 20” x1/8”. A typical design has a primary capacitor value of about 11 nanofarads. Capacitor panes may see peak voltages of 34 kV.

Glass has a dielectric strength of about 10 kV/mm. A glass pane 1/8” thick should withstand 31 kVhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_strength

C = A/d (1000cm = 1.12 nanoFarad)

A = 4.724 x 6.3 cm^2 (foil 12” x 16”; glass 16” x 20))d = 0.049 cm

=(1822.114286) (MS word formula)= 2.04

glass 16 x 20, foil 12” x 16 (3*(12/2.54)*(16/2.54) /(.125 /2.54)/1000)*1.12 (MS word formula) = 2.03 nanoFarad

glass 12 x 16, foil 8” x 12” foil(3*(8/2.54)*(12/2.54) /(.125 /2.54)/1000)*1.12 ( MS word formula)= 1.02 nanoFarad

Materials:Glass: https://www.homedepot.com/p/12-in-x-16-in-x-125-in-Clear-Glass-91216/202091043

Spray adhesive:

25

Glass capacitor (shown 1/4 size)

glass 16” x 20” x1/8”; foil 12” x 16”; one plate is approximately 2 nanoFarads

26

Decoupling inductor board

Inductor board consists of ferrite rods wound with #16 copper wire with 600 volt (thick) insulation). The thick insulation serves for spacing to reduce intra-winding capacitance well as insulation. The board and spacing of components must accommodate 17 kV. Input is from the de-queuing diode. Output is connected to glass capacitor (+) terminal.

Standard Stocking Rods http://www.bytemark.com/products/rod1.htm

Part number Material Permeability Diameter(in)

Length(in)

AL valuemh/1000t

Ampereturns

R61-025-400 61 125 .25 4.0 26 110R61-037-300 61 125 .37 3.0 32 185R61-050-400 61 125 .50 4.0 43 575R61-050-750 61 125 .50 7.5 49 260R33-037-400 33 800 .37 4.0 62 290R33-050-200 33 800 .50 2.0 51 465R33-050-400 33 800 .50 4.0 59 300R33-050-750 33 800 .50 7.5 70 200

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Main power supply assemblyHigh voltage barrier stripsFuseMOV spike protectorInrush current limiter (Aqua-Rite Thermistor AS 2 ohm X001K7JROR)RFI line filter (clamp on type)Fans (110 Volt, ball bearing) for spark gap, and diodes/transformer)red status light

Hook up wire (16 AWG stranded; 105 Centigrade, black, white, green, red, yellow spade connectors

Vinyl tubing (high voltage insulation, transformer-capacitor-spark gap)

http://www.richieburnett.co.uk/dcreschg.html

The table below shows some equations that are useful when working with the DC resonant charging arrangement. In particular these equations aid the designer in the choice of the Charging Inductor Lr and the Tank Capacitor Cp.

Resonant Frequency of charging circuit. (This is the standard equation for resonant frequency.)

Hertz

Maximum Rotary firing rate. The maximum BPS is twice the resonant frequency of the charging circuit. This is because the charging operation takes one half cycle at the resonant frequency to complete. Correct resonant charging action no longer takes place above this maximum speed.

Breakspersecond

Characteristic impedance of resonant charging circuit. This gives an indication of the loading that the resonant charging circuit presents to the DC supply. It is also used later to calculate the peak charging current.

Ohms

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Peak voltage to which tank capacitor charges. The capacitor is charged to twice the DC supply voltage for all rotary speeds below the maximum allowable BPS.

Volts

Energy stored in tank capacitor before firing. Obtained by substituting 2Vdc into the familiar energy equation.

Joules

Power throughput at a particular firing rate. Obtained by multiplying the capacitor energy by the rotary firing rate.

Watts

Power throughput achieved at maximum BPS. This is the maximum power throughput that can be achieved by running the rotary at the maximum allowable speed. Obtained by substituting the value for maximum BPS into the power equation above.

Watts

Peak current through the charging inductor. Obtained by dividing the DC supply voltage by the characteristic impedance of the resonant charging circuit. This also represents the peak current drawn from the DC reservoir capacitor during the charging cycle.

Amps

RMS current through charging inductor at maximum rotary BPS. This is the RMS current that the charging inductor will see when the system is run at full power. The charging inductor should be rated appropriately.

Amps

Peak energy stored in the charging inductor during charging cycle. Obtained by substituting the peak inductor current into the familiar inductor energy equation. Notice that the peak inductor energy is independent of the actual inductor value, and it is equal to a quarter of the energy that is finally stored in the tank capacitor !

Joules

Product of charging inductor and tank capacitor values. Obtained by rearranging the equation for maximum BPS. This is used as a step to derive to the design equations for Cp and Lp below.

-

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Ratio of charging inductor and tank capacitor values. Obtained by rearranging the equation for maximum power. This is also used as a step to derive the design equations for Cp and Lp below.

-

Tank capacitor value for specified power at specified maximum BPS. Use this equation to calculate the capacitor size required to achieve your chosen maximum power at your chosen maximum rotary speed.

Farads

Charging inductor value for specified power at specified maximum BPS. Use this equation to calculate the inductor value required to achieve your chosen maximum power at your chosen maximum rotary speed.

Henries

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Margaret:

Thank you for your prompt response.

The rectifiers will be used in a more-or-less conventional bipolar DC Tesla transformer (aka "Tesla coil"). Two such machines will be constructed and used to investigate the gravitational effects of HV rotating electrical fields.

The power supply uses a neon transformer, a rectifier bridge, a smoothing capacitor, a de-Q-ing diode, and an isolation inductor ; the latter two components isolate the Tesla primary from the power supply. The power supply output itself is about 17 kV DC but the inductor (and the Tesla primary capacitor) effectively double this and the de-Q-ing diode(s) could see 34 kV reverse voltage. Hence, all components (or combinations) are spec'd for 40kV. The Tesla output is expected to be about 500 kV with a ringing waveform (130 kHz) that must be properly phased with the output of another Tesla coil to produce a rotating field.

The scientific aspects of this are further described at:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309533409_Beyond_Einstein_non-local_physics

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319002136_Research_needed_on_monopolar_pulsed_high_voltage_levitation

I was impressed by the VMI descriptions of the diodes in the FAQ. But I realize that your company probably does not service small quantity orders needed for research or prototyping. That is ok. I can find other sources of HV diodes. But I was impressed by VMI's and so I thought I should at least inquire about a quantity of 10 (not 6).

Brian Fraserbrianfraser427@yahoo.com

On Wednesday, October 25, 2017, 5:29:10 PM MDT, Margaret Fulleylove <mfulley@voltagemultipliers.com> wrote:

Hello Brian,  

Thank you for your request.  Will you please advise the application these are being considered for.  We will need to review this item with our engineering group., as we have not sold this item for quite a while now.  

I look forward to learning more about your application.  

Thank you, 

Margaret VMI Sales 

-----Original Message-----

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From: fp1_fm192@formmail.com [mailto:fp1_fm192@formmail.com] Sent: Tuesday, October 24, 2017 5:12 PMTo: VMI Customer Service RequestSubject: Rectifier Assembly Request

Below is the result of your feedback form.  It was submitted by Brian Fraser (brianfraser427@yahoo.com) on Tuesday, October 24, 2017 at 19:11:42---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rectifier Assembly Quote: Quote

Address: 8243 E. Oak St.

Address2: Scottsdale, Arizona 85257

Phone: 480-946-7683

application: HV power supply

Quantity: 6

Input Voltage: 12 kV r.m.s

Output Voltage: 17 kV

Operating Frequency: 60 Hz

Output Current: 35 ma

Preferred Size: 6.5 inch case

Cooling Method: fan

Operating Temp: 60 C

Comments: Initial specs for this prototype point to the FP200UF  rectifier stack (20kV, 2.2 amps, 70 ns, 6.5” case length)

So I would like a quote for 6 each of FP200UF 

Submit: Submit

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