4-hypertention (4)

8/2/2019 4-hypertention (4)

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Hypertension Prepared by Dr.Mustafa AlShehabat


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What is Blood Pressure? Pressure created by the heart as it pumps blood

through the arteries and the circulatory systemWhat do Blood Pressure Numbers Mean? Top number (Systolic)= Pressure while heart is

beating Bottom number (Diastolic)= P ressure while heart is

resting between beats


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Normal Blood Pressure Blood Pressure of < 140/ 90 Blood Pressure of 130 to 139/ 85 to 89 should

be closely watchedHigh Blood Pressure Blood Pressure > 140/ 90


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How can I tell if I have High

Blood Pressure? Usually NO SYMPTOMS! The Silent Killer May have:

HeadacheBlurry visionChest PainFrequent urination at night


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Blood Pressure Measurement Sphygmomanometer

Systolic pressure= pressure when 1st

sound isheard Diastolic pressure= pressure when last sound

is heardBlood Pressure Cuff Size Small children and small adults Average Large overweight and large adults


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BPCategory

Systolic(mmHg)

Diastolic(mmHg)

Follow-up

Optimal < 120 and < 80 Recheck

2 yearsNormal < 130 and < 85 Recheck 2

years

HighNormal

130-139 or 85-89 Recheck 1year


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BPCategory

Systolic(mmHg)

Diastolic(mmHg) Follow-up

Stage 1(mild HTN) 140-159 or 90-99 Confirm withinmonths

Stage 2(moderateHTN)

160-179 or 100-109 Evaluate within

1 monthStage 3(severe HTN)

180 or > or 110 or > Evaluateimmediately


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What Causes High BloodPressure? Cause unknown in 90 to 95% of cases = PrimaryHypertension Secondary Hypertension = 5 to 10%

Kidney AbnormalitiesNarrowing of certain arteriesRare tumorsAdrenal gland abnormalitiesPregnancy


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What Causes High Blood

Pressure? Controllable Risk Factors

Increased salt intakeObesity

AlcoholStressLack of exercise


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What Causes High BloodPressure? Uncontrollable Risk Factors

HeredityAge

Men between age 35 and 50Women after menopause

Race1 out of every 3 African AmericansHigher incidence in non-Hispanic blacks and MexicanAmericans


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Women and High Blood

Pressure Birth Control Pill Pregnancy Overweight After Menopause African Americans


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How does High Blood Pressure develop? Certain nerve impulses cause arteries to

become larger (dilate) or smaller (contract) If vessels wide open blood flows easily If vessel narrows pressure inside

increases causing hypertension


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What does High Blood Pressure do to myBody? Stroke Congestive heart failure Kidney failure Heart attack Heart rhythm problems Aneurysm


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What Can I Do?

High blood pressure is a lifelong disease Blood pressure can be controlled not cured Controlling blood pressure will reduce the risk of

stroke, heart attack, heart failure and kidneydisease


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What Can I Do?

Loose weight if your overweight Get regular physical activity Avoid excessive alcohol Stop smoking

Manage your stress


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What Can I Do?

Decrease salt intake Eat for heart health Discuss the use of oral contraceptives with your

doctor

Discuss the use of some medications with yourdoctor


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Ten Commandments for BloodPressure Control Know your blood pressure

Have it checked regularly Know what your weight should be

Keep it at that level or below Dont use excessive salt in cooking or at meals

Avoid salty foods

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Ten Commandments for BloodPressure Control Eat a low-fat diet

According to AHA regulations Dont smoke cigarettes

Or use tobacco products Take your medicine exactly as prescribed

Dont run out of pills even for a single day

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Ten Commandments for BloodPressure Control Keep your appointments with the doctor Follow your doctors advice about exercise Make certain family members have their blood

pressure checked regularly Live a normal life in every other way!

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Medication for High BloodPressure Diuretics

Rid the body of excess fluids and salt Beta-blockers

Reduce the heart rate and the work of the heart Calcium antagonists

Reduce heart rate and relax blood vessels


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Medication for High BloodPressure Angiotensin II receptor blockers(ACE)

Interfere with the bodies production of angiotensin,a chemical that causes the arteries to constrict(narrow)

VasodialatorsCause the muscle in the wall of the blood vessels torelax, allowing the vessel to dialate (widen)


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Medication for High BloodPressure Sympathetic nerve inhibitors

Sympathetic nerves go from the brain to all parts ofthe body, including the arteriesCause arteries to constrict raising blood pressure

These drugs reduce blood pressure by inhibitingthese nerves from constricting blood vessels


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Home Blood PressureMonitoring Mercury sphygmomanometer

Standard for BP monitoringNo calibrationMay be bulky

Need a second person to use machineMay be difficult for hearing impaired or patients witharthritis


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Home Blood PressureMonitoring Aneroid equipment

Inexpensive, lightweight and portableTwo person operation/need stethoscopeDelicate mechanism, easily damagedNeeds calibration with mercury sphygmomanometer


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Home Blood PressureMonitoring Automatic equipment

Contained in one unitPortable with easy-to-read digital displayExpensive, fragile

Must be calibratedRequires careful cuff placement

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4-hypertention (4)