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Gas Turbine

Fuels

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Fuel Flexibility

Types of Fuel Gaseous Fuels

Natural Gas

Low BTU Gas

LPGs Propanes,Butanes

Synthetic Gases ( High Hydrogen Content)

Liquid Fuels

Light Distillates

Heavy Distillates

Heavy Oils

Residuals and Blends

Mixed Fules

Distillates and Gas ( 10/90 & 30/70 )

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Fuel Flexibility

Viscosity Criterion

Low Viscosity < 1.8 cstNaphtha , Kerosene

Medium Viscosity 2 - 10 cst

Distillate #2 , HSD

High Viscosity > 20 cstCrudes, Residuals

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Fuel Flexibility

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Oil and gas are mixtures of compoundsof carbon and hydrogen, known ashydrocarbons.

In its raw form natural gas it is made upof:

Methane Propane

Ethane Butane

Hexane Other hydrocarbons

hydrogen sulfide (H2S)Nitrogen

Natural gas was considered a nuisancebyproduct of oil extraction process.

What is Natural Gas

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Natural Gas Composition

MethaneCH4 72-90%

EthaneC2H6 0-20%

PropaneC3H8ButaneC4H10Carbon DioxideCO20-8%

OxygenO2 0-0.2% NitrogenN2 0-5%

Hydrogen sulphideH2S 0-5%

Rare gases, He, Ne, Xetrace

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Natural Gas Composition-Processed

MethaneCH4 77%

EthaneC2H6 9%

PropaneC3H8ButaneC4H10 10%

Carbon DioxideCO22% NitrogenN2 2%

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Natural Gas Receiving Terminal

Knock Out

Drum

Drain

Filter-1

Filter-2

FM-1

FM-2

GT-3GT-2GT-1 GT-4

Cold

Flare

PCV

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Natural Gas Firing in Gas Turbine

Drain

GT

-1

Control

Valve

GT-1

Stop

Valve

Comb

Comp Turb Gen

Air

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Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

Natural gas condenses at 222oC

LNG contains no water, CO2, sulfur compounds,

etc.

Like boiling water only 222C colder.

Vapor/liquid volume ratio = : .6666

It is light specific gravity = ~ .666

Flammable when vaporized

Open (unconfined) pool of LNG CANNOT

EXPLODE

Flame speed ~ fps ( . mps)2 22

LNG vapor buoyant at temperatures warmer-

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METHANE

ETHANE

PROPANE

BUTANES

PENTANES & heavier= C5+

= PENTANES PLUS

= NATURAL GASOLINE

= CONDENSATE

NON HYDROCARBONSe.g. N2, H2O, CO2, H2S, COS, Hg, etc.

LPG

NGL NATURAL

GAS

LNG

TERMINOLOGY AND CONSTITUENTS OF

NATURAL GAS

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Liquid Fuel- Naphtha

Highly Volatile,

Highly Inflammable

Low Lubricity

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Liquid Fuel Process Flow

Naphtha Storg

Naptha

NTPC-Kawas

Forwarding PumFilter

GT-2

Skid

ONGC

GT-1Skid

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Liquid Fuel Firing in Gas Turbine

GT

-1

ControlValve

Stop

Valve

Comb

Comp Turb Gen

Air

Fuel

Pump

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Liquid Fuel System Schematic

Liquid Fuel Flow from Fuel selection skid to combustion chamber

18 Combustion chamber

Naphtha supply

Purge air

Pressure compensate fuel

delivery unitTo recirculation

Fuel Pump (VFD)

Fuel filter

Distillate supply

Transfer Valve

Stop valve

Stop valve

Fuel Selection Skid Liquid fuel Module Turbine compartment

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