Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1994+7 F
f]JSHUILI
15T
XUEBAO
'E,kffi7ffi
E
4 fnflilt2t&ftt fiERFff E zF tHiilffi fitf f; .
E ^,Ft+ il] ffi ryEJ(EJt&!Lt+zKfl6)
4 I iE ri = ffi I.6..T1 t€ H! A F ffi X, 1& # H + i6 A fr *,ft HE il\'tfr .#1 Y IR fr b+rr q, M ) inF'. F9A,Kffi . \EtklEf{ffifEH. E fl6 fr"*fr,F.: (I) ff,h6En9q, {ft,Ffnill|tfiffi FJH; Q) nEWID&ffii++nit:Y; (3)fffsffiiF, eH.*Tlfr*,fr?, rEE4'; (4)R€fi856!ttft4i6&tE(,s>0.85)
ft E A ffi ffi tr ffi E'{t 4F tL (c : 0.2--{. 7). I f 4 r€ ffi n lf fitl ffi ffi d: 7K E h rl fr ++AE + +R tE r& tr E#,\\ffi ftffr M,A, ffi S. *l ffi Hfr zJ< 9i 5 ffi EitS Afr : iErtE u 4 tr €1. Ft A ̂ 4ifr &fn it HtILfiiF, 4' fi f ifi E f,\ ff Bt *. kffi:'t+. Ud mffi H (tR f: zlr T- t 3. 5 % ). rlfi F i6 & F m & # zK tf tt. I X
h*, rig-jtu.ffifiix.9e€iFJ +\RMVJ** -Er&e€rtfH, u triE, ffiF,lkffitr, ffiA.AW., il[lrht|Frt.
M s
+trn40+{tU*, ff iF#ff irE.ff i .*ffJEE, l+*Bx*ff iT uM, +WM.ie+rJ *rV. +ffiWM+ ffi&*d rKfgfrtuEtr iE, )*Effi*,MWffi tK h * l+ lh&, #.*IEEA4 (r) . 70 +,ftr}*, frtrXffi T u MfrflilU+rJ&MwffiFi6, +&ffiiuHtriHE-l:fS,F., {+AIIE u frtWffi&.hH*,Wr{rfln#J"u"Mffiffi(I\T^ffi u 4). RHfr+0ffi,fr. ffi,ffi . Sifi6Ertfi+di,F., Efir**triEif@6! +.*Mfi (') . fHxftsffi*M'RE, iff lFEt[,i6H Ert E tL€.ffi.W.
ffifrE-#. . (lt ffi ffi fr ffJffi F 7ts ift €if . € ffi ift Ei++ qE fl 6i6 A +J. tr E W tBKfte.{tH (2) ; ^-til{&+filifiEffiE*. ,rrH*. 4ttr*+ill|EffiH#. frN*. x&Dlffi,EEM€zkF>F (3'6) ; ffi*tzK:€.ffi.VJ (in6HiE. frUtr) *ffft4*ihHIR! , hEfiffi#i; 7L*€zK#E (tnTldn.. ffiH+) 4*AE$y,t,E7Lnfiuj" n4ttu1lwffi+rJ$Etnw" i+,F. +.H+\a#,4ffi* "-' . ErL, ffi4€zK€ffi.+rJ&j^hEi6+#f i6E H . t4€tzJ<# E-fEA *&EfrE 4,. T n #f,. E n ef.. U!, €tf H&HSft'r. r+'sr .
Parshall(l920)ES f EEftfi(Parshall)€zKffi to' . Skogerboe +(1967, 1972)Xft
* +yf' ree2+3 F e F ttFJ. +4ffi x1+9J TKfri fl /( f'i & ̂ tr n eemtr-tr A E H tr €4E. Wfr 'E ltrfil/^l*tr*.t[tt#tW$t.
- t 2 -
fr ffiM frp&.ft E zKilH (o) . t[ f, r {:.ffi-H T ffiVffiffiM'Ra. {E H f Hil648 &H&4'(0. 6--0. 8 ), 9EWRE t * r +'t#, W t!, tfr,, zu i'fi tffi tr #. t S - ffi lfr. H t|&.lK{n-ift €re6, ,E zlc*ifirl€ffFg!#t_t'r*w#.x., lLl:v'&.4rxtu{ffitffiHa fr,*frt\fiJ (7) . Khafagiffi. s ffi 6 ffircM. ffir.KvFrE€zKffi (6) &ADH, {Et$ffiWhfr#'M$tffi,MHTfr#.,MFE, H+ M*,Mtr€E-'JtrrU W.&)5&6#+trtr, i*#fit '( ') . ISoffi#ffJ u vKvffi€.Ezjrffi (u' {r.i6Hi'rrft u 4tr, xf u 4fiHEM#.MWirifJxELXiEffi.
&ffiEtzK€X,VirWA. 64d. rEEzlr-H.EEffifHflF8, +rnffifi&Ulftt|=ffiffi4.+JRftrfte=t€fzJ<ffi, WffivFailfrrlh v M. u MffiM+n&M, H#efrAfiJl&, -L'. Tf?861:tifA&(l : 6). EJ*d,W.#.sA: tU+rt&WEz&fF6:Sf,fEJrle,(ffiEffffifRFJ, HtlJt*'l6/tT v Mffi u M). {RzJ<{nW[ffiffiHH( Etf.Trnffih60 " F0 v M). ffi€ArtIS-/A'H58. l[frft. mS, xf{*i[EzJttffiEAEFHX. FtAEEH.*Tffi.&M, 6'{xi6A v IV'IF, rrj-tr iEAHtrM&M'REEH. Alffi+ Rilb+rJ*,M ftvRW.E rKffi fr11 T jt € ifr & ffi fi . I + I I FI A H! E fl Wffi t?M,fr , h fr T A ffi EtKffi E &ffi E H S ?ft ia F r Ut' T ffi l< {n iil E Je 6 fn F'f& E zK tS']t.
(- ) flF tr ffi E tlttft tt f F ffi+,t &#t frtfi ,+ ffi * I"xilf',W *,M frvR Et.E zjc H E - ffi X EfrJ 4 r15 4 ry. nffi ( K I ). zJ< ffi &ffi Ai h t-Yffi' ̂ fr. n qFffi ffi *.r*H{ T ffi fi iE, &pR tr T Difff iE Si 4, tl6 n 7KW, tr i$ ̂ 4- tfi fi # . 5 T ffi tr + rK'm'tgi t*. El tt T ffi zj<.'ffi.&ffi g X.trJ,jc n {-d E xf t ffi zK i,il ft, T th, ii ffi tt E r1, 5 E Et zK ift tn € rK ffi Ht /L {'I R t' a ie.
IEf{4E2K,ffiffi tr trm,fExf {itrtrffitriil'nA EW#r\kffiffiBt, rj-FERiE#f FJ $l
4(t+rt( I )EFm r! r& tr ffi ffi tE.(=) E$Stfttftta* €n{?trtrtKW h(m)5ffffiffiffi€ Q(m3 7 s)FiJ€68-f ,
'fEEETfHffJLFIRf( e. P) hEfr, Frftr.lHE: (l) tzfiffirft trIRSHESzJ<R{nEnlf?trtr,RR++/f+; Q)'frfi.lLfr,h#ffi; (3) it n Wffiffi*.W.F0/(ikfr4 K"W6if.
id *r4 *ffi rnt ;c
. A - 1 f i { i l i E l
K I +-rLti,,vt*Mnm&t,K,t
lnEf r, DJIF n,Rffi/(+Eit#Iftm, EI€n o-o ffiffiffi r-r ffEiHgFE E+&tE:
AL
a O 'H o:u ' , ! , *4, (s)
frF: //o t-Lffi,Ht*(m);(m2), ffifr(2), A,al5h:
t, hWtr sl<ffiffi F,['zKK(m'); t, *trFtr il/(ffiffi Eifl
(8)
(6)
a, htFtrffiEm$hfrT'fidK&.. trWffiHiA&, zKffiTffituE,'ffi,E |frffiLfr5J, trftFIn a,x t; a:,hvFtrffiE Etf;rl66Efi&. ifi&nTEE, rfttr A7LEfnttfrEI )E{UH 7F W#r &++frffitfr ( El 2)i
: : Kr! , , (7)
=tf : Kt hdlTKtrtEtE{frHffizcmLnEary. ffirtr, ffinffiEtr rl'|frt{rtAry1[t?h 0 ) :
4 -A, :1 f , "11 , /P ;
, K l ' F l' , : --T- '!t& t EE, ffi n ffi ifr * h rk n s,, 5 V.ib,*h t\MW Et fr+Jrlfi -fF zjc F y " #Er-k'l**.A .
dFl 3, K"= 1.0554.) t r : K r Y
" '
xtffiWt&Wtr, 8il6+/(WE[*,rit "'
- t 4 :
I,l- . -I
l-2L =3(B- c-c *{ fii l.3l
A-l *t ili trl
(e)
3KrsI8-3(K, + l )Kr l ,]
ru*(1l)xE€t
(10)
' ' ' ( t t )
.'.. ,1 .-, . .:
1rz)
.. _, (m)SErtH69lLEt4:fr
K^A: Co: i
ffi cohfr.E W., ' e:coHXtG.
(P)FgfiJe.
E
E +-e =0 .t -=0 .o---c =0.5o -e =0 .3
i0 20 30 40 50v' (cn)
10 20
f("') f(.')N2 P/y-y,*6 &3 y, -y"* .A
*&trf[.El*U{ffitfrrfiW h, W., u h l\E no, )tfrLlftfrffifrVrtR&. c"q'r+ Qts h*R:
Q:C oC "h ' / ' [ 7 , (14 )
EH o :h + noQt / QsA'), .n'Jffis.fr(I3). (14)4$;
(15)
*F: aohftfr.Rffi,E |frT.frF-&, rfjrlfHfi#tr, do=l: Ah'41fr.R+/(A)bh(m)n-f E!ilrt(ffiE ffifl(rrr1. f,NllittrzK# h &ffiVJ&MfiRfi r s-'1, EpEf Hfr(Is)fr*(14)itft*{+rilE q.
- 5. nfi&5HflX
(-)it&#t i&&E& ll fflr+F!ffiEw.Frt u 4trrtrf fr:ftffr. u 4ffimH4W.tflfrfr d:0 " -t4" , IRt[+6 R:0.1.-0.3m; €zJ<ffiF!ffitrffiffi&ffitr11fr|/,W.e:0.85. 0.783. 0.75. 0.70. 0.65. 0.60. 0.50. 0.40fi0.30, *gry.. ff i trfrf iJff iFH
I =o'r *rol { r=0 .775
I c = 0 . ?
- 15 -
*ffi.fr,ffiffi.ffi ,1. ff{,ff . *# s{, {Fffi n ff ffi tr,1'4 5 t fiFF iE +'L' *,**. ffi il,Rff EzKR.AH!tr /RfE+. r& t r t . T iF *r IF,W._| t r . S s i f f * .&. , KE hfr I } l rLr:4r(B-b), Lz:qz(B'b), Hf 41:3, 4z:3-4. /(R{nT#trf f iA&Xff i i f f i (3--4)H EEHA|. ruffiiftEx,ffi e0 ' t6I& v Mw&.&alE, zJ<{iil|| E*H+tVz!<{nil|lff( + 0. rmm). ffi mffi Br|fr ffi +fttr. ffi ffi Et& H U!IE€U||€I. ifr& u 4 F ffi E }.nfr,+rr&MerKffiR-ifi# L
* hWIFF],thttS, rnEru,REEH&jE, il{€E#tttrE.(=) ifrffir$tE * E tritrtrfnEzjcHtrHtEffi€ruffi)tta, IlJHtiFul|EffiE(7J(
R.fnH)ildE l:ffi7KK h, fipF n ffimnllEffi ntKW y, &.F.fitK* p / y, *frbitFv Mffi&EiflUt+ O, .LlFffH,H.zK*nIiiH hHo:h+ e' / (2gA'), *Eifr&+6r[,W{T
,Kffi *,#J ry.tl d E, U E tl ffi T F] trA e K E #t ffi tliJ fr *R A! R iE {n E.(=) ?kn €HH+rjl hTffiFwJtr(-f fdE +Riuw&MfrwwazJcffiBf am{s
'l+, fiflEtnlfi'ilE*Utl ffi x&, ftafr T 7K)r HH&U.zKlf F #rBfr4E,tttaEffi tr pffiEilfiFffiiEiEn-'t, frtKffi#..ETF+€#. i+HULffi#)
- 1 6 -
* I' eftUl u H'RAWhSr|€7Kffi69Fl/rm€/AfrU&trf f iE t E.AH4ffi E EA*O : C o(H o + d, ' t ' t , l p
f r€ R(m) H(m) c ( ' )P
( m ' ,A(mm)
ffi*.aw. !++,( % )
cd
I 0 . 1 0 .3 9 .5
0.3
0.4
t l \
0.6
t34.49
7 5 .65
48.42
33.62
_ I . U
-6.1
-6.2
0.99995
0.9998
0.999
0.99997
0 . 1 3 8
0.25
0.63
0.06
2.588
2.348
2.300
2.326
2 0 . t 0.3 t 4 0.65 28.65 -4.7 0.999 0.80 , ) 1 1
3 0 . t 5 0.335 0.7 5 0.65 18.98 -3.5 0.9997 0.40 2.098
0 . 1 5 0.4 v . )
0.65
0.70
u . / )
1 8 . 1 3
15.63
13.62
-5.0
-6.4
0.9995
0.9983
0.9998
0.73
0.929
0.205
2.203
2.095
2.048
5 0 . l 5 0.32 12.15 0.65 15.67 -3.4 0.9998 0.32 2.047
6 0 . l 5 0.4 t 4 0.65 16.35 - 1 . 5 0.9999 0.33 2.1t0
7 0.2 0 .5 10.65 0.65 t2 .90 -7.0 0.9997 0.365 2.132'
8 0.25 0.57 l 0 0 .65 10.02 -8.5 0.9996 0.60 2.20&'
9 0.3 0.6 8 .8 0.65 7.98 - t . l 0.99995 0.33 2.102
l 0 0 .3 0 .6 l l . l 5 0.65 7.73 -z .z 0.9998 0.71 8 2.004'
l l 0.3 0.6 12.7 0.65 7.67 -4.6 0.99995 0. l9 2.182
6!Ef{}-E
# :so - 'r' (16)
F: dx hWfliW!fit@)t'dE hWfw.f8l,tf.h@), E N h + 2' t (2g,4'), so tJRffi tL@(m / m); t htKffi&W(m / m).
_ n ,o { . (17 )r :a ton 'I
frF: n tffi#; r t&E(m); z t$zl<ffiffiFfl(m). =t(t0)m€hMfr,h:E E i
- E- i+t + hi : t ( ,s-o - t ,
Ax
E._E , ,rg) : f -1,x.
TRETIft JFTh frffi , rRtr ffiW*Mffiffi HT rIft JFi<#T :/ 2 7 p \ t / 4 | / 7,,:\ft) o""'
{frt(2 I ),ftAfr (e), {+Af6^nh r : ! , : 1 . 0 5 5 4 y " ,
frF: ,rtffiffi i. i+l t4H0,E$zic*fi1ft(m); so. r4i-friJtrrffimt4Ho+itrRmfipafEtKffitfrw; ++EilE f\EetH-fr rfrfrw; +rH-fr Ft 5zK,ilirtrtFlElr.fB" +", E-zw"-". fifr(18)4-:
,ro, _E , -
!:*, +Ji _ Ax. (19)+ (so -"/)
efr i ffiEzJcW l,, H-.1, ffirt(le), *ffi r(n;:6 B!R, FI{+gJ r+r ffim^W &"/.HTzKIfi H HBf,Effi hffi tr Fff,Tffi *ffi#,L, HXffi H TfrTTEJIffiH*. UWtr
ffi m jly &fi'J Wffi , 4J thtA fttl zK W t n& n zKW y,. K"W ni, )?il,.*t Wn F zJc R{iE Bt tr JRtzJcTH'.l, rt(le)Fl5t :
(2r)
(22)
{t tt (20)E ffi.t&H tKffi *,, q 4+ h ft. Q & l+T fr+Jffi tfr zKW h. ffiHfrffi + *.H " =tlE" (FORTRAN ffiF)
(Eq)it #:f?"*-1ff1. ,K?xq tfr.f J€ en+ E#Fffizlctr#tB!tt,PffHN.ILE | / 200-t / 3000. iil&(
W 4)*.8A, e >0.75 F,f , 6lElfrHt ET.H Q-h XA, xLtil+*fi-ti lEAfr;e:0.7 Ef , | / 300-r / 700WEfrffi, E/(ffiRAfEEHt 2-h'*.4; e :0.95 B-'J, frKffiEEI+fJtE t / 30a-t / 1000: e( o.o Bt. &.#WWaIh t / 3000. ElrtrFJtBlqtmtrTHffit e :0.70.
2. if"t ^*, Cd K 5 *qE, Kr:(P / i/ y,WffiXt/FW h.zJ', WtTr,flEE#. xr-h/ HXF-q#mh
Kr :0 .921- 0 .224h / H ,
ffi*4w r : 0.9287, +ltfExfiF E6 o, : 2.81o/o.K5
K, : 1.0554,
fEXfiF* 3 o, :o,-t / 1.0554 :1.760/o.
. (18)
:h/ H FErgtmu*
1 '' (23)
(20)
(24)
- . t7 -
z0
t 0
0
0
o - l / 7 0 0A- l /300
Lt/zoooo - l / t 0 0 0a - l l l o o
o - I /3000. - l /2000^ - t / zoo
ZU 4 0 t 0 20
G
t 0 0
r i : :
0 (t,/s )E 4
E 5 K f K z - h / H X
*(23). (24) ft^*(l2)rf, {+aj-,-+rht6ryt8frc-.:2.0353ia"l: O.lAgAh / H ,
w n l f l :0.2-1.0 Ff, ca:2.109-2.382, EIn, CdwTKw hwtgfrWfrtJnx., i , :3. cd@iali- ,il86ry c//liFl&#gu|| 0 5 hWW#'fr(13)EtrE'/F. HWfr
EE, ft+ Q5 noXAhEAW.Q : A H t o '
$ y : lng, X :lnH s r.Jtbft HA W?F.,
tfrtr A, B, A':lnA HhEt)1HW..wRffi&w Q EHo, Ho:h+Q' /QsA'z\*6&fr(27), (28)+f&, *ffi/\#.,
,HtrJHirHflEFEI*l++,t. a ffi. EH9J Q 5 H, H!+tftErLBnfr(I3)1, fr\ B M+- 18 -
(2s)
(26)
(27)
(28)
a , - c = 0 . Je - c = { ) . 4r - s : $ . $r - r ' = 0 . t i 5+ - e = 0 . ?
r=0.021 -0.Zl4h/ l l
r=-0. 9287
T 2. WMtffi.E no€trln,i.-+rffn€,fi lb6tr a 'u' (a tr4f €,F.il11EE#&jArFEIn&trH+8R#JffinlA'o' ), I|JEtl HAEfix :ln(r/o + l). ij4tr t^ tr", ffi.Er)a#RF .a: zN, 1+9JA :"^', C, : A,JV. trtlffi€tAfrEi5I
Q:Co( I Io+N, / ^ IT . ' (2e)XH E!E*tfrW1+#Jffitlffi,Xt1#.. t Ffizs. fr#EI m, c, ffi n. H. e 6! j€Jtffid
zJ', ffiXKW r &fr.! r, tEEXE,U{€Zl'4B!ffire*R&ft. ^iFX.trE, 6'E&0.r38-0.e2e %i-;14, "*uu a 5Err Q trzt4#Jgix|ffi.t!,, tBEl[||i&ffiHsH. #F tW rJfiE, Fit 4-t.sr8.5mm Zla1. TlAtr"h L: -4.96mmx-5mm. {Hftj.tr/(R.H!4,F.+6H 5mm F'f , ffita\frFIuiE{UXHfr(I3). (14)fr(ls).
A , R : 0 . I m , I I : 0 . 3 m , a : 9 . 5 " ,
c , R :0 .15m, f / :0 .4m, c :9 .5 " ,
K 6
e = 0 . 3 ; B , R = 0 . 1 m ,
e :0 .65 ; D ' R :0 .3m,
Q-h&il#xe.&.&
H : 0 . 3 m , c : 9 . 5 " e : 0 . 5 i
I / : 0 . 6 m , a : 8 . 8 " , e : 0 . 6 5 ;
t (n- ' )
W7 HSIEIE#* co=J(P, e)
ltJ1€Hffifi)W.1+T ilfr&#FWA R.tt6! e 5 n XR(W 6). trrtrffiEtf(-tffiE u 4FiE(R:0.1-1.0m, 11:0.3-1.5m, a:0-15 " )ilnlE&ffiVc(e:0.2-4.7)f9€zj<#ftr:fiT&fi), Wlt#+gfr.Co:1(R. H. u. e. P\WE, #t|#R,f;*^W7.4R, zz gEid&#R* 72981&W(t l) HfiX&ffi, fift6*Et)14i-ffi'4+gJ CdffJn-tXfrI:
C o : l ' 9 6 P o o l l € - o l 3 '
ff i*.RWr : 0.8369, &nlE* 6": 2.81/o.
(30)
_ {t frQ _ hrko o o ',fiQl,fi
OU
Q (L/s)
H r ' = 0 . 2 . _ { . : ( , . 6. _ v . ! ' x _ _ r . = ( J . t i 5
: - . - ' =0- . ,1 1_r . :0 .76 . . - | :0 ,s
- 19 -
E tt (2 5 ). ( 3 0) r| ttj {t 't ( I 3 ) Bf , t+ 3J Ff + FI t#ftk+ #r'mE a\ tt
Q :Z.OtSlZ,l t + ONgSh / H ni I'lv,e : l.96Po'orrr
-o'r3 ni l ' lV,
E. EtK'f*frEittfi,r,v
' (-) rt]f #lE UU ii[ tf H ]E H H fH xf t tl iRE fJ X.uJ' *,i.'itJ'1'fL F iREE tf E Adtr E tr * tR #.fr1l nE 6, &ffi m€art ( r +), + R nu+n *,M Tcv*.w.Ezrffi P! &r /&w{ ffiE#, HTTQrr 'o:* .nsh
m6 n :J 6 'd + 6"
" + (26 r) ' + (O.Sdr) ' , (33)
frF: 6nj[7iiil€ltEx'ttr.h1L*., 6"d. 6"u. 'ehfr{JhC,t. C,. h. pyl/f1tttr{'+laa.
f; T +/R fl0 +n &M frrrhft E zK ffi E H H S.ffi.* |+T'T'(F, t S?zJ< {n ffi € (Fr < 0. 5).n-frffi, frTa#taffr+, nTffir, ffi nR.t'trIfitrJ(^)F&r"ffi+4fiJ, flf&rfril€ E * H! iFEf /'(* 2).'iiE 4w c o *:ttR*at f rt(25). (30),ff if , tE& 2.
t. 2 + *.ffi'ft Art(33)pI 1$, iffi €Att(3 1 )H! tr t& illl ifi ,E.iREh 6 n : + 3.48o/o ; ffiEArt(32)H0&nl&ntli,t,H.iFEh 6Q: t3.03%. &4'zKF l:0.1m F{' 6o= !roh, rt(31). (32)F!il|lffi+i+#4|.friJ/y t3.8eoh. + 3.4eyo. 5q411frffiHgxf ttfit 3 Ffr6.
Ht I EI-!1, rt(:r)60iF#fr/t, #+iF-ExErtf*E(ftlifi t s%); ffirt(32), fiit,tzj'trEtfn H{ft zK{n, frA Rif H0tffi H, iRE h 0- + 2.8oh, iffi ,gEfiFi4t|}nF*( ! s%) .
(=) illltt|lFE ifl|| Jfi ilEH Effi FJ tffi ffi i[||€Z F,tyn€ -5 Fzj'ffi E F! bL € (4'6) . El
ffi W N Ffr h + RilU+rt &M frPRW.EzJ< #t H! ffi fi ifr g0 lE H t 0. I m ( I/o( I . 5m, A'ft ffiE^EI&H,ilE^fr(I3). (30), 4fr(14). (30). (15), *a.eqffJEiq!|tffiH. H€7J(DFiH'
O C. H^k :7L
V ̂ in C o^,nHi^,,Ho-"*: l .5m E$, Cd*u*:2.48; Hs^in:0.Im Ff, Co-in :2.09.I{ f : (2.48x 15\ / (2.09x
-20-
(3 l)(32)
#.2 u!|miF#,ffiif. 4 H ffirf iF#("zo) iF E iI,{
d* t 0 . l ffifros), 4r*Tit{tE*
dh t 0 .5 +fiJrKnn 20cm, &*.ffiffiJU 0.lcm
6e + 0 . 1 r&EE&f i lJE&t* iR#
d"d 4(25) r 3 .33
r--#fr(23). (24), 6,/ :J i t ; , + d;, + (0.56r)-
5 r , :2 .81o/o t 6 r ,
: l .76oh
6"d fr(30) 1 2 . 8 6ffirt(3o), 0", :fa' * 4
t x 0.544%( #. l')' 6 :2.81%
o.tz)x266.
fi ffi FI-tr, +Rffi+rJ&MfrWW&zFffiHt$QlffiilFtrfE E/t,nJF+. R#A'R€)fnfiFzjc(fiF?6)Hqut| ifi 48.'
. , :
ft+trIxffi,EtrM( ffi
. t6r,[dfi Htifi &FtE'r]rtffi r,tiF#(%), -FtE.
( = ) rlfi F ;619 F FR ilfi F lE & ry *,8 X h T W tK {]r.llt W FJ nlq Lffi *fn r.J E^ffi Efr trzJc{iffiLL€ (4'6) .
S : h , / h , (35)
rtF: s {6rFf&H, &:. h hfiJhfnf*TH!f trKWfffBfzK#(mXtilrftIf#tEIftF)re
ifreHzr(K 8), S:0.85--o.el, {-#JEh 0.s8. ir-ffEfit, *qE+,RruvJ&Mfiffi&EtzKffit6.#fr Ht H fi S ?frffi H, z.E€r5lffi it$ ifi .
t . 00 . 9u. t t0 . 7
:c ( ) . 5
l0 20 t ro 40 50 f i ( ) zo ao . ,10 toor, (m-,)
Et 8 ffir?tr&tr*il||,F.
(tr )G ?F ffi tt ffiW &frrVrffi tr m 6€, & te (fE IFJ il7K ff E ffi fl Bf , NrKJJ+'6X.
_2t ._
* r uU€ra€AfrGr). (3niF.EhffitWzJ<# h(cm) l 0 l s 20 25 30 35
K 6 .t
ffir
e : 0 . 3
*ruUh€ Q(L / sl
fr(3I)itf Q(L/ sl' frGz)ifq e(L / s)
2.1
2. l(0)
2. l(0)
4.9
1 .2( - 14 .3) '
4.8(-2)
8 .5
8.6( 1.2)
8.6( l .2)
13 .5
13.6(0.7)
l3.4(-0.7)
19:5
l e.6(0.s)
19.4(-0.5)
K 6 .
H B
e : 0 . 5
qilltE* Q& / s)
fr(3t)i l-H 0(l/ s)
t(32)itH O(l,z s)
3.5
3.4(-2.8)
3.4(-2.8)
7.6
7.8(2.6)
7 .7lt.3',,
13.6
14. r (3.6)
13.8( l .s)
21.5
22.3(3 .7)
2t.7(0.9)
3 1 . 3
32.5(3.8)
3l .4(0.3)
El 6.
H C
e = 0.65
qi l {m& Q&/ s\
4(31)iJ-S 0(l,z s)
*,(3211+H, eQ / s)
5.3
5.4( r .9)
5.40.9)
t 2 . l
12.2(0.8)
1 )
22.9G.t)
34.5
36.5(5.8)
34.9(1.2)
50
53.4(6.8)
sl(2)
69.5
73.8(6.2)
'70.2Q)
8 6 .
H D
e:0.65
*Wff& Q& / sl
4(3r) i f$ QL/s)
fr(32)itfi QL/ s)
7.9
80.3)
8( 1.3)
t 8
18.5(2.8)
l 8 .2(1. I )
t !
33.sQ.7)
32.5( l .6)
5 l
s3.2G.3)
5 l ( 0 )
74
77.6(4.9)
14(0)
. 100
106.9(6.9)
r0r .5(1.5)
r ' = 0 . 7' =0 . i i5r = ( ) , f i
T=frM, f f iM. f f iMfr\rJM, . fr .AT+EM)(t). Elf t , f rFi6EPlrtrnff i f f iW.ff iit('f*iEB fifi$AB!&t e )F'f, HifGrK&zJr. XfT U 4FrE, R( 0.4m Ff, EzlcHHL^h:h-ho10.lm; R:0.4{.7m fl{, Alr< 0.l5m,t
'R:0.7-1.0m B'f, Aft( 0.2m.
fi. iqifSDH
(-) iEH& ffiblfitrftt+ &H#.W, xfT/flfrE+ n= 0.015 ffJIAW.L+tftntR, trWSs:l / 200-l / 600flt, Etr e :0.7-{.65i So: | / 600_1,/ 1000 Bf, r& e:0. 65-
" t
0.5; ss:l / l0b0-l / 1500F'f, fr e:0.5--0.4i so: | / t5o0-t / 3oo}Ef, iE e:0.4-o.2. n }H t d zJ' E{, e EI i6 E d zJ' 4 }H t. €t z& #f T WH f*.tKf,WW-+ rKM*WE{, I& e) 0.5.
(=) R=fi.+9.Et# tfr e h.?1fr'RffiffimfR lo Hf , fifr(4)ffift P. jS, H siffiq&KEfBlE, HT=titH:
L r : L r : 3 ( B - b ) , (37)
HF: B rr?1fr,'Rnfr(m); b hnFnfr(m); L,, Lzhfri-hfr.#,triffA&KH(m). lrRFITt t f A&Xf tJi T( I-2)T1 EEH 4[. €ZJ<f f # H*H f H MfJ. MI#iWE. 0ft tr ffi ft{ F d[ trI H fi (t )f/ f[ ftll [fi.. vRtr E * r't ffi itr H +,b *, 5 11 )t tr tr,1' 4 --*, ffi tr,RffiSzJcR4tF!trJRtE+. ffi4&rlHHf(Ajfr, effffrtr.
ffi€TH!ftlJEffiFATi{H, IfFEA, HXH fu+iIH,+JLtrH(E&HEF). +IRfrbW &M ntn WEtKffi B! r ffi € #ffiM nftR& €t zJ< ffi rfi D ?tt to"t" .
A,# i t
I . 4 I ff x't ffi 4 4 9F iE ++,F. F $ 7 tr 4 +/R iL+h &M frrtr & E zK ffi . ift E A fr 1rrt(13). (14). (15). (30). ixtr€zK#iffiil{}ilr€HsH, iRE4.T 3.soh; il6Ftr&H69J s: 0.8s---0.e1; HtmFErg&, {ftzK{i}llrfitffiHH, €lzKfrEHa[ )t z6e, 47KHE.ffzJr.
2. fr T V,E;Kffi ib *,R lfr lf tt, frJ+ InA' e.R(iH)?+ t2 lE rU. E ffJ Wffi *,trI ffi #FErft p+A S Jt 6! it F iE E (e : 0.2--4.T. tr lt, B ffi € /K ffi ffiaa.W W;a M.tEW.Rtr Wm, 6*.P4.6efriftfit$!€zK. H#+6ffi+, ffi*M*T, ffiaftlq, rffiEfrj6f}SzJ'.
3. +' IRffiryn *M frvR&Etzl<ffi 6E:E li.E-ffi ffi*Mffi tK'RffiF! rnEul t.
*+*f f i
(1) mE€7ffiJ7f Rtrffi, u M'Rtr. ,Kff1fr,J1frffiit, le86 +.(D JrlE?AHFffi, tn€iliE+ffi. ry&+l+, Jt,riitE*ffi4t, te82+(3) Herschy, R. W., Streamflow Measurement. Elsevier Applied SciencePublishers,
London UK 1985.
G) Ackers, P. et al., Weirs and Flumes for Flow Measurement. John Wiley & Sons Ltd,
- 22 -
1978.
(5) Wfio|ffi+ffi, EtrE/<IfF?nft. zj<frJtshfrW+t, le83+.(6) International Standards Orqanization, Liquid Flow Measurement in Open Channel* ISO'
' Switzerland, pp. 1973-1984.
C7) Hager. W. H., Venturi flume of minimum space
ASCE, Vol. ll4, No. 2, pp. 569-5E3, 1972.
(81 FEdtffi+H7Kt+Ffr, u.4FU{S[FqH&ffi€. re87 +.. : : ' l
' j
E
Experimental study on flat parobolic throatless
flume for flow measurement
WangZhi Zhu Fengshu Liu Xiaoming
(N or t hwestern Agr ic. U nivers ity)
rdquirements. ,I. Irri. Drain. Div.,
,.,.1Abstract
ir(
/f 1 A new flat parabolic throatless flumi'd6w measurement is developed. The ex-'perimental results show that this flume has the advantages as: low head tosdJ
'trigtl
accuracy, well streamlined, low costand high critical submerged ratio. The
formEla for calculating the discharge is deduced and the law of the variation of
discharge coefficient ir E-* studied both in physical model and mathematical
model. The design procedures are also presennted.
Key words level - bottom parabolic, cut-throat flume, the U-t1ped
channal, the area constriction ratio, the coefficient of discharge, rangi of
discharge measurement. .',
l i ' r r :
-23-
