4 Biography Libre

Frei Otto Biography

Frei Otto is a German architect and structural engineer whose work continues to inspire generations, particularly leading British architects whereas Richard Rogers, Grimshaw, Cullinan, Hopkins, Jiricna and Norman Foster all owe him a huge debt. Today, at the age of 81, he is still practicing architecture. He has made his mark with a number of impressive ultra-modern and super-light tent-like and membrane structures and has pioneered advances in structural mathematics and civil engineer, where no other architect at his time has reached his greatness. “I never wanted to be a hero,” says Frei Otto. He has went in a unique way using innovative materials in his work to become a pioneer in his field. Otto's major works were concerned with space frames and structural efficiency of inflatable buildings. His works go far beyond traditional

methods of calculating structural stresses.

Biography

Frei Otto was born in Siegmar, Germany in year 1925. In 1943, he passed his Abitur at the Schadow school in Berlin-Zehlendorf. Between the years of 1943 and 1945, he joined the military service duty and remained a prisoner of war where he was kept in the French war captivity near Chartres, France until 1947.

In 1948, after the war, Otto began working towards architecture as he started the study of architecture in the Technical University of Berlin, Germany completing his postgraduate degree. After that he pursued a study of sociology and urban development at the University of Virginia in the United States of america visiting some of the leading-edge US studios of Erich Mandelsohn, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (both German emigres) Eero Saarinen, Richard Neutra, Charles and Ray Eames and Frank Lloyd Wright. And in 1952 he finally became a Graduate as Engineer of Architecture while simultaneously setting up in a private practice in Berlin.

Later on in 1955, he did his doctoral thesis for his Ph.D on “The Suspended Roof”. It was a dissertation on tensile roof structures. In the same year he designed and built a beautiful music pavilion, or bandstand, in the guise of a butterfly-like tent for the Bundesgartenschau (federal garden exhibition) in Kassel, working with a leading tent-maker as he worked as a freelance architect, inventor, author and designer from 1952-1972. He was

the initiator of the development centre lightweight structures in Berlin. His Snow and Rocks pavilion at the Swiss national exhibition in Lausanne in 1964 stretching the concept of the butterfly further, while in 1967 his West German pavilion at the Montreal Expo in Canada along with Rolf Gutbrod and was given extensive coverage in the world media.

Between 1964 and 1990 he was the founder and director of the Institute for Lightweight Structure (IL) at the University of Stuttgart in Germany. In 1968 he was honorary member of the American Institute of Architects. From 1968 to 1972 he designed the Intercontinental Hotel and Conference Centre in Mecca, Saudi Arabia together with Rolf Gutbrod. And in 1969 he was the founder of the Special Research Unit “ Wide-spanned Lightweight Structures” of the German research foundation.

Frei Otto also designed; The Museum of Modern Art located in New York 1971, the Munich Olympic Stadium together with office Behnisch and Partner, Multihalle Mannheim in Germany 1972, together with Mutschler Langner and Partner 1975. He became an Honorary member of the Royal institute of British Architects 1981.

After that did an Exhibition “Natural Design” in the Museum for Architecture in Moscow in 1981 and built the Ecological houses in Berlin 1990. He has also won the Honda prize for “Architecture and Nature” of the Honda Foundation in Tokyo. And in 1992 he did an exhibition along with Bodo Rasch on “Shape Finding” in the Villa Stuck (located in Munich, Germany) and won the Prize of the “Deutscher Werkbund Bayern” and the Wolf Prize in Architecture, Israel.

One of his most iconic awards he received was the Aga Khan Award for Architecture 1998. The Aga khan is an architectural prize that aims to identify and reward architectural concepts that successfully address the needs and aspirations of Islamic societies in the fields of contemporary design, social housing, community development and improvement, restoration, reuse and area conservation, as well as landscape design and improvements of the environment.

He has built the train station project in Stuttgart, Germany along with Ingenhoven and Partner. He has won; the Special prize of the VII International Biennale for Architecture in Buenos Aires, Brazil for his lifework and the Royal Gold Medal Of The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA, one of the most prestigious architectural awards), the Praemium Imperiale award of Architecture and got the Order of Merit from the Federal Republic of Germany.

Other exceptional Otto tents include the gymnasium at the King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah (1975-80, with Rolf Gutbrod and Ted Happold), while more recently he has designed the Japanese pavilion at the 2000 Hanover Expo with Japanese architect Shigeru Ban, and the branch-like footbridges at the Landschaftspark Mechtenberg, Gelsenkirchen, completed last year in association with Hilbers Ingenieurgesellschaft and Happold Ingenieurbro.

In his collaboration with architects and engineers worldwide, Otto has pushed their designs to the kind of lightweight and elegant limits found more in nature than in the world of steel and other heavy-duty man-made materials. He set up his own Institute for Lightweight Structures at the University of Stuttgart in 1964, making early use of computer modelling to create sensational, yet never hyperbolic, membrane structures.

From the early 1970s he began fusing forms found in nature with modern building techniques and computer logistics. His book Biology and Building (1972) examined ways in which thelightweight sandwich construction of bird skulls could be applied to architecture; a further volume published the following year dealt with the strength and beauty of spiders' webs. If only, thought Otto, we could stretch man-made structures to such limits with such economical use of material.

Further research documents examined the structure and building properties of bamboo and soap bubbles. Otto observed that given a set of fixed points, soap film will spread naturally between them to offer the smallest achievable surface area. Any child blowing bubbles can, more or less, see how this works. In 1974 the Germanborn civil engineer Horst Berger, working in the US, came up with the maths that allowed this process to be translated into building structure.

Berger went on to engineer the magnificent tensile structure of the Haj Terminal in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, completed in 1981. Its 210 cone-shaped, fabric-covered canopies enclose 105 acres, shading up to 100,000 pilgrims at a time from the desert sun. Berger's subsequent engineering design for the Great Hall at Denver International Airport (1994), in an area of heavy snow, high winds and driving hailstorms, helped to convince the public as well as the architectural profession that they were more than Expo wonders. So much so, in fact, that today the most old-fashioned English cricket buff can be found drinking, lobster-faced and quite content, under the tensile-roof structure of Michael Hopkins's Mound Stand at Lord's cricket ground in

Marylebone.

Otto's structural revolution had spread a long way from a 1950s flower show in West Germany, even though the roof at Denver did succumb - temporarily and only in part - to the ravages of savage weather in 2003.

The German engineer's quest to discover the lightest, strongest, most responsive and elegant structural solutions for buildings has drawn his imagination across history and through nature: in 1994 his publication Ancient Architects searched for the most inventive use of materials by the very earliest architects, while in 1995 his Pneu and Bone considered the structural properties of crustaceans. By thistime he was particularly interested in pneumatic structures such as those that can be seen in the domes of the Eden Centre in Cornwall and the National Space Museum, Leicester, two adventurous buildings designed by Nicholas Grimshaw. That same year he published his brilliant and much-reprinted Finding Forms: Towards an Architecture of the Minimal.

The extraordinary depth and breadth of Otto's research have made him one of the greatest architect-engineers of all time. Desperate toliberate architecture from its bulk, he has studied tents, tepees, yurts, sailing boats, balloons, kites, birds, plants, crabs, bubbles and aircraft. With his angular figure and sweep of white hair, he has become the very image of the white-coated, lab-based German engineer. This spirit of research has long driven German design and construction technology at its leanest, most efficient and most beautiful - and most perverse.

Otto, though, is not architecture's Dr Strangelove. He is a humanist through and through. His work has in many ways been a reaction to what a number of brilliant Germans thought of as the perversion of science, art and architecture under Adolf Hitler. Among them was Gunther Behnisch, a successful U-boat commander who went on to work with Otto on the Montreal Expo designs, before shaping a slew of West German buildings that were the antithesis of the chastely rigid work of the Fhrer's pet architects.

Riba's president, George Ferguson, said of Otto last week: "He has a genuine claim to be one of the real greats of the 20th century." Indeed he has.

BiografieBiography

1925

geboren in Siegmar/Sachsen

born in Siegmar /

Saxony,

Germany

1943-47

Wehrdienst und französische Gefangenschaft

Military duty and

French war

captivity

1948

Architekturstudium TU Berlin

Study of

Architecture at

the Technical

University of

Berlin, Germany

1950-51

Studium Soziologie und Städtebau an der University of Virginia, USA. Begegnung mit Wright, Saarinen, Mies van der Rohe, Neutra

Study of

sociology and

urban

development at

the University of

Virginia, USA.

Study visits to

Wright,

Saarinen, Mies

van der Rohe,

Neutra

1952

Examen als Diplomingenieur

Graduate as

Engineer of

Architecture

1955

Promotion und Dissertation "Das hängende Dach" zum Dr.-Ing.

Ph.D. on "The

suspended roof”

1952-1972

Freier Architekt, Erfinder, Fachschriftsteller und Konstrukteur

Freelance

architect,

inventor, author

and designer

1957

Initiator der "Entwicklungsstelle fr Leichtbau" Berlin

Initiator of the

„Development

Centre

Lightweight

Structures“

Berlin, Germany

1964-1990

Grnder und Leiter des "Instituts fr leichte Flächentragwerke (IL)" an der Universität Stuttgart

Founder and

Director of the

“Institute for

Lightweight

Structures (IL)”

at the University

of Stuttgart,

Germany

1967

Deutscher Pavillon bei der Weltausstellung in Montreal, Kanada, mit Rolf Gutbrod

German

Pavilion, Expo

'67 at Montreal,

Canada, together

with Rolf

Gutbrod

1968

Ehrenmitglied American Institute of Architects

Honorary

member of the

American

Institute of

Architects

1968-1972

Hotel- und Konferenzzentrum in Mekka, Saudi-Arabien, mit Rolf Gutbrod

Intercontinental

Hotel and

Conference

Centre, Mecca,

Saudi Arabia,

together with

Rolf Gutbrod

1969

Grnder des Sonderforschungsbereichs "Weitgespannte Flächentragwerke" der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft

Founder of the

Special Research

Unit “Wide-

spanned

Lightweight

Structures” of

the German

research

foundation

1971

Ausstellung im “Museum of Modern Art”, New York

Exhibition at the

“Museum of

Modern Art”,

New York

1972

Olympiadächer in Mnchen mit Bro Behnisch und Partner

Munich Olympic

Stadium together

with office

Behnisch and

Partner

1975

Multihalle in Mannheim mit Mutschler, Langner und Partner

Multihalle

Mannheim,

Germany,

together with

Mutschler.

Langner and

Partner

1981

Ehrenmitglied “Royal Institute of British Architects“

Honorary

member of the

“Royal Institute

of British

Architects”

1981

Ausstellung "Natrliche Konstruktionen" im Museum fr Architektur A.W.Schussew,

Exhibition

"Natural

Design" in the

Museum for

Architecture

A.W.Schussew,

Moskau Moscow, UDSSR

1990

Ökohäuser in Berlin

Ecological

houses in Berlin,

Germany

1990

Honda-Preis fr Ökotechnologie der Honda-Foundation, Tokio

Honda prize for

“Architecture

and Nature”,

Honda

Foundation,

Tokyo, Japan

1992

Ausstellung "Gestalt finden" mit Bodo Rasch in der Villa Stuck, Mnchen Preis des Deutschen Werkbundes Bayern

Exhibition

“Shape finding”

with Bodo Rasch

in the Villa

Stuck, Munich,

Germany Prize of

the “Deutscher

Werkbund

Bayern“

1997

Architekturpreis der Wolf-Foundation Israel

Wolf Prize in

Architecture,

Israel

1998

“Aga Khan“ Preis fr Architektur

Aga Khan Award

for Architecture

2000

Projekt Stuttgarter Bahnhof mit Bro Ingenhoven und Partner

Project train

station Stuttgart,

Germany,

together with

Ingenhoven and

Partner

2000

Sonderpreis der VII Internationalen Biennale fr Architektur in Buenos Aires fr sein Lebenswerk

Special prize of

the VII

International

Biennale for

Architecture in

Buenos Aires,

Brazil, for his

lifework

2005

Royal Gold Medal des Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA)

Royal Gold

Medal of the

Royal Institute of

British Architects

(RIBA)

2006

Bundesverdienstkreuz 1. Klasse

Order of Merit of

the Federal

Republic of

Germany

2006 Praemium Imperiale in der Sparte Architektur

Praemium

Imperiale award

architecture

Frei Otto as author resp. editor

1954 Das hängende Dach,

Bauwelt-Verlag (siehe Reprint 1990)

1962 Zugbeanspruchte Konstruktionen, Verlag Ullstein, Band 1

Tensile structures, Vol. 1:

Pneumatic structures, The

MIT Press, Cambridge,

Massachusetts, 1973,

ISBN 0-262-15013-1

1966 Zugbeanspruchte Konstruktionen, Verlag Ullstein, Band 2

Tensile structures, Vol. 2:

Cables, nets and

membranes, The MIT

Press, Cambridge,

Massachusetts, 1973

1982 Natrliche Konstruktionen, DVA, Stuttgart, ISBN 3-421-02591-6

1983 Leichtbau in Architektur

und Natur,Katalog der Ausstellung „Natrliche Konstruktionen“ in Moskau, Institut fr leichte Flächentragwerke, Stuttgart

1984 Schriften und Reden 1951-83, Hrsg. Berthold Burkhardt, Vieweg-Verlag, Braunschweig, ISBN 3-528-08687-4

1988 Gestaltwerdung, Verlag Rudolf Mller, Köln, Arcus 4, ISBN 3-481-19841-8

1990 Das hängende Dach, Reprint mit Beiträgen von Rainer Graefe und Christian SchädlichDVA, Stuttgart, ISBN 3-421-02987-3

1995 Gestalt finden. Auf dem Weg zu einer Baukunst des Minimalen. Frei Otto, Bodo Rasch, Edition Axel Menges. ISBN: 3-930698-65-X

Finding Form. Towards an

Architecture of the

Minimal. Frei Otto, Bodo

Rasch. 3rd ed. 2001.

ISBN: 3-930698-66-8

1996 Architektur Natur, Warmbronner Schriften 7,Christian-Wagner-Gesellschaft Warmbronn

2007 Das Netz, Verlag Keicher

2008 Christine Otto-Kanstinger: 128 Modellefr den neuen Stuttgarter Hauptbahnhof 1997 bis 2008 entstanden im Atelier Frei Otto Warmbronn 128 Farbbilder, 42 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-9812662-0-7Bestellung für 20 Euro + Versand bei:

Institut für Entwerfen und Konstruieren,

Universität Suttgart

http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/iek/homepage/Konktakt/Start.html




Publications of the “Institute for Lightweight Structures (IL)” at

the University of Stuttgart, Germany

IL 1 1969

MinimalnetzeSeifenhautversuche, um beliebig viele Punkte in der Ebene oder im Raum mit einem Wegesystem minimaler Länge zu verbinden.56 Seiten, 186 Abbildungen, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Minimal Nets

Soap film tests to connect

any number of points in

plane or in space in a path

connect system with

minimum lengths.

56 pages, 186 figures, out

of stock, available as

bound photocopies

IL 2 1971

Stadt in der ArktisModellstudie fr eine Stadt mit knstlichem Klima unter einer glasklaren Hlle56 Seiten, 74 Abbildungen

City in the Arctic

Study for a city under a

transparent envelope with

artificial climate

56 pages, 74 figures

IL 3 1971

Biologie und Bauen 1Kolloquiumsbericht. Das Individuum und sein Milieu. Über die kritische Situation in der wachsenden Sozietät. Tierbauten, Städtebau und biologische Erkenntnis70 Seiten, 35 Abbildungen, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Biology and Building 1

Colloquium proceedings.

The individual and its

environment. The critical

situation in a growing

society. Animal buildings,

urban planning, biological

knowledge.

70 pages, 35 figures, out of

stock, available as bound

photocopies

IL 4 1972

Biologie und Bauen 2Praktische Anwendung der Analogieforschung. Vom Hydroskelett zum

Skelettmuskelsystem, Sandwichstrukturen bei Vogelschädeln. Zum Leichtbauprinzip der Organismen, Extremitätenstatik79 Seiten, 89 Abbildungen, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Biology and Building

Practical application of

analogous research. From

hydrostatic skeleton to

skeletal muscle system.

Sandwich structures within

bird skulls. The principles

of lightweight structures in

organisms. Static of

extremities



photocopies

IL 5 1972

Wandelbare DächerHistorische Zusammenhänge. Dokumentation wandelbarer Konstruktionen, Konstruktionsanalyse mit Grundlagen der Geometrie, der Form und

der Bewegungen. Weiterentwicklung wandelbarer Dächer als Massiv- oder Membrankonstruktionen400 Seiten, 2300 Abbildungen, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Convertible Roofs

A historical development.

Documentation of

convertible structures,

construction analysis with

basic of form, geometry

and movements. further

development of convertible

roots.

400 pages, 2300 figures,

out of stock, available as

bound photocopies

IL 6 1973

Biologie und Bauen 3Spinnennetze, Konstruktion der Knochen. Biophysikalisches Generalmodell. 3-dimensionale Anaglyphenbilder. Photogrammetrische Vermessung dnner

Seifenhäute. ISBN 3-7828-2006-186 Seiten, 101 Abbildungen

Biology and Building 3

Spider nets. Construction

of bones. A biophysical

general model. 3-

dimensional anaglyph

pictures. Photogrammetric

measurement of soap

films. ISBN 3-7828-2006-1


IL 7 1972

Schatten in der WsteProjektstudie: Schattendächer fr heiße Gebiete. Fragen der Klimakontrolle, konstruktive Probleme, Materialaufwand und Kosten88 Seiten, 89 Abbildungen, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Shadow in the Desert

Project study: shade net

roofs for hot regions.

Problems of climate

control, structural

problems, material

expenditure and costs



photocopies

IL 8 1975

Netze in Natur und TechnikÜbersicht und Ordnung der technischen Seilkonstruktionen. Fasern und Seile. Maschenstrukturen der Netze. Seilverbindungen. Bauen mit Netzen. Insekten- und Spinnennetze. ISBN 3-7828-2008-8430 Seiten, 1896 Abbildungen, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Nets in Nature and

Technics

Overview and ordering of

technical net structures.

Fibres and cables. Mesh

constructions of nets.

Cable connections.

Building with nets. Nets

from spiders and insects.

ISBN 3-7828-2008-8



bound photocopies

IL 9 1977

Pneus in Natur und TechnikInterdisziplinäre Forschungsarbeit von Biologen und dem IL. Darstellung der Formbildungsgesetze des Konstruktionssystems Pneu mit Beispielen aus Natur und Technik. Das Konstruktionssystem Pneu ist die wesentliche Grundlage der Formwelt der lebenden Natur336 Seiten, 1400 Abbildungen, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Pneus in Nature and

Technics

Report on the

interdisciplinary work of

biologists and the IL.

Establishment of the laws

which govern form

development of the

structural system pneu,

with examples from nature

and technics. The

structural system pneu is

the essential basis for the

world of forms of living

nature.



bound photocopies

IL 10 1974

GitterschalenGrundlagen und Methoden zur Formfindung von Gitterschalen. Vom Hängemodell zur Tragkonstruktion. Architektonische Möglichkeiten und Ansätze. ISBN 3-7828-2010-X346 Seiten, 1500 Abbildungen, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Grid Shells

Fundamentals and

methods of form finding

for grid shells. From

hanging models to load

bearing structures.

Architectural possibilities

and applications. ISBN 3-

7828-2010-X



bound photocopies

IL 11 1978

Leichtbau und EnergietechnikProjekte und Entwicklungen fr Khltrme, Wasserbauten, Speicher, Klärbehälter, Energiegewinnung mit Sonne, Wind und Wasser, Klima im Innenraum. ISBN 3-7828-2011-8256 Seiten, 1150 Abbildungen, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Lightweight and Energy

Technics

Projects and development

for cooling towers,

hydraulic engineering

structures, storage

facilities, membranes in

sewage treatment. Energy

systems with sun, wind,

and water. Interior climate

control. ISBN 3-7828-

2011-8



bound photocopies

IL 12 1975

Wandelbare PneusAnregungen und Beispiele von wandelbaren Pneus. Pneukatalog. Studien zur Formbildung von Pneus und Diatomeenschalen. Leichtbauarchitektur in der Praxis: Der europäische Zeltbau heute. ISBN 3-7828-2012-6186 Seiten, 1478 Abbildungen, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Convertible Pneus

Ideas and examples of

movable pneumatic

systems. Catalogue of

pneus. Form studies of

pneumatic structures and

diatom shells. Lightweight

architecture in practice:

Tent structures in

contemporary Europe.

ISBN 3-7828-2012-6



bound photocopies

IL 13 1978

Multihalle MannheimDie 7400 qm große Gitterschale der Bundesgartenschau Mannheim. Von den Wettbewerbsskizzen bis zur Fertigstellung, ISBN 3-7828-2013-4280 Seiten, 353 Abbildungen, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Multihall Mannheim

The 7400 sq. m. grid shell

of the Federal Garden

Exhibition Mannheim

from the competition

design to the complete

building, ISBN 3-7828-

2013-4



bound photocopies

IL 14 1975

Anpassungsfähig BauenKolloquiumsbericht. Aspekte der Geschickte, Politik, Biologie, Medizin, Architektur und des Städtebaus. ISBN 3-1828-2014-2335 Seiten, 650

Abbildungen Adaptable Architecture

Colloquium proceedings.

Aspect of history, politics,

biology, medicine,

architecture and city

planning. ISBN 3-1828-

2014-2


IL 15 1983

LufthallenhandbuchEntwurf und Konstruktion, Zuschnitt, Berechnung, Herstellung und Konfektion von Lufthallen. Materialien und Vorschriften438 Seiten, 600 Abbildungen

Air Hall Handbook

Architectural und

structural design, cutting

pattern, calculation, and

manufacturing of air halls.

Material and codes


IL 16 1976

ZelteEin Blick in die Zeltbaupraxis – Zeltkonstruktionen kleiner und größter

Spannweiten. eine Wrdigung des Werkes von Peter Stromeyer. ISBN 3-7828-2016-9160 Seiten, 160 Abbildungen, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Tents

A view of the tent building

practice – construction of

small and largest span

tents. An appreciation of

the work of Peter

Stromeyer. ISBN 3-7828-

2016-9



bound photocopies

IL 17 1978

The Work of Frei Otto and his TeamsAusstellungskatalog des Museums of Modern Art New York, in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Institut fr Auslandsbeziehungen Stuttgart. ISBN 3-7828-2017-756 Seiten, 150 Abbildungen

The Work of Frei Otto and

his Teams

Exhibition catalogue of the

Museum of modern Art

New York, in collaboration

with the Institut für

Auslandsbeziehungen

Stuttgart. ISBN 3-7828-

2017-7


IL 18 1988

SeifenblasenExperimente mit Flssigkeitslamellen in Wissenschaft, Architektur und Technik. Minimalwege, Minimalflächen, Formfindungsmodelle fr Zelte, Netze, Lufthallen. ISBN 3-7828-2018-5400 Seiten, 750 Abbildungen

Forming Bubbles

Experiments with liquid

films in science,

architecture and technics.

Minimal ways, minimal

surfaces, formfinding

models for tents, nets, air

halls. ISBN 3-7828-2018-5


IL 19 1979

Wachsende und sich teilende PneusPneumatische Konstruktionen in Natur und Technik. Entstehungsprozesse, Methoden der Formveränderung. ISBN 3-7828-2019-3166 Seiten, 590 Abbildungen

Growing and Dividing

Pneus

Pneumatic structures in

nature and technics.

Processes of generation,

methods of form

metamorphosis. ISBN 3-

7828-2019-3


IL 20 1979

AufgabenProbleme und Fragen in Forschung und Praxis in Weiterentwicklung und Anwendung des Leichtbaus. ISBN 3-7828-2020-7350 Seiten, 300 Abbildungen, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie

erhältlich Tasks

Problems and questions in

research and practice of

further development and

application of lightweight

structures. ISBN 3-7828-

2020-7



bound photocopies

IL 21 1979

Form Kraft Masse 1 – GrundlagenKomplexe Zusammenhänge zwischen Form, Masse und Effektivität von Konstruktionen aus Natur und Technik mit einem Beitrag zum Thema Ästhetik. ISBN 3-7828-2021-5190 Seiten, 600 Abbildungen, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Form Force Mass 1 –

Basics

Relationship of form, mass

and efficiency of structures

in nature and technics,

with an annex on the

subject aesthetics. ISBN 3-

7828-2021-5



bound photocopies

IL 22 1988

Form Kraft Masse 2 – FormVorschlag zur Entwicklung einer Methode zur Ordnung und Beschreibung von Formen. Bilder von Formen. ISBN 3-7828-2022-396 Seiten, 420 Abbildungen


Form

Proposal for a development

of a method for order and

description of forms.

Photos of forms. ISBN 3-

7828-2022-3


IL 23 1992

Form Kraft Masse 3 – KonstruktionEinteilung und Ordnung von Konstruktionen nach ihren technischen und

konstruktiven Merkmalen. ISBN 3-7828-2023-1190 Seiten, 1148 Abbildungen


Structure

Classification and order of

structures related on their

technical constructive

characteristics. ISBN 3-

7828-2023-1


IL 24 1996

Form Kraft Masse 4 - Prinzip LeichtbauAufwand und Optimierung von Bauelementen und Konstruktionen. Die Bic-Lambda-Methode. Energiesysteme. ISBN 3-7828-2024-X294 Seiten, 648 Abbildungen

Form Force Mass 4 -

Lightweight Principle

Expense and optimisation

of structural elements and

structures. The Bis-

Lambda-Method. ISBN 3-

7828-2024-X


IL 25 1990

Form Kraft Masse 5 – ExperimenteExperimente zur Abhängigkeit von Form, Kraft und Masse. Selbstbildende Prozesse in Biologie und Bauen. Formfindung und Modellmethoden (Dissertation v. Siegfried Gaß). ISBN 3-7828-2025-8288 Seiten, 1023 Abbildungen


Experiments

Experiments on

dependence of form, force

and mass. Processes of self

generation in biology and

building. Formfinding and

methods of modelling.

(Thesis of Siegfried Gaß).

ISBN 3-7828-2025-8


IL 26 1979

Natur und BauenInternationaler Jugendwettbewerb in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Institut fr

Auslandsbeziehungen Stuttgart. Bilder von 810 Kindern, eingesandt aus 24 Ländern. Erläuterungen aus Sicht von Architekten, Ökologen und Knstlern. ISBN 3-7828-2026-6270 Seiten, 1770 Abbildungen

Nature and Architecture

International Youth

Competition in

collaboration with the

Institut für

Auslandsbeziehungen

Stuttgart. Pictures of 810

children from 24 countries.

Comments from the view

of architects, ecologists

and artists. ISBN 3-7828-

2026-6


IL 27 1981

Natrlich BauenBeiträge zum gleichnamigen Symposium im Herbst 1979 am IL. Themen: Natur und Gesellschaft, Selbstbau, natrliche Konstruktionen,

organisches und ökologisches Bauen. ISBN 3-7828-2027-4310 Seiten, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Natural Building

Contributions of the same

named symposium in

autumn 1979 at the IL.

Topics: nature and society,

self-help building, natural

structures, organic and

ecological building. ISBN

3-7828-2027-4

310 pages, out of stock,

available as bound

photocopies

IL 28 1985

Diatomeen 1Schalen in Natur und Technik. Morphogenetische Analyse und Merkmalssynthese in Diatomeen-Schalen von J.-G. Helmcke. Theoretische und experimentelle Grundlagen. Prozesse der Formentstehung. Schalenmorphogenese.

ISBN 3-7828-2028-2328 Seiten, 850 Abbildungen

Diatoms 1

Shells in nature and

technics. Morphogenetic

analysis and character

synthesis of diatom valves

by J.-G. Helmcke.

Theoretical and

experimental basics.

Processes of form genesis.

c


IL 29 1980

Die Zeltstädte des HadschDie Entstehung des Hadsch, der Pilgerfahrt nach Mekka, sein heutiger Ablauf und seine städtebaulichen Probleme. Betrachtung des Einzelzeltes, der Zeltstadt und ihrer Organisation. ISBN 3-7828-2029-0240 Seiten, ca. 500 Abbildungen

The Tent Cities of the Hajj

The origin of the Hajj, the

pilgrimage to Mekkah, its

procedure of today and its

urban planning problems.

Observation on the

individual tent, the tent city

and its organisation. ISBN

3-7828-2029-0

240 pages, about 500

figures

IL 30 1984

Vela, Toldos, SchattenzelteStudien und Überlegungen zu römischen Theater-Vela. Die Sonnensegel (Toldos) von Sevilla. Schinkels Blechzelte und Nachfolgebauten. ISBN 3-7828-2030-4152 Seiten, 685 Abbildungen, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Sun & Shade

Studies and considerations

on the Roman Theatre

Vela. The awnings (Toldos)

of Sevilla, Schinkel’s sheet

metal tents and following

buildings. ISBN 3-7828-

2030-4



bound photocopies

IL 31 1986

BambusBambus als Baustoff, seine traditionelle Anwendung in Sdostasien (Neuherausgabe der Dissertation von Klaus Dunkelberg). Bauen mit pflanzlichen Stäben, neue Bauformen, Konstruktion und Details. ISBN 3-7828-2031-2432 Seiten, 1500 Abbildungen

Bamboo

Bamboo as building

material, its traditional

application in South-East-

Asia (new edition of the

thesis of Klaus

Dunkelberg). Building

with vegetal rods, new

forms, structures and

details. ISBN 3-7828-2031-

2


IL 32 1983

Leichtbau in Architektur und NaturAusstellung „Natrliche Konstruktionen“ im Museum A.W. Schussew in Moskau 1983.

Forschungen und Projekte der Arbeitsgruppen Biologie und Bauen in BRD und UDSSR. ISBN 3-7828-2032-0108 Seiten, 295 Abbildungen, vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Lightweight in

Architecture and Nature

Exhibition “Natural

Structure” in the Shussev

Museum of Architecture in

Moscow 1983. Research

works and projects of the

groups Biology and

Building in the FRG and

the USSR. ISBN 3-7828-

2032-0



bound photocopies

IL 33 1990

RadiolarienSchalen in Natur und Technik – Die Radiolarien im stereoskopischen Bild von J.-G. Helmcke. Prozesse der Formbildung von K. Bach. ISBN 3-7828-2033-9

320 Seiten, 1200 Abbildungen, mit Stereosichtgerät.

Radiolaria

Shells in Nature and

Technics – Radiolaria in

Sterescopic Micographs by

J.-G. Helmcke. Processes

of Form Generation by K.

Bach. ISBN 3-7828-2033-9


with Stereoscopic Viewer

IL 34 1989

Das ModellAntoni Gaudis Hängemodell und seine Rekonstruktion. Neue Erkenntnisse zum Entwurf fr die Kirche der Colonia Gel (Dissertation von Jos Tomlow). ISBN 3-7828-2034-7272 Seiten, 300 Abbildungen (dt./engl./span.)

The Model

Antoni Gaudi’s hanging

model and its

reconstruction, New light

on the design of the

Church of Colonia Güel

(Thesis of Jos Tomlow).

ISBN 3-7828-2034-7


(dt./engl./span.)

IL 35 1995

Pneu und KnochenDas Konstruktionsprinzip Pneu in der lebenden Natur: weiche Pneus, feste Pneus, Schalentiere, Knochen. ISBN 3-7828-2035-5256 Seiten, 900 Abbildungen

Pneu and Bone

The structural system pneu

in living nature: soft

pneus, solide pneus,

Crustaceans, Bones. ISBN

3-7828-2035-5


IL 36 1984

Subjektive StandorteSubjektive Standorte in Baukunst und Naturwissenschaft. Kolloquiumsbericht zum 20-jährigen Bestehen des IL. ISBN 3-7828-2036-3232 Seiten, 600 Abbildungen

Subjective Standpoints

Subjective standpoints in

architecture and science.

Proceedings to the 20th

anniversary of the IL.

ISBN 3-7828-2036-3


IL 37 1994

Alte BaumeisterFrei Otto : Was könnten die alten Baumeister erfunden haben ? Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Konstruierens. ISBN 3-7828-2037-1148 Seiten, 1260 Abbildungen. vergriffen, als gebundene Kopie erhältlich

Ancient Architects

Frei Otto: What could the

ancient master builders

have invented? A

contribution to the history

of inventing structures.

ISBN 3-7828-2037-1



bound photocopies

IL 39 1992

Ungeplante SiedlungenCharakteristische Merkmale – Wegesysteme,

Flächenteilung, Einflsse von Selbstorganisationsprozessen auf die Entwicklung von Siedlungsstrukturen. Vergleiche mit selbstbildenden Strukturen in der Natur (Dissertation von Eda Schaur). ISBN 3-7828-2039-8256 Seiten, 507 Abbildungen

Non-Planned Settlements

Characteristic Features –

Path Systems, Surface

Subdivisions, effect of

processes of self-

organisation on the

formation of settlement

structures. Comparisons

with self-generating

structures in nature.

(Thesis of Eda Schaur).

ISBN 3-7828-2039-8


IL 41

1995

Intelligent BauenAspekte einer anderen Baukultur. Vor welchen neuen Aufgaben stehen Planer, Architekten und

Ingenieure angesichts der wachsenden globalen Probleme. ISBN 3-7828-2041-X272 Seiten, 367 Abbildungen

Building with Intelligence

Aspects of a Different

Building Culture. Which

new tasks are to be faced

by planners, architects and

engineers in order to meet

the rapidly growing global

problems. ISBN 3-7828-

2041-X


Tents

Four-Point Tent as a Music Pavilion of the

Bundesgartenschau, Kassel, Germany 1955

Four-Point Tent as an Exhibition Pavilion for the

contributions to the competition for the peace memorial

in the city park, Leonberg, Germany 1988 (Jürgen

Bradatsch)

Pavilion ”Tanzbrunnen“ over a dance floor at the

Bundesgartenschau , Cologne, Germany 1957 (in cooperation with

E. Bubner, S. Lohs and D.R. Frank)

Pavilion „Neige et Rocs“, Swiss National Exhibition, Lausanne,

Switzerland 1964 (in cooperation with G. Schierle, P. Stromeyer)

“Heart Tent” of the Diplomatic Club in Riyadh, Saudi

Arabia, called “Tuwaiq Palace”, 1986.

Paintings by Bettina Otto (Oho Joint Venture: F. Otto, T.

Happold, Omrania)

Cable-nets

The cable net of the German Pavilion during installation, Expo

'67, Montreal, Canada

Interior view of a low point with an eye of the German Pavilion,

Expo ’67, Montreal, Canada

The German Pavilion, Expo '67, Montreal, Canada (Rolf Gutbrod, Frei Otto andFritz Leonhardt)

Interior view of the Olympic Stadium roof, Munich, Germany

1972

Roofs of the Olympic Stadium Munich, Germany 1972 (together

with Behnisch and Partner, Leonhardt and Andrae)

Institute for Lightweight Structures at the University of Stuttgart-

Vaihingen during a meeting (initially a test-building of the

German Pavilion, Expo ’67 in Montreal). Installation 1965,

moving and upgrading 1968. The building, listed as a historic

monument, was renovated in 1993.

Interior view of the gymnasium of the King Abdul Aziz University

in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 1975-80 (together with R. Gutbrod, E.

Happold)

Exterior view of the gymnasium in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 1980

Convertible Roofs

Convertible roof over the open-air theatre of the abbey ruins of

Bad Hersfeld, Germany 1968 (together with P. Stromeyer)

Folded membrane roof of the open-air theatre of the abbey ruins

of Bad Hersfeld, Germany 1968

Feasibility study of an convertible roof of the multimedia station of

the Farbwerke Hoechst, 1971. Showing the motion in two steps

(together with Burkhardt and B. Rasch)

Pneumatic Structures

Feasibility study of an arch hall, 1959

Feasibility study “City in the Antarctica“, 1971.

Air-supported building as climatic shell over a city

(together with E. Bubner, K. Tange, O. Arup)

Umbrellas

Convertible Umbrellas at the Bundesgartenschau, Cologne,

Germany 1971 (together with B. Rasch, H. Isler)

Convertibles Umbrellas in the inner court of the Prophet's Mosque

in Medina, Saudi Arabia, 1971 (Bodo Rasch with Jürgen

Bradatsch)

Stage umbrellas for a concert tour of the group Pink Floyd, 1978

(together with B. Rasch and Office Happold

Home Buildings

Garden pavilion, Leonberg-Warmbronn, Germany 2001

House Otto, Leonberg-Warmbronn, Germany 1969 (with R. Krier)

Ecological houses in Berlin, south side of the housegroup, seen

from the Landwehrkanal. Berlin, Germany 1982-90 (Concept

together with H. Kendel and C. Kanstinger)

New Stuttgart Train Station

Soap film model for the new train station in Stuttgart, Germany,

2000

Suspend model for form finding of the arches for the new train

station in Stuttgart, Germany, 2000 (Christoph Ingenhoven and

Partner, Frei Otto, Büro Happold, Leonhardt and Andrae)

Model of the new Stuttgart train station. General view, illuminated

at night, 2000

Model for the new Stuttgart train station, view of the underground

hall with the platforms, 2000

Documents

4 Biography Libre