4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?

Pg. 90

A. Biotic and Abiotic Factors

• 1. Biotic Factors- biological influences on organisms within an ecosystem.

• 2. Abiotic Factors- Physical or non-living influences on an ecosystem.

Labeling! A for Abiotic or B for Biotic

• Water• Fish• Frog• Rock

• Dirt• Air• Plant• Bacteria

B. The Niche• 1. Niche- full range of

physical or biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which it uses those conditions.

• Example: Warbler Niches Pg. 92

C. Community Interactions

• 1. Competition- Organisms of the same or different species attempt to use resources at the same place and at the same time.

Brainstorm!

• List 3 things in an ecosystem that you think organisms would compete for…….

C. Community Interactions

• 2. Predation- Interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism.

C. Community Interactions

• 3. Symbiosis- Relationship in which 2 species live closely together.

C. Community Interactions

• 4. Mutualism- Situation in which both species benefit. (Type of Symbiosis)

C. Community Interactions

• 5. Commensalism-Situation in which one species benefits and one species is neutral. (Type of Symbiosis)

C. Community Interactions

• 6. Parasitism- One organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it. (Type of Symbiosis)

Mutualism

•Positive +•Positive +

Commensalism

•Positive +•Neutral 0

Parasitism

•Positive +•Negative -

Symbiotic Relationships Between 2 Species

Mutualism1

Parasitism1

Commensalism1

Types of Symbiosis

Match Madness

• Competition• Predation• Mutualism• Commensalism• Parasitism

• Polar Bear catching fish• Barnacles on whale skin• Tapeworm in human

intestines• Two Lions fight for food• Ant takes care of

aphids, aphids feed ants

T

D. Ecological Succession

• 1. Series of predictable changes in an ecosystem in response to natural and human disturbances.

• Come up with one example of a NATURAL disturbance and a HUMAN disturbance to the environment.

• Natural Disturbance-_________________• Human Disturbance-_________________

D. Ecological Succession

• 1. Primary Succession- Succession on surfaces where there is no soil.

• Example: Volcanic Eruption builds new islands; only ash and rock, no soil.

D. Ecological Succession

• 2. Secondary Succession- Restoration of an ecosystem after a disturbance.

• Example: After a wild fire, trees begin to grow and other living things inhabit the area.

Exit Ticket: Word Splash

• Using the Words below, Write one paragraph using 5 complete sentences.

• Biotic, Abiotic, Niche, Community Interactions, and Ecological Succession

• Underline each of the words required in your paragraph please!