3rd Grade Measurement

8/12/2019 3rd Grade Measurement

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3rdGrade Measurement


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Third Grade Standards for Measurement 4.M.1 Demonstrate an understanding of such attributes as length,

area, weight, and volume, and select the appropriate type of unit formeasuring each attribute.

4.M.2 Carry out simple unit conversions within a system ofmeasurement, e.g., hours to minutes, cents to dollars, yards to feet orinches, etc.

4.M.3 Identify time to the minute on analog and digital clocks usinga.m. and p.m. Compute elapsed time using a clock (e.g., hours andminutes since) and using a calendar (e.g., days since).

4.M.4 Estimate and find area and perimeter of a rectangle, triangle,or irregular shape using diagrams, models, and grids or by measuring.

4.M.5 Identify and use appropriate metric and English units andtools (e.g., ruler, angle ruler, graduated cylinder, thermometer) toestimate, measure, and solve problems involving length, area, volume,weight, time, angle size, and temperature.


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Why Do We Measure?

Measuring things helps us answer the

questions:

How big?

How long?

How much?


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What Do We Measure?

We measure

Time

Length & perimeter

Area

Capacity & volume Weight


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Every Measurement Has Units

A measurement always has units. For

example, we measure time in millennia,

centuries, decades, years, days, weeks, andhours. Without the unit, we dont know

how much time has passed. The units that

go with our measurements tell us what weare measuring and how much we have.


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Measuring Time

We measure time using clocks and calendars.

The big, dark hand tells us the

minute. The small, dark hand

tells us the hour, and the long,

gold hand tells us the second.

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28

Febuary 2007

Calendars tell us what day

each date is on and can help

us keep track of how many

days have gone by.
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Time UnitsSeconds The smallest unit of time on a clock

Minutes There are 60 seconds in one minute.

Hours There are 60 minutes in one hour.

Days There are 24 hours in one day.

Weeks There are 7 days in one week.Months The number of days and weeks in a month is

different for each month.

Years There are 365 days in one year.

Decades There are 10 years in one decade.

Centuries There are 100 years or 10 decades in one century.

Millennia There are 1000 years, 100 decades, or 10 centuries

in one millenium.


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Measuring Length

We measure length with a ruler. Each ruler

is divided into units. When using a ruler,

line up the edge of the ruler with the start of

the line or side you are measuring and read

the line where the side or object ends.

Length is the size of astraight line, distance,

or straight edge on anobject.

So this rectangle is

4 6/10 of a cm long

or 4.6 cm long.


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Units for Length

There are two major units for measurements:

Metric units are used all over the world.

The base unit is the meter. All other units aremeters multiplied or divided by a power of 10.

1 centimeter (cm)=10 millimeters (mm)

1 meter (m)=100 cm=1000 mm

1 kilometer=1000 m=100,000 cm=1,000,000 mm


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Customary Units for Length

U.S. customary units are only used in the U.S.

The smallest unit is the inch, but on a ruler, an inch

can be divided up into smaller pieceshalves,quarters, eighths, sixteenths, even thirty-seconds!

1 foot (ft.)=12 inches (in.)

3 ft.=1 yard (yd.)1760 yds.=1 mile (mi.)

5,280 ft.=1 mi.


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Moving Between UnitsSometimes you start out with one kind of unit, butyou need another unit. For example, you mighthave 6 feet but want to know how many yards youhave. Take one of the equations from beforeinthis case,

3 ft.=1 yd.

Since you are starting with feet, you divide the

number of feet by 3 to find out how many yardsthere are. If you had started out with the numberof yards, you would have multiplied that number

by 3 to get the number of feet.


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Moving Between Units

In general, if you are moving from the unit

with the larger number (the smaller unit) to

the unit with the smaller number in theequation (the larger unit), you will divide by

the larger number to get to the next unit. If

you are moving from larger unit to thesmaller unit, you will multiply by the larger

number to get the new unit.


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Moving Between Metric and

Customary UnitsYou can also change units from metric unitsto customary units and from customary

units to metric units using the same methodsand these equations.

1 in.=2.54 cm

1 ft.=0.305 m1 yd.=0.914 m

1 mi.=1.61 km


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Measuring Perimeter

Perimeter is the distance around the sides of anobject or space.

To find the perimeter of a shape, add the lengthsof each of the shapes sides together. This sum isthe perimeter of the shape.

Because you are adding up units of length, the unitof a perimeter will be the same as the units used tomeasure the length.


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Measuring AreaArea tells us how many squares you can lay out on a flat

surface like a shape.

To find the area of a

Rectangle: multiply the length of the object by its width

Triangle: Multiply the length of the triangles base by its

height Different Shape: Cut the shape into rectangles and triangles.

Add the areas of these shapes to get the total area of theshape.

Units: You are measuring area in squares, so your units mustalso be squaressquare inches (sq. in.), square meters (m2),etc. Basically take the units that the length was measured inand let us know that they are now squares.


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Capacity & Volume

Capacity is how much you can fill a spacewith. We usually talk about capacity with

empty containers.

Volume is how much space an object takes

up. We talk about volume with both solidobjects (no empty spaces) and with emptycontainers.


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Measuring Capacity and Volume

One way to measure the capacity or volume of an object isby using the lengths of the height and the sides of the baseto find the volume of the solid. You will learn about this

in later grades.

Another way to measure volume is to find out how manycubes of the same size you can fit into the object.

The other way you can measure the capacity or volume ofan object is to find out how much liquid you can fill itwith.


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Units for Measuring Volume

with CubesYour units in volume with always be cubic units. If

you know the length of the sides of your cube, you

use that unit and show that it is a cube.

For example, if each side of your cube is 1 cm long,your unit will be cubic centimeters (cm3).

If each side of your cube is 1 in. long, your unit willbe cubic inches (cu. in.).


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Measuring Liquids

We use measuring cupsto measure liquids.When using ameasuring cup, make

sure you hold the levelof the water in your lineof sight or crouch downuntil the water line is inyour line of sight andread the line that thatwater goes up to.
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Customary Units for Measuring

Liquids

1 cup (c.)=8 fluid ounces (fl. oz.)

2 c.=1 pint (pt.)

2 pts.=1 quart (qt.)

4 qts.=1 gallon (gal.)


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Like with metric units for length, all units are the base unit

(in this case the liter) multiplied or divided by a power of

10.

The main units you will use in measuring liquids will be

milliliters and liters.

1,000 milliliter (mL)= 1 liter (L)

A little connection with volume of solids:

1mL=1 cubic centimeter (cc)

Metric Units for Measuring

Liquids


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Moving Between Customary and

Metric Units for Measuring

Liquids

1 fl. oz.=29.57 mL1 gal.=3.785 L

1 mL=0.034 fl. oz.1 L=0.264 gal.


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Measuring Weight

When most people talk about weight, they arereally talking about massor how much matter orstuff is in something. Measuring an objects

weight tells us how much matter is in it.

We measure weight on scales and balances.


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Using Scales and Balances

When using a scale like this one, make sure the scale is always

set to 0 before you weigh anything. Once you put the object onthe scale, the scale will show you how much it weighs.

There are two kinds of balances. With this kind of balance,

you put the object in one dish and put weights in the otherdish. When the two dishes are balanced, you add the

weights in the other dish to find the weight of the first object.

With this kind of scale, you put the object onto

the dish and move the sliders along the threerulers. When the line at the end of the arm

lines up with the line on the right side of the

balance dish, you add up the values on the

rulers to find the weight of the object.
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Customary Units for Weight

The smallest unit is the ounce, although it

can also be broken into smaller pieces or

fractions of an ounce.

16 ounces (oz.)=1 pound (lb.)

2000 lbs=1 ton (T.)


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Metric Units for Weight

The base unit is the gram, and all other units

of weight in the metric system are grams

multiplied or divided by powers of 10.

1000 milligrams (mg)= 1 gram (g)

1000 g=1 kilogram (kg)


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Moving Between Customary and

Metric Units for Weight

1 oz=28.35 g

1 lb=0.454 kg

1 g=0.035 oz.

1 kg=2.202 lbs.

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3rd Grade Measurement