Upload
prabath-karunanayake
View
17
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Semester 04Organization Development
Organization Development ProcessPresented by
Dr. Prabath Karunanayake MBBS, MBA in HRM, PGDipPsych, PGDipOHS
Director HR, China Harbour Engineering CompanyLead Consultant, Prabath Karunanayake Associates
[email protected]/prabath2014
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
MASTERS INHUMAN RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
Lesson plan• Entering and contracting• Diagnosing• Intervening
–Types of interventions–Designing interventions–Implementing interventions
• Evaluating• Institutionalizing• Activity – OD case study
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
The Entering Process
• Clarifying the Organizational Issue– Presenting Problem– Symptoms
• Determining the Relevant Client– Who can directly influence change– Union officials
• Selecting an OD Practitioner– Whether from inside or outside– Selecting an external OD professional (Lippitt)
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Elements of an Effective Contract
• Mutual expectations are clear– Outcomes and deliverables– Publishing cases and results– Involvement of stakeholders
• Time and Resources– Access to client, managers, members– Access to information
• Ground Rules– Confidentiality
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Definition of Diagnosis
Diagnosis is a collaborative process between organizational members and the OD consultant to collect pertinent information, analyze it, and
draw conclusions for action planning and intervention.
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Open Systems Model
Inputs• Information• Energy• People
Transformations• Social Component• Technological Component
Outputs• Goods• Services• Ideas
Environment
Feedback
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Properties of Systems
• Environments • Inputs, Transformations, and Outputs• Boundaries• Feedback• Equifinality• Alignment
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Diagnosing Organizational Systems
• Can be diagnosed at three levels:– Organization – includes design of company
strategy, structure and processes– Group / department – includes group design and
devises for structuring interactions– Individual – includes job design
• Need to know what to look for at each level and how levels affect each other
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Definition of Interventions
An intervention is a set of sequenced and planned actions or events intended to help the
organization increase its effectiveness.
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Types of Interventions
• Human Process Interventions• Techno-structural Interventions• Human Resources Management Interventions• Employee wellness interventions• Strategic Interventions
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Characteristics of Effective Interventions
• Is it relevant to the needs of the organization?– Valid information– Free and Informed Choice– Internal Commitment
• Is it based on causal knowledge of intended outcomes?
• Does it transfer competence to manage change to organization members?
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Designing Interventions• Need careful attention to needs and dynamics
of change situation• Contingencies Related to the Change Situation
– Readiness to change– Capability to change– Cultural context– Capabilities of the change agent
• Contingencies Related to the Target of Change– Organizational issues– Organizational levels
• Motivating change– Creating readiness for change– Overcoming resistance to change
• Creating a vision– Describing the core ideology– Constructing the envisioned future
• Developing political support• Managing the transition• Sustaining momentum
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Implementing interventions
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Evaluating Interventions
• Implementation and Evaluation Feedback• Measurement
– Select the right variables to measure– Design good measurements
• Operational• Reliable• Valid
• Research Design
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Implementation and Evaluation Feedback
Diagnosis
Design andImplementationof Interventions
AlternativeInterventions
Implementation ofIntervention
ClarifyIntention
Plan forNext Steps
ImplementationFeedback
Measures ofthe Intervention and Immediate
Effects
EvaluationFeedback
Measure ofLong-term
Effects
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Implementation Feedback
• Feedback aimed at guiding implementation efforts
• Milestones, intermediate targets
• Measures of the intervention’s progress
Evaluation Feedback
• Feedback aimed at determining impact of intervention
• Goals, outcomes, performance
• Measures of the intervention’s effect
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Evaluating Different Types of Change
• Alpha Change– Movement along a stable dimension
• Beta Change– Recalibration of units of measure in a stable
dimension• Gamma Change
– Fundamental redefinition of dimension
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Institutionalizing Interventions
• Once changes have been implemented and are effective, focus on institutionalizing changes
• Lewin’s refreezing stage• With rapidly changing environments, change
itself may need to be institutionalized• Built to change
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Institutionalization Framework
OrganizationCharacteristics
InterventionCharacteristics In
stit
uti
onal
izat
ion
Pro
cess
es
Ind
icat
ors
ofIn
stit
uti
onal
izat
ion
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Organization Characteristics
• Congruence– Extent to which an intervention supports or aligns
with the current environment, strategic orientation, or other changes taking place
• Stability of Environment and Technology– Degree to which the organization’s environment
and technology are changing• Unionization
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Intervention Characteristics• Goal Specificity
– Extent to which intervention goals are specific rather than broad
• Level of Change Target– Extent to which the change target is the total
organization rather than a small work group• Internal Support
– Presence of an internal support system• Sponsor
– Presence of a powerful sponsor
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Institutionalization Processes
• Socialization• Commitment• Reward Allocation• Diffusion• Sensing and Calibration
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing
Indicators of Institutionalization
• Knowledge• Performance• Preferences• Normative Consensus• Value consensus
FB/prabath2014FB/mindbody2014
FB/ecoleadership2014
Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing