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Semester 04 Organization Development Organization Development Process Presented by Dr. Prabath Karunanayake MBBS, MBA in HRM, PGDipPsych, PGDipOHS Director HR, China Harbour Engineering Company Lead Consultant, Prabath Karunanayake Associates [email protected] www.facebook.com/prabath2014 Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing MASTERS IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

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Semester 04Organization Development

Organization Development ProcessPresented by

Dr. Prabath Karunanayake MBBS, MBA in HRM, PGDipPsych, PGDipOHS

Director HR, China Harbour Engineering CompanyLead Consultant, Prabath Karunanayake Associates

[email protected]/prabath2014

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

MASTERS INHUMAN RESOURCE

MANAGEMENT

Lesson plan• Entering and contracting• Diagnosing• Intervening

–Types of interventions–Designing interventions–Implementing interventions

• Evaluating• Institutionalizing• Activity – OD case study

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

The Entering Process

• Clarifying the Organizational Issue– Presenting Problem– Symptoms

• Determining the Relevant Client– Who can directly influence change– Union officials

• Selecting an OD Practitioner– Whether from inside or outside– Selecting an external OD professional (Lippitt)

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Elements of an Effective Contract

• Mutual expectations are clear– Outcomes and deliverables– Publishing cases and results– Involvement of stakeholders

• Time and Resources– Access to client, managers, members– Access to information

• Ground Rules– Confidentiality

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Definition of Diagnosis

Diagnosis is a collaborative process between organizational members and the OD consultant to collect pertinent information, analyze it, and

draw conclusions for action planning and intervention.

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Open Systems Model

Inputs• Information• Energy• People

Transformations• Social Component• Technological Component

Outputs• Goods• Services• Ideas

Environment

Feedback

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Properties of Systems

• Environments • Inputs, Transformations, and Outputs• Boundaries• Feedback• Equifinality• Alignment

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Diagnosing Organizational Systems

• Can be diagnosed at three levels:– Organization – includes design of company

strategy, structure and processes– Group / department – includes group design and

devises for structuring interactions– Individual – includes job design

• Need to know what to look for at each level and how levels affect each other

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Definition of Interventions

An intervention is a set of sequenced and planned actions or events intended to help the

organization increase its effectiveness.

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Types of Interventions

• Human Process Interventions• Techno-structural Interventions• Human Resources Management Interventions• Employee wellness interventions• Strategic Interventions

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Characteristics of Effective Interventions

• Is it relevant to the needs of the organization?– Valid information– Free and Informed Choice– Internal Commitment

• Is it based on causal knowledge of intended outcomes?

• Does it transfer competence to manage change to organization members?

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Designing Interventions• Need careful attention to needs and dynamics

of change situation• Contingencies Related to the Change Situation

– Readiness to change– Capability to change– Cultural context– Capabilities of the change agent

• Contingencies Related to the Target of Change– Organizational issues– Organizational levels

• Motivating change– Creating readiness for change– Overcoming resistance to change

• Creating a vision– Describing the core ideology– Constructing the envisioned future

• Developing political support• Managing the transition• Sustaining momentum

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Implementing interventions

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Evaluating Interventions

• Implementation and Evaluation Feedback• Measurement

– Select the right variables to measure– Design good measurements

• Operational• Reliable• Valid

• Research Design

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Implementation and Evaluation Feedback

Diagnosis

Design andImplementationof Interventions

AlternativeInterventions

Implementation ofIntervention

ClarifyIntention

Plan forNext Steps

ImplementationFeedback

Measures ofthe Intervention and Immediate

Effects

EvaluationFeedback

Measure ofLong-term

Effects

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Implementation Feedback

• Feedback aimed at guiding implementation efforts

• Milestones, intermediate targets

• Measures of the intervention’s progress

Evaluation Feedback

• Feedback aimed at determining impact of intervention

• Goals, outcomes, performance

• Measures of the intervention’s effect

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Evaluating Different Types of Change

• Alpha Change– Movement along a stable dimension

• Beta Change– Recalibration of units of measure in a stable

dimension• Gamma Change

– Fundamental redefinition of dimension

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Institutionalizing Interventions

• Once changes have been implemented and are effective, focus on institutionalizing changes

• Lewin’s refreezing stage• With rapidly changing environments, change

itself may need to be institutionalized• Built to change

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Institutionalization Framework

OrganizationCharacteristics

InterventionCharacteristics In

stit

uti

onal

izat

ion

Pro

cess

es

Ind

icat

ors

ofIn

stit

uti

onal

izat

ion

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Organization Characteristics

• Congruence– Extent to which an intervention supports or aligns

with the current environment, strategic orientation, or other changes taking place

• Stability of Environment and Technology– Degree to which the organization’s environment

and technology are changing• Unionization

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Intervention Characteristics• Goal Specificity

– Extent to which intervention goals are specific rather than broad

• Level of Change Target– Extent to which the change target is the total

organization rather than a small work group• Internal Support

– Presence of an internal support system• Sponsor

– Presence of a powerful sponsor

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Institutionalization Processes

• Socialization• Commitment• Reward Allocation• Diffusion• Sensing and Calibration

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing

Indicators of Institutionalization

• Knowledge• Performance• Preferences• Normative Consensus• Value consensus

[email protected]

FB/prabath2014FB/mindbody2014

FB/ecoleadership2014

Cummings & Worley, 9e (c) 2009 South-Western College Publishing