6121-23 March 2011

Session ChairDr. Cenek NovotnyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic

Session Co-ChairDr. P. P. KanekarAgharkar Research Institute, India

3(iii): Microbial Bioremediation

3(iv): Waste Water Treatment

21 March 2011 (Monday )

Session Introduction

Title: White rot fungal cultures for degradation of water soluble pollutants Dr. Cenek Novotny, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech

Republic

Title: Microbial bioremediation of toxic organic pollutants Dr. P. P. Kanekar, Agharkar Research Institute, India

Title: Bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated tropical marine environ-ments

Dr. Maki Teramoto, Bio-Production laboratory Kitano, Japan

Title: Bioremediation of organic pollutants contaminated soils in changing

climate: Challenges and perspectives Dr. PC Abhilash, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, India

Title: Optimization of process parameters for the removal of Cd2+ in batch

and column system using polysulphone immobilized Aeromonas hydrophila biomass

Dr. Preeti Srivastava, Banaras Hindu University, India

Title: Microbial pathogens causing mastitic losses and strategies for their

containment Dr. B. R. Yadav, National Dairy Research Institute, India

Plenary Speaker

Title: Role of Biotechnology towards achieving zero effluent discharge in a pulp and paper industry

Dr. Shalini Singh, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India

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BIOTECHNOLOGY-2011

6221-23 March 2011

21 March 2011 (Monday )

Title: Mycorhizosphere: An ecological remediation unit Dr. M.H.Fulekar, University of Mumbai, India

Title: Decolorization of a dye industry effluent by Pleurotus ostreatus Dr. T. Sathish Kumar, Kumaraguru College of Technology, India

Title: Bioremediation of poultry wastes using Pseudomonas aeruginosa Dr. S. Shanmugam, Kumaraguru College of Technology, India

Title: Bioremediation of shrimp biowaste for recovery of industrially important chitin and carotenoids by ecofriendly process

Dr. Kandra Prameela, GITAM University, India

Title: Biofilm formation and biodegradation of HDPE by Bacillus megaterium Dr. Garima Mathur, Institute of Information Technology University, India

Title: Anaerobic digestion: Present status and future perspectives Dr. A. Gangagni Rao, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT),

India

Title: Optimising treatment of real textile wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor with an aerobic activated sludge

Dr. Merzouki Mohammed, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Morocco

Title: Aerobic treatment of Dairy wastes Dr. Chandrakumar B. Mohod, Amravati University, India

Title: Production of cellulases by liquid state bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge

Dr. P. Saravanan Muthusamy, Annamalai University, India

Title: Study on the bioremediation processes in Litopenaeus vannamei culture ponds with application of probiotics in coastal Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Rayaprolu Srinivas, Novus Animal Nutrition (India) Pvt Ltd, India

Title: Removal of Cr (III) from aqueous solution using immobilized Rhizomucor tauricus and spectroscopic characterization

Dr. Krishna Prasad, GMR Institute of Technology, India

Title: Modification of Saccharam spontaneum – L Fiber through Graft Copolymerization and its application as reinforcing agent in the preparation of biodegradable composites

Dr. Rajeev Jindal, National Institute of Technology, India

Title: Biogeophysical monitoring of engineered bioremediation of contaminants in geobiological systems

Dr. Kushal P Singh, National Geophysical Research Institute, India

Title: Pathological investigation of abnormal mucosal polyp found in marine teleost Nemipterus japonicus in and around polluted harbor waters of Visakhapatnam

Dr. Chapara Manjualatha, Andhra University, India

Title: Microbial bioremediation of industrial wastewater in common effluent treatment plant (CETP)

Dr. S. S. Sarnaik, MACS’ Agharkar Research Institute, India

Track 3(iii) & 3(iv)

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Potential of ligninolytic fungi to degrade organopollutants including synthetic dyes has been

proven and the use of immobilized fungal cultures in semisolid state-, trickling-bed- and rotating disk reactors for efficient biodegradation of textile dyes repeatedly shown. The effect of bacteria on fungal biofilms and their biodegradation efficiency treated in this study is a factor important in application of fungal cultures under nonsterile conditions.

The results will demonstrate tolerance of highly degradative fungi Pleurotus ostreatus, Dichomitus squalens and Irpex lacteus to growth inhibition by coliform and soil bacteria on solid agar media. In static, liquid-medium cultures of I. lacteus working at pH 4.5 and 6.0 for 10 days, the capacity of decolorization of anthraquinone dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) was significantly inhibited by 105- 106 CFU of Escherichia

coli but not Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No specific effect on ligninolytic enzyme production was observed.

The presence of 109 CFU of E. coli in semisolid-state cultures of I. lacteus during a 4-week cultivation did not negatively influence the capacity of the fungus to decolorize RBBR. Bacterial counts increased during cultivation but fungal growth was not affected by the presence of the bacterium. Manganesedependent peroxidase was the main enzyme present. The enzyme levels exhibited variations attributable to the presence of the bacterium. Electron microscopy showed that fungal biofilms were dense and stable during long-term runs even in the presence of E.coli. Sustainability and efficiency of fungal biofilms in long-term biodegradation experiments was demonstrated.

The work was supported by the projects IAAX00200901 and AV0Z50200510.

White-rot Fungal Cultures for Degradation of Water Soluble Pollutants: The Aspect of Bacterial StressC. Novotny1, H. Mikeskova2, S. Montalvao3, M. Plackova2, J. Pocedic4, M. Tavcar5; O. Benada1, O. Kofronova1, K. Malachova2, J. Teixeira3, W. Fuchs6, A. Pavko5, P. Hasal4

1Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, Czech Republic2University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic3University of Minho, Portugal4Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic5University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; 6 University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Austria

BiographyC. Novotny obtained Ph.D. at Charles University, Prague (1976). He is senior scientist

at the Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague (1976-2010). He was head of Laboratory of Yeast Physiology (1981-1990) and Laboratory of Experimental Mycology (2002-2006). Topics of research are: microbial physiology, bioremediation and environmental biotechnologies. He has published 53 papers in impacted journals and is assistant editor of Folia Microbiologica.

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Industrial world today emphasizes on: recover-recycle-reuse, owing to increased awareness towards

conservation of resources and controlling environment pollution. Stringent regulations and consumer awareness has led pulp and paper industry, the third largest polluter among various industries, to focus on reduced usage of fresh water and larger proportions of recycled fibres. The industry is, looking at a high degree of system closure of the process water or the use of biological waste water treatment plants. Various strategies (membrane filtration, the use of coagulating chemicals, aerobic or anaerobic biological treatments, etc), emphasizing on reduction of the amount of fresh water employed, can be adopted for the same. The increased water recycling in the industry causes the paper machine white water to become richer in nutrient

salts and degradable carbon, forming slime deposits. The microbial growth in a paper mill might cause loss of production due to breaks, reduction in quality due to appearance of slime spots, odors in product, corrosion, etc. An alternative technology, surface-active biofilm matrix blocker (SAM), was developed to control biofilms/deposits. Differential turbidity measurement (DTM) and automatic pressure drop (PD) measurement are useful to measure deposit formation on line in the side stream of a paper machine whitewater circuit. Biocides, like, Phenyl mercuric compounds can be used in the pulp and paper industry but they cause lake sediments. Thus, current studies focus on identification of microbes in pulp and paper industry and effective biocides to check their growth.

Role of Biotechnology Towards Achieving Zero Effluent Discharge in a Pulp and Paper Industry*aShalini Singh, bDharm Dutt, bC. H. Tyagi and cA. K. VidyarthiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India-144402bDepartment of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247 001 (India)cCentral Pollution Board, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110032 (India)

BiographyShalini Singh has completed her Ph.D at the age of 28 years from IIT Roorkee, Roorkee,

India. She is currently working as Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India. She has published 4 papers in reputed journals and serving as an editorial board member of repute. She is an invited reviewer for international journals. She has successfully supervised 9 dissertation projects in 2009-2010 and currently supervising Mphil and Mtech thesis projects (2010-2011).

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Anaerobic digestion is a process to stabilize the organic matter in the waste and accordingly it

finds an important place in the area of biological means of waste management. During this course, renewable energy in the form of biogas is generated thus making this process remunerative. Innovation of UASB process and other advancements in this area for the past three decades made this process economically attractive for the treatment of high strength organic wastewaters and therefore, this technology penetrated rapidly in those industrial segments. Despite this, scaling up of technology has many bottlenecks which need to be understood thoroughly in order to tailor made the process for new category of wastewaters.

Application of this technology for the treatment of solid waste is not at the required pace due to variety of reasons, especially in developing countries like India,

even though the technology became mature in European countries and is being applied widely. Payback period of anaerobic systems for solid waste is not commercially attractive like anaerobic wastewater plants which could be possibly one of the main causes for sluggish take off. In order to expedite the commercialization of solid waste treatment plants based on anaerobic digestion technology, apart from indigenizing the high rate biomethanation technologies to reduce the cost of technology transfer, necessity of implementing environmentally benign, less energy consuming solid waste treatment technologies like anaerobic digestion needs to be advocated aggressively.

The presentation addresses present status and future perspectives of anaerobic digestion technology with practical examples.

Anaerobic digestion: Present status and future perspectivesA Gangagni RaoIndian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), India

BiographyDr.A.GANGAGNI RAO is at present Scientist in IICT, Hyderabad. He has got twenty

years of experience in the field of biological waste. He is specialized in the field of anaerobic digestion and biological gas treatment. He has developed and executed projects based on novel process like UASB, AFFR, Bio-filter, Bio-scrubber, BIO-FGD, SMAD etc. He has broad range of skills like conceptualization, process development, scale-up, commissioning and project management. He has delivered lectures in national and international conferences, published 20 research papers in international journals and has two patents to his credit.

doi:10.4172/2155-6199.1000001

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Microbial bioremediation of toxic organic Pollutants - An overviewPradnya P KanekarMACS-Agharkar Research Institute, India

In Global scenario, industrial revolution appears to result in rising up of chemical industries for manufacturing a variety of chemicals to fulfill public demands and need of synthetic materials in every compartment of day-to-day life. The compounds like explosives, pesticides, phenolics, synthetic polymers, dyes etc. are the essential commodities and hence produced in large quantities by these industries. The high growth of both manufacturer and user industries has led to pollution of the environment. The wastewaters generated in the production of such compounds are discharged in the environment particularly in water bodies and soil leading to their pollution. These wastewaters are not only in large volumes but also contain a variety of toxic chemical compounds, coloring agents etc. which are hazardous to both aquatic and terrestrial life. Hence such wastewaters require remediation. By virtue of ability to degrade a variety of

toxic chemicals, microorganisms play an important role in bioremediation of environmental pollutants.

The present paper describes microbial remediation methods developed for the chemo pollutants like triphenylmethane dyes, synthetic polymers, and their monomers, different groups of pesticides like carbamates, organophosphates, organochlorine etc., and nitro compounds using different bacteria belonging to the genera Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Brevundimonas Microbacterium, Providencia, Pseudomonas and yeast species viz. Candida, Pichia etc. Studies were carried out using fixed film bioreactors, two stage bioreactors, activated sludge processes etc. The involvement of enzymes in degradation of these toxic pollutants and genes encoding such detoxifying enzymes especially in case of pesticides is discussed.

BiographyDr. Pradnya Kanekar, M.Sc., Ph.D., has been working as Scientist G and Head,

Microbial Sciences Division of MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, M.S. India. She has post doctoral research experience of 30 years since 1980. Her main areas of interest are biodegradation and bioremediation of toxic organic pollutants; microbial diversity and conservation of bacteria and archaea; biotechnological potential of extremophiles. So far 12 students have been awarded Ph.D. degree in the subject of Microbiology of Pune University and six students are registered for Ph.D. degree. 55 papers are published in peer reviewed journals. Five Indian patents are granted, three patents applied and one technology transferred for commercialization.

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Microbial bioremediation of industrial wastewater in common effluent treatment plant (CETP)S S Sarnaik, P P Kanekar, G K Wagh, Snehal Bari, Nilesh Sonune and Amit Sinnarkar MACS’ Agharkar Research Institute, India

In the growing Indian economy both the Government and chemical industry is concerned about the treatment of the effluents. These concerns are exemplified due to the investment constraints on small scale and medium scale industries in erecting waste treatment plants. Under such a constraint CETPs are being considered as a common facility. Since the nature of effluents and their chemical composition is very diverse, CETPs face a grave challenge in treating such effluents. In the present study composite effluent from pesticide, pharmaceutical and dye industries received by a CETP was characterized. Some of the chemicals in the effluent include dyes namely CPC green G, pigment blue, red yellow HE4G, scarlet 4BS, acid fast red; pesticides namely triazolone, malathion, phorate, quinalphos, chlorpyriphos; pharmaceuticals namely pyrazinamide, dexamethazone etc. The CETP receives 1800 m3 of highly coloured effluent having pH 1.5. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen are the main concerns at the CETP. The bacterial consortium developed lowered the COD from an initial 8000 mg/l to 1500 mg/l at flask level and from 3000 mg/l to 1400 mg/l at a pilot plant of size 25 m3 on site. The consortium comprised of Ochrobactrum, seudomonas, Sphingomonas, Comamonas, Cupriavidus, Xanthomonas, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Aeromonas, Bacteroides, Ralstonia and Achromobacter. Acknowledgements: The authors thank authorities of Enviro Technologies Ltd., Ankleshwar, Gujarat for financial support, providing effluent samples and related information. Using the activated sludge process it was possible to play an important role in causing environmental pollution

particularly water pollution due to large volume of effluent generated during the process and presence of toxic chemicals either in the form of unused raw material or unrecovered finished product. Effluent treatment plant thus becomes an unavoidable component of a chemical industry. Since, it is difficult to set up an effluent treatment plant independently for a small scale unit; existence of common effluent treatment plant (CETP) becomes useful for cluster of such small scale units. The wastewater in CETP is usually heterogeneous in nature. It is quite difficult to treat such type of mixed effluent using a single, pure microbial culture. MACS-Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), Pune is engaged in developing microbial cultures for treatment. The wastewater under study is from a CETP receiving waste from industries such as dyes and pigments, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, etc. The wastewater is highly acidic in nature and dark in appearance with appreciablesettelable matter. It contains organic load in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) to the extent of 8000 mg/L and ammoniacal nitrogen up to 900 mg/L. Bacterial consortium was developed using the bacteria isolated from the soil in the premises of CETP, and bacterial consortium used at site. The bacteria were belonging to genera Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Comamonas, Cupriavidus, Xanthomonas, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Aeromonas, Bactroides, Ralstonia and Achromobacter. Except Bactroides, Ralstonia and Achromobacter, all other genera were found to be efficient in reducing the organic load and thus indicated their potential for bioaugmentation purpose.

doi:10.4172/2155-6199.1000001

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Bioremediation of Nitro explosive- Diaminodinitroethylene (FOX-7) containing wastewaterVrushali Patil, P P Kanekar and S S SarnaikMACS-Agharkar Research Institute,India

Explosives available in world market have many types of chemical combinations. One of the major groups of explosives is nitroexplosives. New explosive molecule with inherent lower sensitivities, DADNE (1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitro ethylene) (FOX-7) can provide safe handling of ammunition in peace, and war. FOX-7 is more powerful, safer and environmental friendly explosive. The wastewater generated in the production of FOX-7 is found to be acidic in nature and contains nitrates, intermediate compounds and residual FOX-7 exerting toxic effects. Hence bioremediation of such waste water is studied.

Micro-organisms utilizing FOX-7, were isolated by enrichment and adaptation technique using soil samples collected from the premises of FOX-7 producing unit from a Defence Research Development Organization (DRDO) i.e. High Energy Materials Research Laboratory

(HEMRL) situated nearby Pune and garden soil from ARI campus using FOX-7 containing wastewater.

The FOX-7 wastewater was acidic in nature having pH <1, containing ~2252 mg/L nitrates and 3300 mg/L FOX-7. Among the 16 isolates obtained from soil samples exposed to FOX-7 containing wastewater by enrichment technique, five isolates could remove 24% nitrates and 27% FOX-7 in 72 hrs.

Bioremediation of FOX-7 wastewater was carried out with respect to environmental factors e.g. temperature, pH, carbon source, nitrogen source and concentration of wastewater pollutants. Three isolates showed optimum removal of FOX-7 at 300C, pH 7, 0.05g % glucose concentration, 0.05g % peptone concentration and 3 days of incubation in the range of 27-38%. These organisms can be used for bioremediation of FOX-7 containing wastewater.

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Biogeophysical monitoring of engineered bioremediation of contaminants in geobiological systemsKushal P SinghNational Geophysical Research Institute, India

Biogeophysics is an emerging research discipline in near surface geophysics which is sensitive to physicochemical alterations associated with microbial processes. Thus, it may be easier to apply geophysical techniques such as electrodic potential, self potential and induced polarisation to engineered biological systems where there is a degree of control over the design of the physical and chemical domain. A column experiment that was designed to anaerobically biodegrade dissolved organic matter in landfill leachate is presented here. The column utilises a recycled porous media to help sequester organic carbon. Electrodic potential, self potential and induced polarisation are used in conjunction with geochemical, microbiological and isotopic techniques to monitor the effectiveness of this approach. Results

obtained in supportive studies including X-ray diffraction (XRD), metal analysis by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) support bioprecipitation of metals and variations in time-lapse biogeophysical measurements. Further, micrographs obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of column sediments support the presence of biofilm and biomineralization. Strong biogeophysical signatures associated with anaerobic microbial sulphate reduction and biofilm growth facilitate the possibility that the biogeophysics could be a cost-effective, fast and non-invasive potential tool for monitoring the performance of bioreactors and designing bioremediation strategies.

BiographyDr. Kushal. P. Singh has completed his PhD in biogeophysics (2006-2010) from

Queen’s University Belfast, UK in the year 2010 and has done his M.Tech in Applied Geophysics from IIT Roorkee, India in the year 1995. He has pursued bachelor degree from HNB Garhwal University in the year of 1992. He has won many competitive scholarships among these Medhavi Chatra Pratiyogita (Integrated Scholarship) conducted by U.P. Government is noticeable in which he stood first in the year 1985. He has been awarded Bhagirathi Lal Wadhawan prize for his master thesis in seismic anisotropy and in the same year he has been selected for Junior Research Fellowship (JRF), CSIR (India) and for the post of scientist in National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad. In his early career, he was engaged in application of integrated geophysical techniques comprising direct current resistivity, electromagnetic and magnetic for various purposes (e.g. exploration of natural resources, geophysical detection of weak zones for nuclear disposal sites etc). He is currently engaged in hydrogeophysical and biogeophysical research activities. His main research activity, biogeophysics is a multidisciplinary research which combines microbiology, geophysics and geochemistry. He is the first graduate in biogeophysics at Queen’s University Belfast (QUB), UK and is awarded Special Research Scholarship by Queen’s University for his innovative research work in the year 2007-08. He has been honored with many awards like “UCD Fellowship in sustainable environment management-2009 by University College Dublin, Ireland”. Recently, he has been nominated by Queen’s University, UK for the possible award of Brunel Fellowship-2011 awarded by Royal Commission, UK for his outstanding efforts in understanding the mechanism of biogeophysical processes associated with engineered and natural bioremediation of contaminants in polluted environments. He has been awarded travel support by SEGJ-2009, Japan for representing UK in public forum and technical sessions during the annual convention of SEGJ in the Outstanding Young Researchers’ Category. He also has been awarded “Biogeophysics Travel Grant awarded by AGU via NSF, USA, Fall Meeting December-2007 and AGU Chapman Conference on Biogeophysics-2008”. He is a member of many national and international scientific societies including the AGU, USA, ISCA (India) and EGU, Vienna. He has published 13 papers in reputed journals, peer reviewed abstracts and papers in proceedings of international conferences like AGU, EGU, SEGJ etc. He has presented many of his papers as oral and poster presentations in various national and international conferences.

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Study on the bioremediation processes in Litopenaeus vannamei culture ponds with application of probiotics in coastal Andhra Pradesh, IndiaRayaprolu Srinivas Novus Animal Nutrition (India) Pvt Ltd, India

The common species observed in the shrimp culture of Indian aqua farms is Penaeus monodon. Due to the different problems like non-availability of good quality post larvae, low export price and regular disease incidence, the alternative species for the shrimp culture was identified to be important in most of the culture areas. The very recent development in aquaculture practices of India is the production of the Litopenaeus vannamei with high stocking densities was observed. There are different stocking densities under practiced by different farmers and the range of stocking densities falls between 25 - 100 Pcs/sq.mt. The common stocking density followed by many farmers is about 35 - 50 Pcs/sq.mt. At this increased stocking densities, there are different physical, chemical and biological changes observed in the pond dynamics which are caused by the changes in the plankton and also in the bacterial populations.

The present study was undertaken to observe the

changes in the bacterial dynamics and management of good water quality and healthy plankton, in the culture ponds of stocking density 50 Pcs/sq.mt uniformly in two experimental ponds and one control pond. This study was done during the first crop from Feb- July’10, to identify the changes in the bacterial dynamics of both pathogenic & non-pathogenic bacteria in the culture environment with difference in the frequency of application of probiotics for the ecosystem management of the experimental ponds and without probiotics in the control ponds at rate of seven day & fifteen day frequency. The commercial probiotic used in this study was Mera Bac W produced by M/S. Novus International, USA having a concentration of 4 Billion cfu-gm. Very interesting and significant results were observed during the study in the management of plankton, prevention of bacterial problems, observations of disease incidence and the growth of the shrimps. The results were tabulated and studied for further evaluation.

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Removal of Cr (III) from aqueous solution using immobilized Rhizomucor tauricus and spectroscopic Characterization Krishna Prasad Kishore Kumar K, M Sarma, G V S Murthy and Ch V RAndhra University, India

Removal of chromium was investigated using an industrial waste fungus Rhizomucor tauricus dead mycelial biomass powder and also live biomass entrapped into alginate gel liquid curing method in the presence of Ca (II) ions. The binding capacity of immobilized dead powdered fungal biomass was very high comparative to live immobilized fungal biomass. The effect of initial chromium concentration, pH and temperature on chromium removal has been investigated. The maximum experimental biosorption capacities for entrapped live and dead powdered fungal of Rhizomucor tauricus were found to be 21.37 ± 1.2 mg Cd (II) g-1 and 51.29 ± 3.4 mg Cd (II) g-1 respectively. The kinetics of

chromium biosorption was slow; approximately 75% of biosorption takes place in 2 ½ hours and the equilibrium time was noted as 3 ½ for both cases. The biosorption equilibrium data were well described by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The biosorbents were characterized and evaluated by the FTIR and X-ray diffraction for the responsible functional groups –OH and –NH2 in the biosorption process.

Since binding capacities were relatively high for both immobilized live and dead powdered fungus forms, those fungal forms could be considered as suitable biosorbents for the removal of chromium in wastewater treatment.

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Mycorhizosphere: An ecological remediation unitBhawana S Pathak and M H FulekarUniversity of Mumbai, India

Rhizosphere region in the soil is influenced by the presence of plant roots. This influence may be associated with physical change in the area such as compaction or with the deposition of root desired material into the rhizosphere. Rhizosphere is capable of supporting a greater number of microorganisms than bulk, nonvegetated soil. Plants stimulate the growth of microorganisms in the areas around their roots through the release of natural substances. Rhizosphere deposition includes; low molecular weight compounds- sugars, fatty acids, organic acids and synthetic compounds; whereas high molecular weight compounds contain polysaccharides and polygalactic acids. Rhizosphere is a symbiotic association of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes along the root zone of the plant. Rhizosphere bioremediation is a natural process of degrading xenobiotics which can be enhanced by supplying nutrients and providing

suitable environmental conditions. Rhizosphere bioremediation is also known as phytostimulation or plant assisted bioremediation. Mycorhizosphere increases soil organic carbon, bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi all factors that encourage degradation of organic contaminants in soil. Plants enzymes dehydrogenase, nitroreductase, peroxidase, lactase and nitrilase as well as microbial enzymes in mycorhizosphere have made effective biodegradation of complex organic compounds. The present study deals with remediation of polycyclic hydrocarbon in particular anthracene in mycorhizospheric soil. The research findings show that there in rapid degradation of organic compound under the influence of green plant-grasses with fibrous roots in mycorhizosphere. Mycorhizosphere- an ecological remediation unit would be beneficial to decontaminate the xenobiotics to clean up the environment.

BiographyDr. M. H. Fulekar is a Professor in Environmental Biotechnology in University

Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai. He was Head, University Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai (2005-2008). Dr Fulekar is a Member of the Academic Council and Chairman Adhoc-Board of Studies-Life Sciences, University of Mumbai. He is also Chairman Adhoc-Board of Studies-Environmental Sciences, Nagpur University. He has nominated as Expert in Various Academic/Scientific Bodies in India and abroad. He has had an international assignment on industrial hygiene / chemical safety in Australia, Bangkok and Singapore. Ha has in his credit 150 numbers of research papers and articles published in international and national journals of repute. He is author of Books: Environmental Biotechnology (Oxford & IBH), Chemical Safety and Industrial Hygiene (IK International), Dictionary of Biotechnology (IK International) and Bioinformatics: Application in Life & Environmental Sciences (Springer publishers), Nanotechnology- Its Importance and application (IK International), Environmental Biotechnology (CRC Press & Science Publisher, USA), Bioremediation Technology- Recent Advances (Springer Publication). He has achieved the inclusion of his Biography in “The Marquis Who’s Who” in Science and Engineering USA in 1998; and “2000 outstanding Scientist of the 20th Century” in 2000, International Biographical Centre, Cambridge, England. He is also a member of New York Academy of Sciences, USA. He is well known nationally and internationally for his work on environment sciences / environmental biotechnology.

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Bioremediation of shrimp biowaste for recovery of industrially important chitin and carotenoids by ecofriendly processKandra Prameela, P V Smitha, R Srilatha, K P J Hemalatha*

GITAM University, India*Andhra University, India

Global shrimp production has grown over 100 fold in less than two decades. Environmental pollution causes due to dumping of thousand of litres of acids and alkalies in decomposition of shrimp biowaste. Two bacterial cultures were isolated from gut of shrimp (Peanus monodon) based on morphological examination and physiological tests. Isolated strains were identified as Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). The bacterial cultures were tested for degradation of shrimp biowaste. Fermentation of shrimp biowaste was conducted using LAB to select the

efficient starter culture based on pH reduction (4.2±0.1) and acid production. The effect of fermentation by LAB (Lactobacillus Plantarum) on the production of chitin as indicated by deproteinization and demifecneralization efficiency and recovery of carotenoids was also studied. Deproteinization of 87±0.2% and demineralization of 72.2±0.1% was achieved. The carotenoid recovery was 70%during fermentation.

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Modification of saccharam spontaneum – l fiber through graft copolymerization and its application as reinforcing agent in the preparation of biodegradable compositesRajeev Jindal, Balbir Singh and Mithu Maiti Dr B R A National Institute of Technology, India

In this paper, morphological modification through graft copolymerization of methylmethacrylate onto Saccharaum spontaneum–L, a natural fiber using ferrous ammonium sulphate – potassium per sulphate (FAS-KPS) as a redox initiator has been reported. Different reaction parameters like reaction temperature, time, initiator molar ratio, monomer concentration, pH and solvent were optimized to get maximum graft yield (144%). The graft copolymers thus formed were

characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD and TGA, DTA and DTG techniques. Graft copolymer has been found to be more moisture retardant and also showed higher chemical and thermal resistance. The graft copolymer prepared has been used as the reinforcing material for the preparation of green composites and their biodegradation studies were carried-out. Characterization of different biodegradation stages was carried out using FT-IR and SEM studies.

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Unraveling the role of cyanobacterial mats in the cleanup of oil pollutants using modern molecular and microsensor toolsRaeid M M AbedSultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman

Cyanobacterial mats have been observed to inhabit polluted sites and to develop remarkably well after oil spill incidents. Such mats covered large areas of the coasts of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia short after the Gulf War oil spills in 1991 and the mats-covered sites showed more recovery than those uncovered. This observation opened a new horizon of utlizing mat-indigenous microorganisms for bioremediation purposes. Using molecular tools such as dentauring gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and O2, pH and H2S microsensors, the diversity and activity of microorganisms were investigated under in situ oil pollution conditions. Degradation of oil derivatives by cyanobacterial mats was shown to be performed by microorganisms other than those normally obtained in cultures. Oil pollution was found to stimulate aerobic respiration and sulfate reduction in mats but inhibited photosynthesis. Mat samples from Saudi Arabia were rich in halophilic and thermophilic bacteria that degraded pristane and n-octadecane at salinities between 5 and 12% (w/v NaCl) and phenanthrene and

dibenzothiophene at salinities between 3.5 and 8%. The same compounds were degraded at temperatures up to 45°C. Biodegradation experiments demonstrated that aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, and not the cyanobacteria, to which they were always associated were the chief oil degraders in mats. However, the presence of cyanobacteria stimulated oil degradation by providing oil degraders with the necessary oxygen, fixed nitrogen and simple organics. We conclude that cyanobacterial mats contain consortia that are useful for bioremediation not only because of their richness in indigenous halophilic and thermophilic oil-degrading bacteria but also because of the continuous supply of limited nutrients by the cyanobacteria. The use of cyanobacterial consortia for bioremediation will circumvent the costly use of organic and inorganic fertilizers and their maintenance at large scale can take an advantage of the year-round availability of sunlight in the region.

BiographyDr. Raeid M. M. Abed is an assistant professor at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU),

Oman since September 2007. He completed his Ph.D. from the Max-Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology (MPIMM) in Bremen-Germany in 2001. After his PhD, he worked for 6 years at MPIMM as a research associate on different topics using state-of-art molecular and microsensor techniques to link the diversity of microorganisms to their function under in situ conditions. He published around 33 scientific papers in reputed peer-reviewed journals and 7 book chapters. Dr. Abed participated in 7 international scientific projects, supervised and cosupervised around 6 PhD and 16 master students and serves as a reviewer for several international journals.

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BIOTECHNOLOGY-2011

Posters

World Congress on Biotechnology21-23 March 2011 HICC, Hyderabad, India

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Bioremediation is an eco- friendly, cost-effective and natural technology targeted to remove heavy metals,

radio nuclides, xenobiotics compounds, organic waste, pesticides etc. from contaminated sites or industrial discharges through biological means. Bioremediation is the use of microorganismal metabolism to remove pollutants. Technologies can be generally classified as in situ or ex situ. In situ bioremediation involves treating the contaminated material at the site, while ex situ involves the removal of the contaminated material to be treated elsewhere. Some examples of bioremediation technologies are bioventing, bioleaching, landfarming, bioreactor, composting, bioaugmentation, rhizofiltration and biostimulation.

Bioremediation can occur on its own (natural attenuation or intrinsic bioremediation) or can be spurred on via the addition of fertilizers to increase the bioavailability within the medium (biostimulation). Recent advancements have also proven successful via the addition of matched microbe strains to the medium to enhance the resident microbe population's ability to break down contaminants. Microorganisms used to perform the function of bioremediation are known as Bioremediators.(bioaugmentation).

The rapid expansion and increasing sophistication of various industries in the past century has remarkably increased the amount and complexity of toxic waste effluents, which may be bioremediated by suitable plants & microbes, either natural occurring or tailor-made for the specific purpose. This technology is termed as bioremediation. Bioremediation process involves detoxification, where the waste is made less toxic, and mineralization, where the waste material is converted into inorganic compounds such as carbon dioxide, water and methane.

In this technology, higher plants or microbes are used alone or in combination for phyto extraction of heavy metals from metal contaminated sites. Through microbial interventions, either the metals are immobilized or mobilized through redox conversions at contaminated sites. If mobilized, metal accumulating plants are put in place to accumulate metals in their body. Then after, metal-loaded plants are harvested and incinerated to reduce the volume of waste and then disposed off as hazardous materials or used for recovery of precious metals, if possible. In case of immobilization, metals are no longer available to be toxic to organisms.

Bioremediation TechnologiesS. V. Reshma, S. Spandana and M. Sowmya GITAM University, India

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Bioremediation of marine oil spills has become a very practical approach to oil spill cleanup efforts

in recent years. The tragic Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989, informed the United States of the lack of preparedness the oil industry and country had in such remediation situations. This catastrophe did however spark further research into the use of bioremediation for marine oil spills, which has proved to be an effective method. Bioremediation for marine oil spills can be approached in two different ways depending on the case at hand. This

includes bioaugmentation which involves introducing oil degrading microorganisms to the affected site, and also biostimulation which involves adding supplemental nutrients to the affected site to aid the existing oil degrading microorganisms. Although bioremediation is a new technology, there is continuous research underway which is investigating the practicality and efficiency of this process. There have been downsides found for using bioremediation for marine oil spills, however there are many benefits which make this a feasible technology.

Bioremediation of Marine Oil SpillsT. Archana and N.Sri KiranmaiGITAM University, India

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Dye effluents and metal effluents pose severe environmental hazards because of their high COD,

heavy metal content, color and toxicity. Bioremediation of these effluents have been widely attempted. The objective of the study is, to decolorize the dye effluents and to degrade the contaminants present in the effluent and to minimize the COD, BOD, TSS below standard limits, by using fungal biomass isolated from the contaminating samples.

The dye effluent samples collected characterizes a high COD of 900 mg/L, high TDS of 1340 mg/L, hardness as CaCO3 240 mg/L, highly alkaline pH 8.6 and highly objectionable color and toxicity. The predominant indigenous organism present in the samples was isolated and identified as Aspergilus niger. It used to conduct treatability studies. The characteristics of the effective

trial were utilized in bioreactor studies. Three types of lab scale reactors were designed 1) Slurry phase bioreactor 2) Anoxic up-flow immobilized fungal column reactor. 3) Immobilized Trickled bed reactor. These reactors were recently used and found efficient in the reduction of COD, BOD, TSS, color, heavy metal content and toxicity of dye and metal effluents. The treatment efficiency of the reactors in minimizing the COD, BOD, TSS, color, heavy metal content and toxicity was validated under optimized conditions. All the three reactors proved efficient in achieving 85(+ or -)5 % efficiency. Thus the present study can evolve as an efficient strategy to replace the less eco-friendly physicochemical approaches and also provides a better insight into the field of bioremediation.

Bioremediation of dye effluent and contaminated soilsS N Prabhu Kumar and A K PriyaThiagarajar College of Engineering, India

Biography1. M.TECH ENVIRONMENTAL ENGG. STUDENT, IInd YEAR, THIAGARAJAR

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CIVIL DEPARTMENT.

2. LECTURER, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CIVIL DEPARTMENT

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Microbes are wonderful organisms which contribute more to the environment by playing

vital role in Biodegradation and Bioremediation technology. Bacterial alkaline Pectinases repose on varied applications in fruit juice processing industry at different phases as juice clarifiers, colour and yield enhancers, in fruit mashing, in Bio scouring and as peel removers. Pectinases build upon to tierce of world enzyme production. This study aims at isolation of such Pectinolytic bacteria with a prominent status in research and for their commercial application. Bacteria are used for the production keeping in view the incontestable fact that they posses dissipated growth. Food and food by-products processed industrial waste acts as a low-priced substrate owing to a potential economical process. Soil

samples from various fruit industrial waste are screened for Pectinolytic bacteria. Isolated strains are improved by Recombinant DNA technology for commercialization. Different carbon and nitrogen sources are adopted in production media to identify the maximum conceding substrate. Assay for the pectinase enzyme was carried out for further characterisation of the enzyme and bacteria. Clarification and crystallization was done for the isolated pectinase enzyme and different optimal conditions are provided to enhance the growth conditions for these Pectinolytic bacteria. Tentative identification reveals that it is a Bacillus sps. Purification of Pectinase was carried out. Structural analysis is exercised using Bio-informatics tools to validate the present study.

Production, mechanistic characterization and properties of Pectinases from Bacillus sps. isolated from fruit industrial waste. Prathusha K and Suneetha VVIT University, India

BiographyDr.V.Suneetha, senior assistant professor (industrial biotech division) in SBST at VIT

University has completed her PhD from SPMVV (Andhra Pradesh) and Post doctoral work in UK and NUS. She published 27 papers in National and International journals and presented 55 papers in various Conferences. She worked out on about 75 B.Tech and 15 M.Tech projects and has got two PhD students working under her guidance. She is the faculty coordinator and programme officer for Youth Red Cross Chapter at VIT University. Recognizing her zeal for science she has been awarded as Young Scientist of The Year in 2010 by DST

. Prathyusha k is a student of Masters of Science in Biotechnology at VIT University, Vellore, and Tamil-Nadu. Has Secured gold medal in under graduation for academic excellence and overall performance, Possesing a good zeal in constant learning and research.she communicated two papers in reputed journals.

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The paper and pulp industry effluent is loaded with organic compounds and inorganic salts.Such highly

toxic effluents are traditionally dumped in the channels or released in the nearby water reservoir. Some of the industrial effluents are being treated using the easiest and cheapest physic-chemical methods. These methods of effluent treatment cannot produce the environmentally safe water that can be recycled to cultivated lands or safely released to aquatic systems. Hence, last two decades the scientific community is interested to develop efficient biological methods of waste water treatments. Micro-organisms clean up the industrial water by means of

their enzymatic machineries. Screening and isolation of efficient micro-flora from industrial effluent may serve good resource pool for the different enzymes responsible for the bioremediation. Present study was focussed on the isolation of microorganisms from the local paper and pulp industry (Laxmi Venkatesha paper) .Bacterial isolates were identified up to genus level by performing biochemical tests. Isolated Bacillus sp. was found efficient for the effluent treatment. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, color, odor, TSS, TDS, DO, COD and BOD of effluent were studied after collection.

Potential of Bacillus sp. Isolated from the paper industry effluent for the waste water treatmentKomal S Gomare and G GyananathCollege of computer science and Technology (COCSIT), India

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Removal of hydrogen sulphide from the petroleum refinery waste water was carried out with the

help of a bio reactor where the microbial method of treatment was followed. In the present work, two types of sulfur oxidizing bacteria such as, Pseudomonas Sp. and Thobacillus Sp. were compared. It was observed that Thiobacillus Sp. has higher efficiency compared to Pseudomonas sp. The growth of Thiobacillus Sp. was carried out in the fermentor at operating conditions of

temperature 42°C and pH 6.5 with dissolved oxygen rate of 64. Immobilization was carried out using calcium alginate as a packing material in packed bed reactor (PBR). The concentration of hydrogen sulphide decreased to maximum extent from 394 mg/l to 44 mg/l which was determined by methylene blue method. Hydrogen sulphide removal efficiency 88-89% was achieved 3 days operation. Kinetic studies are being carried out.

Removal of hydrogen sulphide from petroleum wastewater using microbial technologyKarthikeyan M and Lakshmanan DAnna University, India

BiographyM.Karthikeyan, studying M.Tech Department of Chemical Engineering at Anna University

Chennai. I have participated more than five International and National Conferences. In that two paper presentation I won second prize

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Petrochemical Industry is the fastest growing industry manufacturing variety of chemicals. The

waste generated during the manufacturing of the basic chemicals is of prime concern to the Environmentalist. The waste is commonly found to contain complex organic compounds including metals. Inspite of the present treatment technology involving physico-chemical and biological processes, the petrochemical waste disposal site found to contain persistent toxic organic compounds. Thus, the recent advances in bioremediation for the treatment of persistent organic pollutants will be highly significant. In the present research study, the potential source of micro-organisms have been assessed for effective and efficient remediation

of toxic organic compounds. The petrochemical waste disposal site have been characterized for physico-chemical and microbial analysis to assess the potential adapted micro-organisms. The microbial consortium developed and potential micro-organisms specific to remediation of the toxic compounds have also been identified using scale-up process technique. The potential micro-organisms will be versatile source for remediation of persistent toxic compounds. Further, the identification of gene from the potential micro-organism for a specific compound would be beneficial to develop the recombinant Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) for the bioremediation of complex waste generated by petrochemical industry.

Bioremediation of petrochemical waste- Recent advances M H Fulekar, Tanvi Godambe and Sheetal KoulUniversity of Mumbai, India

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As a result of rapid urbanisation and increasing population there has been a shortage of good

quality water for drinking and irrigation purpose which is a growing phenomenon in many arid and semi-arid countries. Hyderabad, one of India’s largest cities, disposes large amounts of its sewage, industrial, and hospitals waste untreated into the Musi River, is used for irrigation, potable water supply and domestic use. This poses potential negative consequences to public health and agricultural sustainability. Solid phase, microbiological and geochemical analysis of soil and water samples collected from Musi River and bore wells have been conducted in conjunction with health

assessment surveys to assess the common water borne diseases affecting the health of local people. Results thus obtained in our preliminary biogeochemical analysis of contaminants and health assessment survey will be presented in this paper. Biogeochemical knowledge generated in the first phase of research will be used as the valuable priori information in second phase research work. In the second phase, main emphasis will be given on designing remediation strategies, biogeophysical monitoring of natural and engineered bioremediation of contaminants and understanding the mechanism of biogeophysical responses associated with microbial processes in laboratory and field scales.

Preliminary biogeochemical study of Musi River and ground water for designing strategies for bioremediation of contaminantsKushal P Singh, Preethi V and Shakeel Ahmed

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We screened out the potential of tolerance of different cyanobacterial species for organic compounds

like benzene, toluene , xylene and p-nitrophenol. As PSII is the target of most stress in cyanobacteria, we have tried to improve the sensitivity of whole cells of cyanobacteria, spheroplasts and thylakoidal fragments. This study provides a comparative study of the effects of organic compounds on the growth, bioenergetic studies, nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, antioxidant activities untreated control and organic compound - acclimated filamentous nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, Anabaena cylindrica. We also performed oxygen evolution properties using Clarke’s type oxy electrode for the comparison of activity in free cell stage. We recorded

the changes in their spectral properties, and chlorophyll a concentrations in the presence of organic compounds. We recorded the blue shifting of chlorophyll fluorescence under organic stress. Changes in all the studied parameters, was found and the enhancement of pigments like phycocyanin and carotenoids were found being greater in control than acclimated cells. As compared to control, acclimated Anabaena showed higher changes in their biological activities. The anti oxidant studies revealed the usefulness of these cyanobacteria towards cosmetic industries. This investigation indicative that the cyanobacteria can be used as a biosensor to detect the organic pollutants in water.

Stability and growth of hetrocystous cyanobacteria under organic compound treatementSoumya K K and Shanthy SundaramUniversity of Allahabad, India

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Chlorinated nitroaromatic compounds are persistence environmental pollutants and introduced into the environment through industrial discharges, agricultural uses or improper waste disposal practices. These compounds are used in drugs, herbicides, pesticides, dyes, lumber preservatives, antioxidants, gasoline additives, corrosion inhibitors and other industrial chemicals. Examples of these compounds are chloronitrobenzenes, chloronitrophenols and chloronitrobenzoic acids. A number of chlorinated nitroaromatic compounds are toxic to living beings and adversely affect to human health due to their hematotoxicity, immunotoxicity, splenotoxicity, genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity. United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has listed chlorinated nitroaromatic

compounds as ‘priority pollutants’. Chlorinated nitroaromatic compounds are considered recalcitrant to microbial degradation due to electron withdrawing properties of chloro and nitro groups, therefore, a limited number of bacteria that utilized chlorinated nitroaromatic compounds as a sole source of carbon and energy could be isolated. However, few bacteria adopt detoxification mechanism to minimize the toxic effects of chlorinated nitroaromatic compounds and transform highly toxic chlorinated nitroaromatic compounds into less toxic compounds. The mechanism of detoxification initiates with reduction of nitro group of a chlorinated nitroaromatic compound and further proceeds via acetylation of reduced product. This mechanism of detoxification was observed in biotransformation of chloronitrobenzene and chloronitrophenol.

Detoxification and Biotransformation of Chlorinated Nitroaromatic Compounds by BacteriaPankaj Kumar AroraInstitute of Microbial Technology, India

BiographyHe had worked as an Assistant professor in the department of Botany in J. S. Hindu

Post-Graduate Degree College, Amroha, Uttar Pradesh after qualifying prestigious CSIR-UGC-NET exam. After two years of teaching experience, he has moved to research and joined Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh as a Research Scholar. He was awarded Junior Research Fellowship and Senior Research Fellowship by the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), India. During his PhD, he did work on microbial degradation of chlorinated nitroaromatic compounds. He has a few good publications in area of Environmental sciences in a short span of time and act as a reviewer for several reputed journals.

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Phenol is a highly toxic and carcinogenic compound and its biodegradation is very important to meet

the environmental regulations. The removal efficiency of phenol from aqueous solutions was determined using Pseudomonas pseudomallei. The influence on biodegradation of phenol were studied using six different carbon sources namely galactose, mannitol, mannose,

raffinose, fructose and maltose with the concentrations ranging 0.0 to 1.0 g/l. It has been noted that fructose has enhanced the affinity of P. pseudomallei for phenol at a concentration of 0.4 g/l. The percentage of phenol degradation was 84.23 when fructose was supplemented with an optimum of 0.4 g/l as an additional carbon source.

Enhanced biodegradation of phenol by Pseudomonas pseudomallei with additional carbon sourcesB.Nagamani, M.V.V.Chandana Lakshmi and V.SrideviAndhra University, Visakhapatnam

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BiotechnologyAttenuation of the heavy metals present in the mill tailings of kolar gold fields (kgf)Gowrang More, Roshan Kumar and Muralidhar Talked*The Oxford College of Science, HSR Layout Campus, India*Dayananda Sagar College of Biological Sciences, India

Pollution of different environments is due to human activities in recent years. Heavy metals become

toxic when they are not metabolized by the body and accumulate in the soft tissues.

Industrial exposure accounts for a common route of exposure for adults. The presence of heavy metals in our environment had been of great concern because of their toxicity when their concentration is more than the permissible level.

In Karnataka state KGFs are believed to be the 2nd deepest gold mines in the world; there are 32 million tones of mill tailings spread in the mine area. These dumps primarily contain the heavy metals and cyanide compounds which became our concern causing the health problems in the habitats and contaminating the ground water.

Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS)

technique was used for the determination of heavy metals in the mill tailings. Project protocol were - Sample I: Dump without plantation. Sample II: Dump with plants (Eucalyptus and Agave). Sample III : Raw material dumped.

The attenuation of arsenic (As) was seen as, 20% decrease from sample III to sample I and 86.8% from sample I to sample II. The attenuation of Lead (Pb) was seen as, 94.33%% decrease from sample III to sample I and 33% from sample I to sample II. The attenuation of Zinc (Zn) was seen as, 152.7% decrease from sample III to sample I and 158.3% from sample I to sample II. The attenuation of Nickel (Ni) was seen as, 0% from sample III to sample I and 28% from sample I to sample II. The attenuation of Cobalt (Co) was seen as, 16.66% decrease from sample III to sample I and 20% from sample I to sample II. It was also observed that the attenuation of these heavy metals took place with time along with vegetation.

BiographyDr Muralidhar.S.Talkad has completed his Ph.D from Bangalore University, working as

a professor, Post Graduate Dept of Biotechnology and Applied Genetics, Dayananda Sagar College of biological Sciences.

Bangalore. Aged 46 years and his field of expertise were Biotechnology, Pharmacology and Toxicology which renders a competitive organizational growth in Teaching, R&D & New Herbal Drug Development. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and serving as an editorial board member of repute.

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BiotechnologyRemediation of oil spills using biosurfactant obtained from Pseudomonas putidaM.Karthikeyan and K.V.RadhaAnna University, India

Even though petroleum products are the major source of energy for industry as well as day today life, it also

poses major concern over hydrocarbon release during its production. These are released into soil, air and water which posses a great danger to the natural habitats. The oil spills from marine water are treated using bioremediation methods as it is one of the promising technologies in future. In our study bioremediation was carried out using microorganisms of Pseudomonas species namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida. Out of these the effective

strain was found to be Pseudomonas putida which gave a degradation capacity of 87%.Pseudomonas putida produced biosurfactant which was the initiative to degrade the oil spills at a time around 42-50 hrs.For enhancing the biosurfactant production and growth, glycerol was given as a carbon source (3%).Operation parameters including pH, temperature were studied and found to be 6.5 and 330C respectively. Testing was done for biodegradation using blue agar plate method and emulsification index method which gave a 76 % reduction.

BiographyM.Karthikeyan studying M.Tech in the department of chemical engineering at Anna

University-Chennai. I have been sited on my project work done in various industries like Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Dalmia Bharat Cements, Tamilnadu Arasu Cements and Trichy Distilleries and Chemicals.

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Traditionally, the contaminated sites are treated by physical and chemical methods, which

are often difficult to execute, costly and not eco-friendly. Microbial degradation of chemicals in the environment is an important way to remove the environmentally harmful compounds. Nitro aromatic compounds are raw materials for synthesis of pesticides, pharmaceuticals and plastics. Wide use of these nitro aromatic compounds and their subsequent release leads to environmental pollution. Para-nitro phenol (PNP) is among one such compound found in many different environments. In the present study, we collected the soil at kanchikacharla paddy fields area contaminant with PNP. The soil was serially diluted up to 10-7 and 0.1ml of sample was spread on to 0.5mM PNP minimal media

plate and incubated at 370 C. After 3 days of incubation PNP degrading colony was isolated. The organism was identified by16 S rRNA sequencing as Pseudomonas aeuroginosa. The growth kinetics of the organism and PNP degradation were tested at different concentrations of 0.5mM, 0.75mM & 1mM PNP. The growth rate was measured at 600nm shows maximum 0.179 OD value at 60th hour and the degradation of PNP values were 0.162, 0.171 and 0.179mM for 0.5mM, 0.75mM and 1mM respectively. This study facilitated the isolation of organism naturally degrading organism in the micro environment and further studies to isolate genes/enzymes responsible for degradation of nitro aromatic compounds is under study.

Biodegradation of para-nitrophenol by Pseudomonas aeruginosaM S S Swamy, S Bhami Reddy, V R L Sharlotte, A Priyanka and K D SowjanyaK L University, India

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Pullulan is a unique exopolysacharides of yeast like fungal origin with many useful traits and hundreds

of patented applications. However, despite the fact that pullulan has been in commercial production for more than 25 years, few of these potential uses have been widely adopted. In large part this may be due to the relatively high price of pullulan. Due to its non-toxic, non-immunogenic, non-mutagenic and non-carcinogenic nature recently there is an attempt to explore this polysaccharide for various biomedical applications including targeted drug and gene delivery and surface modification. This biopolymer improves the shelf life of the food as it is not a readily assimilable carbon source for bacteria, molds and fungi responsible for spoilage of food. The oxygen resistance of pullulan films is suitable for protection of readily oxidized fats

and vitamins in food. The present study was carried out to isolate effective pullulan producing strains of Aureobasidium pullulans from plant leaves like Mangifera indica, Ficus benghalensis and Azhadiracta indica and vegetables like beans and cabbage wastes . Various potential strains from these samples were screened and characterized. The optimization of the medium for pullulan production considering different carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperature and pH was carried out in the study. The total carbohydrate content of pullulan produced from the culture was estimated using phenol sulphuric acid method. The confirmation and purification of exopolysaccharide was performed by thin layer chromatography using pullulan from Sigma, U.S.A as standard.

Production of Exo-polysacharides from agricultural wastes for food and biomedical applicationBishwambhar Mishra, Kalyani Rath, Apoorvi ChaudhriVIT-University, India

BiographyI am Bishwambhar Mishra doing my Doctoral degree from VIT University, Vellore.I

have completed my B-Tech, Biotechnology from the same university and am well endowed with practical knowledge with prompt willingness and interest in science am pursuing my research on pullulan from microbial sources.

This is Kalyani Rath of M-Tech, Biotechnology from VIT University, Vellore. I have completed my B-Tech, Biotechnology degree from the same university and with more zeal in science am working in the field of industrial and food Microbiology.

This is Apoorvi Chaudhri doing my B-Tech,Biotechnology at VIT-University,Vellore.

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