3G UMTS Radio Network Planning 20071115

3G UMTS overview &RF Planning

Vinod BHOOSHAN

November, 16th 2007

2 | WCDMA Architecture | December 2006 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####

Agenda

1. Introduction to UMTS & Architecture

2. WCDMA overview

3. Radio environment

4. UTRAN overall dimensioning process

5. Radio Network Planning Process

6. Radio Frequency Aspects & GSM/UMTS Co-siting

7. HSDPA overview


Introduction to UMTS & Architecture


UTRA - UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access

2 modes:

W-CDMA FDD mode for the paired bandy uplink and downlink are separated in frequency

TD-CDMA TDD mode for the unpaired bandy uplink and downlink are separated in timey flexible time duration for uplink and downlink for asymmetrical traffic

FDD Mode

FUL/DL

TDD Mode

1900 1920 1980

FDD ULTDD UL/D

L

TDD UL/DL

MSSUL

2010 2025

MSSDL

2110 2170 2200

FDD DL

FUL

FDL


UTRA FDD - Characteristics

W-CDMA multiple access

Frequency band Region 1 (Europe)

Uplink: 1920-1980 MHz Downlink: 2110-2170 MHz

Carrier Bandwidth

2x5 MHz (theor. occupied bandwidth=Chiprate 3,84 Mcps) Services

Both circuit and packet data and asymmetric bitrates User bitrate up to 384 kbit/s

FDD foreseen for Macro- and Microcellular coverage


UMTS Radio Access Network

Internet

CoreNetwork

RNC

RNCISDN

Node B

Node B

Radio AccessNetwork

Node BNode B

Node B

Node B

IubIu

Iur


Introduction UTRAN Architecture

Circuit CoreNetwork

IPNetwork

2G/3G GGSN3G SGSN

GPRSbackbone

3G MSC/VLR

RNC

Node IIu(PS)RNC

Node B with RRU

Node B

Iub

Uu

Iur

Iu(CS)


UMTS radio access network

Node B

Node BIur

UTRAN

RNC

RNC

Node B

Node B

Iub

RNS

RNS


Iu Node By radio station like the BTS in GSM.

RNC-Radio Network Controller

y controls radio resources of several Node Bsy supports the Iu interface to the core network

RNS-Radio Network Subsystem

y like BSS in GSM


UMTS radio access network interfaces

Node B

Node BIur

UTRAN

RNC

RNC

Node B

Node B

Iub

RNS

RNS


Iu Iur interfacey logical interface between RNCsy basic inter RNC mobility (e.g. soft

handover)

Iub interface

y interface between RNC and Node B


WCDMA overview


Multiple Access Techniques

FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access

uses band pass for carrier signal which are non-overlapping in the frequency domain

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

carrier signals are non overlapping in the time domain

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

spreads the signal over the entire available bandwidth by using codes with good

correlation properties

FFrreeqquueennccyy

TTiimm ee

PPoowweerr

OO nnee UUsseerr

FFrreeqquueennccyy

TTiimm ee

PPoowweerr

UUsseerr

Power

Time

Frequency

One User

Carrier 1 Carrier 2


W-CDMA

W-CDMA = Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

Users are separated with code sequences (spreading/de-spreading technique)

All users are transmitting simultaneously on the same frequency

In FDD mode, different frequencies are used on uplink and downlink


Spread spectrum technique

The user bits are coded with a unique sequence (code).

The bits of the code are called chips and the chip rate is higher than the user bit rate

Time

Domain

Bandwidth = 3.84 Mhz for UMTS

Code Ci(t)

Resulting spread signal

Di (t) = Si (t) x Ci(t)Bit1 Bit2

Source signal Si (t)

before spreading

Frequency

DomainNarrowband signal

Bit Rate =Rb

Chip Rate =Rc = 3.84 Mcps in UMTS

Chip Rate =RcSpreading Factor

SF =Rc/Rb


Spreading

SPREADING


Own and other signals


Despreading

DESPREADING


Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

[1 1 -1 1 -1] [1 -1 -1 -1 1]

Spread Chip Sequence

c

s

TTL =Spreading Factor

Spreading Chips

+1

-1Symbol

+1

-1 -1 -1 -1

Ts

Tc


Spreading / Despreading

In the receiving path, de-spreading is achieved by auto-correlation with the same code

Due to low cross-correlation properties with other codes, the received signal energy is increased compared to noise and other signal interference

The gain due to despreading is called processing gain

Example for 12.2 AMR speech:

dBkbpskcps

RateBitUserRateChipPG 2575.314

2.123840 ====


Spreading and scrambling codes

Spreading codes (channelization codes)

y used to differentiate mobiles and servicesy different lengths (spreading factor) according to service in UMTSy Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) in UMTS

Scrambling codes

y used to differentiate un-synchronized codes (from other UEs or Node-Bs)y 1 scrambling code per sector on downlinky PN code family in UMTS

DL

UL UEDescrambling Despreading

SpreadingOVSF

(Service identifier)

ScramblingPN

(User identifier)

Node B

SpreadingOVSF

(Service/ user identifier)

ScramblingPN

(Cell identifier)

DescramblingDespreading


Spreading codes: OVSF code tree

1c4,1=

c4,2=

c4,3=

c4,4=

c2,1=

c2,2=

c1,1= 1

1 1

1 -1

11

1 1

1 -1

1 -1

reverse

copy 1 1copy

reverse-1 -1

1 -1

-1 1reverse

SF= 4SF= 1 SF= 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1

1 1 1 1-1 -1 -1 -1

1 1 1 1-1 -1 -1 -1

1 1-1 -1 1 1-1 -1

1 1-1 -1 1 1-1-1

1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1

1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -11

Up to SF=256


OVSF : Orthogonality property

1c4,1=

c4,2=

c4,3=

c4,4=

c2,1=

c2,2=

c1,1= 1

1 1

1 -1

11

1 1

1 -1

1 -1

1 1

-1 -1

1 -1

-1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1

1 1 1 1-1 -1 -1 -1

1 1 1 1-1 -1 -1 -1

1 1-1 -1 1 1-1 -1

1 1-1 -1 1 1-1-1

1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1

1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -11Codes free

Codes used


RNCSC#0SC#1

SC#2

NodeB

NodeB

SC#128SC#129

SC#130

SC: Scrambling Code

Downlink Scrambling Code

Downlink scrambling code

y One code per cell (sector/carrier) : Configurable by operatory 512 codes


Radio environment


UMTS Radio EnvironmentPropagation model

o No special propagation model currently used for broadband signals at 2GHz

o Standard propagation model based on Hata-Okumura model for macrocellular

y COST-HATA is only valid for 1500-2000 MHzy Calibration of morpho correction factors required

o ITU is defining a new propagation model which will be valid for 30-3000 MHz with a particular attention to 2GHz range


Overall processInputs: WCDMA Radio parameters

W-CDMA parameters

such as UL cell loading, Common channel power, orthogonality factor Eb/No and sensitivity values for each service and required QoS

Radio parameters

Gains, margins and losses (shadowing, body losses, soft-handover gain ) Propagation models


Overall processKey dimensioning parameters (1/3)

Environment

Dense urban, urban, suburban, rural => impact on propagation models at 2 GHz

Multi-path channel model (Vehicular A for macrocell deployment) and mobile speed (3km/h, 50km/h )

=> impact on Eb/No and fast fading margins in link budget

Coverage objectives

Coverage probability => impact on shadowing margin in link budget

Wall penetration (deep or light indoor, incar, outdoor)=> impact on penetration margin in link budget



Service offer strategy

Offered services (bit rate) Quality (required BLER)=> impact on Eb/No and sensitivity values in link budget

W-CDMA parameters

Eb/No, sensitivity figures Mobile power classes (21, 24 dBm) Soft-handoff gains Other cell to intra-cell interference ratios Downlink orthogonality factor Max allowable cell load



Critical parameters that strongly affects the design results:

penetration margin (from 0 to 22dB) Offered service (from 128kbps to 384kbps, double the number of sites

Propagation model parameters (morpho correction factor Kc)

Probability of coverage (90, 95%)

Mobile transmit power (21 or 24 dBm)

Max allowable UL cell load (e.g. 65%)

Implementation margin for Eb/No (1dB)

Multipath channel model (Vehicular or Pedestrian) and speed (3-120km/h)


n

o

UE 1

UE 2

Before despreading After despreading

Near-Far-Problem

Up to around 80 dB attenuation between UE1 and UE2 If UE1 and UE2 transmitted with the same power, UE1 would jam UE2 : so-

called near-far effect

Solution : power control Need for an efficient power control able to fight against slow AND fast

fading!


Power Control

TX Power is adjusted regularly so that each connection is received with the required Eb/Nt of its service

Uplink: Avoid Near-Far-Problem Downlink: Power share allocation

Policy: No one gets a higher quality (Eb/Nt) than he needs. Everyone gets exactly the required quality or is not served at all

no unnecessary increase of interference for other mobiles no waste of common power resource in the downlink


Cell breathing

Considering the limitation of maximal transmit power, the increase of required received power due to high traffic will lead to decrease the cell range

The cell coverage decreases when the traffic increases : so-called cell breathing phenomenon

Coverage and capacity are linked in CDMA systems


Cell breathing

Load in the cell increases (increased number of subscribers, or higher transfer data rates)

Power and the noise level will grow and finally hinder communication.

Node B will decrease power per user reduction of coverage area

The RET will partly compensate cell breathing effect by changing the tilt

Then RET saves sites

What is cell breathing ? It is variable coverage due to increased load and noise

How ?


CDMA Uplink capacity

CDMA uplink capacity depends on the service bit rate, required Eb/No, load (interference) level =>Theory of Pole point formula (pole capacity) in monoservice

Soft capacity : if a cell is surrounded by lower loaded cells, this cell can support a higher number of users

1 11 b b

o

XNE RF

N W

= + +

N : number of simultaneous users per

sector

F : ratio between intracell and extracell

interference

X : cell load level (related to noise rise)


Interference level as a function of capacity

0 5

10 15 20 25 30 35

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Cell loading (%)

50% of cell load(3dB of interference)

max loading : 75%

Interference level (dB)

)1log(10 ULXNoiseRise =

Note:For cell load above 75 %, the system gets unstable

Uplink Cell load (monoservice)

The UL cell load is directly linked to the so called Noise Rise or interference level

100 % UL cell load means infinite mobile power required

monoservice


UTRAN overall dimensioning process


Overall methodology

Coverage-based dimensioningy Based on the UL part of the Link Budgety Increase the number of sites if dimensioning is capacity-based

Capacity-based dimensioningy UL Load Radio UL capacityy PA Radio DL capacityy TRM Codes DL capacityy CEM CEM UL/DL capacity

If required, reduce or increase the loading and iterate

Number of sites

Base Station H/W Configuration


Link Budget Example

Speech CS64 PS64 PS64 with HSDPAService Bit Rate kbps 12.20 64.00 64.00 64.00

Target Eb/No dB 4.30 1.50 1.40 3.30Target C/I dB -20.68 -16.28 -16.38 -14.48

Node-B Noise Figure dB 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50Node-B Noise Figure with TMA dB 2.36 2.36 2.36 2.36

Node-B Sensitivity dBm -126.34 -121.94 -122.04 -120.14Node-B Sensitivity with TMA dBm -126.48 -122.08 -122.18 -120.28

Antenna Gain dBi 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00Cable & Connector Losses dB 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50

Cable & Connector Losses with TMA dB 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Body Loss dB 3.00 3.00 1.50 1.50

Additional Losses dB 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cell area coverage probability % 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95Outdoor Shadowing standard deviation dB 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00Indoor penetration standard deviation dB 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Overall standard deviation dB 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00Shadowing Margin dB 4.65 4.65 4.65 4.65Fast Fading Margin dB 1.70 4.30 0.60 0.60Penetration Margin dB 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00

Cell Load % 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50Noise Rise dB 3.01 3.01 3.01 3.01

Interference Margin dB 2.97 2.91 2.91 2.86

UE Max Transmit Power dBm 21.00 21.00 21.00 24.00UE Antenna Gain (UL diversity) dBi 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

MAPL without TMA dB 131.51 124.58 129.88 131.03Cell Range without TMA km 0.74 0.47 0.66 0.72

Nsites without TMA (1000km) 943.00 2304.00 1164.00 1004.00


xCEM capacity figures with bi-dimension model

Bi-dimension model for xCEM:


RNC Dimensioning


RadioNetwork Planning Process


WCDMA Radio Network Planning ProcessAlcatel-Lucents Tool A9155

Alcatel-Lucent uses A9155 (based on Atoll from Forsk)

A key advantage associated with this tool lies inthe full flexibility to change computationalgorithms and settings as required

A9155 is fully aligned with Alcatel-Lucentsproducts and engineering tool chain

y Interface compatible with Alcatel-Lucents OMC-Ry Alcatel-Lucent customers can fully benefit from this

tool since it is included in Alcatel-Lucents productportfolio

y Many customers already use A9155.


WCDMA Radio Network Planning ProcessInputs Required

RNP requires a set of inputs, in additionto those required for the Radio NetworkDimensioning stage, including:

Topology, morphology and trafficinformation

Site co-ordinates, heights, tilts,patterns and azimuths.

Morphology Clutter Database

Topology Digital Elevation MapTraffic Maps


WCDMA Radio Network Planning ProcessRNP Coverage Predictions (2/2)

Acceptable coverage is defined by severalrequirements that should be satisfied withinthe design coverage area:

CPICH RSCP CPICH Ec/Io -15 dB (based on field experience) Service Eb/No in DL UE service Eb/No for the target BLER Service Eb/No in UL Node-B service Eb/No

for the target BLER

HSDPA & HSUPA throughput Soft Handover status (for information purposes)


WCDMA Radio Network Planning ProcessRAN acceptance procedure

Radio commissioning of a cluster

Check of bearer coverage in moving conditions and in loaded context. Cluster loaded to check the quality of service as if several customer were

using some 3G services

y 70% power load in DL (OCNS)y 50% cell load in UL (3dB noise rise thanks to attenuator on UL path of the UE)

Drive test performed to checky Radio service quality of the bearery Track interference problems (Pilot pollution)y Coverage holesy Missing neighbours


WCDMA Radio Network Planning ProcessFixed load Predictions (1/2)


WCDMA Radio Network Planning ProcessFixed load Predictions (2/2)


WCDMA Radio Network Planning ProcessPrediction Examples: CPICH RSCP Coverage (1/5)

In Red :CS64 CPICH w/o TMA

In Green :CS64 CPICH w/ TMA

In Yellow :Speech CPICH

w/o TMA

In Blue :Speech CPICH

w/ TMA


WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process Predictions Examples: CPICH Ec/Io Coverage (2/5)

CPICH Ec/Io Threshold = -15dB


WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process Predictions Examples: UL / DL Speech Coverage (3/5)


WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process Predictions Examples: UL / DL CS64 Coverage (4/5)


WCDMA Radio Network Planning ProcessPredictions Examples: UL / DL PS384 Coverage (5/5)


WCDMA Radio Network Planning ProcessRNP Network Simulations (1/2)

Objective: To account for:

The dynamic nature of the interactions betweenusers (through iterative power control simulations)

and the typically non-uniform distribution of the traffic between sites (defined by the traffic map)

Uniform loading assumptions implicit with simple predictions studies Two common types of RNP network simulation studies that are performed:

Load Distribution Simulation Studies for estimating the UL and DL loading on a per cell basis (to facilitate enhanced predictions studies)

Detailed Simulation Studies to assess the network performance in a more rigorous manner in terms of call failures, hotspot analysis, radio feature evolution, rollout analysis


WCDMA Radio Network Planning ProcessSimulation Examples (1/2)

Based on Monte Carlo analysis

Random distribution of the users over the network according to a traffic map

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150 151 152

1

6

9

1

7

0

150 151 152

169170

User 759Service: PS64Mobility: 3 km/hTerminal: MobileActivity: Active UL


WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process Simulation Examples: Call Connections & Failures (2/2)

For each simulatedmobile:

Mobile Status : connectedUL, DL or not connected

Reason for Call Failure Mobile Power Active set status

Allows the identificationof hotspot locations thatare suffering performanceproblems facilitating targeted fine tuning of the design (add sites, carriers, features, etc).


WCDMA Radio Network Planning ProcessExample RNP Benefits

This Radio Network Planning illustrates clearly a lack of sites in several areas of the network. This is mainly due to the huge inter-site distance

As the coverage is limited in Uplink, these results could be improved by introducing TMA in most of the sites and thus decrease the required number of Node Bs

1800m

2100m


WCDMA Radio Network Planning ProcessSummary

The Radio Network Planning process for WCDMA does not redo the designderived from the radio network dimensioning process

Serves rather to enhance and refine the design Accounts for field constraints such as topology, morphology and traffic

distribution

Site positions, antenna heights, antenna tilts can be optimized

Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations can be used to better model the dynamic system behaviour and account for more realistic traffic distributions.

A9155 forms the RNP part of Alcatel-Lucents consistent tool chain for the radio network design process


Radio Frequency Aspects GSM/UMTS

Co-siting


Alcatel-Lucents guideline is to ensure there is 40 dB isolation between 2G system and 3G system


Worst Cases (in order to maintain 40dB isolation)

II I (90)

dd d d

III (180) IV (Horizontal)

d

V (Vertical)

d

Case Offending Antenna type WCDMA antenna Crossbeam Recommended isolationI up to 90 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW N >0.25mII up to 90 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW N Same mast is okIII up to 90 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW N Same mast is okIV 65 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW N >0.4mIV 90 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW N >0.8mIV 115 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW N >1mIV 65 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW 10-40 degrees >0.5m - 1mIV up to 90 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW 10 degrees >0.7mIV up to 90 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW 20 degrees >0.8mIV up to 90 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW 30 degrees >0.9mIV up to 90 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW 40 degrees >1mV 7 degrees V-HPBW 65 degrees HPBW Normal tilting >0.25m depends on tilting

Disclaimer:This table can be treated as a rough guide only. If the required separation cannot be strictly met, then the degradation in performance will vary case by case.


Azimuths may Change

Horizontal separation >= 1m and Vertical separation >= 0.5m can be used as the guideline. Some safety margin is

included to take into account the different antenna types used, and crossbeams.

we cannot control the orientation of 2G equipment

Hence, the separation distance guideline is to PLAN FOR WORST CASE.

This takes into consideration possible changes of antennas azimuth and yet able to maintain a reasonable amount of isolation so as to minimize the impact of interference.


Worst Case Example (1)

Single case measurement example

Below 1m, rapid roll-off towards low isolation

GSM1800 115 deg to UMTS 65 degHorizontal measurements

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

55.00

60.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

Distance (m)

I

s

o

l

a

t

i

o

n

(

d

B

)

1900MHz1950MHz1980MHz

50dB marker


Worst Case Example (2)

Beam Crossing

This is to show that the closer the main beams of 2 antennas cross, the lower the isolation between them.

Variable azimuth GSM1800 65 deg to UMTS 65 deg - cross-polar

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

55.00

60.00

65.00

70.00

75.00

-45 0 +45 +90

Bearing from fixed antenna (degrees)

I

s

o

l

a

t

i

o

n

(

d

B

) 1900MHz1950MHz1980MHz

50dB marker


Solutions

Additional methods to achieve the required isolation

Physical Antenna Separation

Tighter filtering of the GSM BTS TX signaly Adding filters to the GSM BTS tx port to reduce the spurious emissions.

Diplexer in the case of feeder and antenna sharing between different systemsy Diplexer typically has >50 dB isolation.

Guideline:

H-separation > 1m

V-separation > 0.5m


UMTS and UMTSUMTS and UMTS

Interference between Different UMTS Operators sharing same UMTS Antenna

3GPP Specification TS 25.942 defined a minimum coupling loss of 30 dB between antennas.

Antennas providing isolation of >30 dB (which is commonly available) between ports is sufficient.


IS95 with UMTSIS95 with UMTS IS95/CDMA2000 is in the 800/900 MHz band, the impact of IS95 on WCDMA

2GHz band is very unlikely. Besides, the spectral density of IS95, which is a Spread Spectrum technology,

would be very low to cause impact.


SUMMARYSUMMARYInterfering

WCDMA WCDMA Solution

Spurious Emissionsguideline: require >30

dB isolation (worst case)

UMTS Tx filter for both operators

1) This isolation guideline is based on eg. worst case BTS/Node B specifications etc..

2) So, even if the isolation requirement is not met, it doesnt necessarily mean there would definitely be isolation issues.

3) The guideline gives a safety reference that we should try to achieve to give us a certain level of confidence over possible isolation issues.


Radio Frequency AspectsGSM/UMTS Co-siting

feeder

Single band antennas

GSMBTS

UMTSNode B

feeder feeder

Dual Band Antenna

GSMBTS

UMTSNode B

feeder

Decision criteria:

planning philosophy of the network operators aim environment (visual impact...)

Feeder sharing solution

Without Feeder sharing

Dual Band Antenna

GSM 900BTS

UMTSNode B

feederDiplexer

Diplexer

BroadbandAntenna

UMTSNode

B

GSMBTS

Diplexer


Co-location with GSM system

UMTS Cell range depends on Traffic density and the service data rate

Comparison of UMTS cell ranges with GSM

0

2

4

6

8

10

Dense Urban (20 dB) Urban (15 dB) Suburban (15 dB) Rural (6 dB)

Cell Ranges

GSM900

GSM1800

UMTS128

UMTS384

900m

550m

350m

1500m

900m

650m

3000m

2000m

1200m


HSDPA overview


What is HSDPA?

HSDPA: High Speed Downlink Packet Access

Part of 3GPP Release 5 (R5) and later releases

Purpose: Enhance 3G Mobile systems by offering higher data rates in the Downlink Direction

Direct evolution of 3GPP R99 networks (UMTS)

To further extend your UMTS network performancesTo further extend your UMTS network performances


HSDPA Evolution phases

Phase 1: Basic HSDPA (3GPP R5) with peak data bit rates up to 14 Mbps

High speed Downlink shared channel supported by control channels

Adaptive Modulation (QPSK & 16 QAM) and rate matching

Shared Medium Access Control (MAC-hs) located in Node-B

Support of Best Effort and Background services

Phase 2: HSDPA Enhancements with Antenna Array Processing Technologies (3GPP R7) with peak data rates up to 30 Mbps

Smart Antennas with beam-forming techniques for Mobiles with 1 antenna

MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technologies for Mobiles with more than 1 antenna up to 4 antennas

Support of Streaming services

Phase 3: New air interface (OFDM) with increased bit rates OFDM physical layer with Higher Modulation schemes and array processing MAC-hs/OFDM with fast scheduling for selection of sub-carrier set Mx-MAC (Multi-standard MAC) to enable switching between OFDMA and CDMA channels

3GPP R5 3GPP R6 Beyond


HSDPA BasicsHSDPA: Key Features (2)

HS-PDSCH uses adaptive

modulation (QPSK or 16 QAM) coding (Turbo Coding)

The Turbo encoder has fixed code rate of 1/3

Variable effective code rates are achieved by rate matching (puncturing or repetition)

Replaces Power Control and variable SF

Higher dynamic More efficient for users close to Node-B

Adaptive Modulation and Coding

Throughput vs. C/(I+N) [Vehicular A 30 km/h]

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10

C/(I+N) [dB]

T

h

r

o

u

g

h

p

u

t

[

K

b

p

s

]

QPSK_1_724QPSK_2_1430QPSK_3_2159QPSK_5_3630QPSK_10_7168QPSK_15_1082116QAM_1_143016QAM_2_287616QAM_5_716816QAM_15_21754Envelope


High Order modulation: 16QAM

Code Multiplexing: up to 15 codes in parallel

User can be code and time multiplexed (TTI= 2ms)

1011 1001 0001 0011

1010 1000 0000 0010

1110 1100 0100 0110

1111 1101 0101 0111

i2 i2i1

q1

q2

q2

0.4472 1.34160.4472

1.3416

Codes TTI = 2ms

User 1

User 2

User 3

Time and Code multiplexing in HSDPA

Fixed Spreading Factor, SF=16

-> 3.84Mcps/16 = 240 K symbols/s -> @ 16QAM -> 240 x 4 = 960 kbps -> @ code rate = 3/4 -> 720 kbps

720 kbps bit rate can be achieved per code -> 10.8 Mbps over 15 codes

HSDPA BasicsHSDPA: Key Features (4)


HS-DSCH category

Maximum number of HS-DSCH codes

received

Modulation supported (QPSK and/ or 16-QAM)

Maximum bit rate

(in Mbps)1 5 Both 1.22 5 Both 1.23 5 Both 1.84 5 Both 1.85 5 Both 3.66 5 Both 3.67 10 Both 7.28 10 Both 7.29 15 Both 10.2

10 15 Both 14.411 5 QPSK only 0.912 5 QPSK only 1.8

HSDPA BasicsTerminal categories

HSDPA will require new terminals to support:

a new protocol stack new modulation & coding

12 categories have been defined by 3GPP for W-CDMA / FDD

Most probable first category of terminal for HSDPA launch

in 2006


www.alcatel-lucent.com

Documents

3G UMTS Radio Network Planning 20071115