1

CS6V81CS6V81

Personal Communications SystemsPersonal Communications Systems

UT D

4

Lecture 7Lecture 7Third Generation (3G) SystemsThird Generation (3G) Systems

2

Information Technologies Information Technologies ConvergenceConvergence

TelecomIndustry

Computer Industry

Media Industry

InfocomIndustry

Mainframes

Desk-top computing

Internet

PC-LANPC

Electronicpublishing andentertainment

Mobility

Multimedia data communications are the driving Multimedia data communications are the driving

force for IT convergenceforce for IT convergence

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3

Wireless Subscribers WorldwideWireless Subscribers Worldwide

Rest of World

Asia Pacific

North America

European Union

(in millions)

Year0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

1995 2000 2005 2010

Source: UMTS Forum

4

Wireless Data Service Usage Wireless Data Service Usage

WorldwideWorldwide

3

Data support in 2G systemsData support in 2G systems

BSC

BSC

MSC

IWF Packet

Or IP-Network

PSTN

6

Limitations of 2G SystemsLimitations of 2G Systems

•• Voice centricVoice centric

–– Designed mainly for telephony applicationDesigned mainly for telephony application

–– CircuitCircuit--switchedswitched

–– High BER (Bit Error Rate)High BER (Bit Error Rate)

–– Low data bit rate (< 14.4kbps)Low data bit rate (< 14.4kbps)

•• Two many standards globallyTwo many standards globally

–– GSM, NAGSM, NA--TDMA, CDMA, PDC, PHS etcTDMA, CDMA, PDC, PHS etc……..

•• Isolated networksIsolated networks

–– MAP basedMAP based

–– ISIS--41 based41 based

–– Difficult to roam between these networksDifficult to roam between these networks

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7

Motivation for 3GMotivation for 3G

•• 1.7B wireless subscribers by 2010 projected1.7B wireless subscribers by 2010 projected

–– Exceed Exceed wirelinewireline access linesaccess lines

•• Increasing demand for Increasing demand for highhigh--speed data servicesspeed data servicesfrom anywherefrom anywhere

–– Exponential growth of Internet traffic Exponential growth of Internet traffic

•• Increasing interest in Increasing interest in multimedia servicesmultimedia services for for wirelesswireless

•• 2G systems do not work together (usually)2G systems do not work together (usually)

–– Many standardsMany standards

–– Need to converge different regional and national 2G Need to converge different regional and national 2G systemssystems

Wireless Networks EvolutionWireless Networks Evolution

PresentPresent FutureFuture

•• NarrowbandNarrowband

•• VoiceVoice

•• Low data rateLow data rate

•• CircuitCircuit--switchedswitched

•• MultiMulti--standardsstandards

•• Hierarchical, isolated Hierarchical, isolated

networksnetworks

•• WidebandWideband

•• MultimediaMultimedia

•• High data ratesHigh data rates

•• PacketPacket--switchedswitched

•• Harmonized Harmonized

standardsstandards

•• Integrated NetworksIntegrated Networks

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9

Third GenerationThird Generation

HistoryHistory

•• ITU started studies of 3G systems as Future Public ITU started studies of 3G systems as Future Public

Land Mobile Telecommunications Systems Land Mobile Telecommunications Systems

(FPLMTS)(FPLMTS)

•• Changed to IMTChanged to IMT--2000 (International Mobile 2000 (International Mobile

Telecommunications for Year 2000) in 1997Telecommunications for Year 2000) in 1997

•• To evolve and converge 2nd generation systems to To evolve and converge 2nd generation systems to

support wireless multimediasupport wireless multimedia

–– Global commercial rollGlobal commercial roll--outs planned for 2001outs planned for 2001--20032003

10

Third GenerationThird Generation

VisionVision•• Common spectrum worldwide Common spectrum worldwide

–– 19201920--1980 MHz and 21101980 MHz and 2110--2170 MHz2170 MHz

•• Wide range of new services Wide range of new services

–– Data centric (e.g. Internet) and multimedia orientedData centric (e.g. Internet) and multimedia oriented

–– Data bit rates up to 2 Mb/sData bit rates up to 2 Mb/s

•• Seamless global roamingSeamless global roaming

•• Improved security and performanceImproved security and performance

•• Support a variety of terminal (from PDA to desktop)Support a variety of terminal (from PDA to desktop)

•• Intensive use of Intelligent Network (IN) technologyIntensive use of Intelligent Network (IN) technology

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11

The 3G EnvironmentThe 3G Environment

Seamless End-to-End Service

Global Inter-Network Roaming

Satellite

Global

Suburban Urban

In- Building

Pico-Cell

Micro-Cell

Macro-Cell

Multimedia

Terminals

Home-Cell

12

MultimediaMultimediaData Rate RequirementsData Rate Requirements

bps

1 M

100 k

10 k

1k

Voice

P.O.S./

Telemetry,SMS, E-mail

Internet/IntranetAccess

Image

Text

Video

Video

HighQuality

MediumQuality

Slow

Scan/Pictures

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13

Coverage and Data RateCoverage and Data Rate

10 K

64 K

384 K

2 M

(bps)

MSS

Local Wide Area

W-LAN

(>5 GHz)

IMT-2000Cellular/PCS++

Cellular/PCS

Cellular/PCS+

Cordless

RLL �2-3 GHz (High Bit-rates)

Flexibility

� Variable Bit-rates & Packet (IP)

� Asymmetric Rates

14

3G Systems Data Capabilities3G Systems Data Capabilities

WWW ...IP ...

IP ...

•• Wideband Wideband ““bit pipebit pipe”” between communicating between communicating

partiesparties

–– Up to 384 kbps in wide areasUp to 384 kbps in wide areas

–– Up to 2 Mbps in limited areasUp to 2 Mbps in limited areas

•• IP connectivity from endIP connectivity from end--toto--endend

–– Data (& voice)Data (& voice)

–– RealReal--time & non realtime & non real--timetime

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15

Potential 3G ApplicationsPotential 3G Applications

•• Interactive news deliveryInteractive news delivery(voice, video, e(voice, video, e--mail, mail, graphics)graphics)

•• Voice/HighVoice/High--quality audioquality audio

•• Still photographyStill photography

•• VideoVideo

•• Data transmission servicesData transmission services

•• Internet gamingInternet gaming

•• Interactive audioInteractive audio

•• File transfer from intranetFile transfer from intranet

•• Voice/CDVoice/CD––quality musicquality music

•• Multimedia eMultimedia e--mailmail

(graphics, voice, video)(graphics, voice, video)

•• Video conferencingVideo conferencing

•• Web browserWeb browser

–– OnOn--line servicesline services

–– Time schedulesTime schedules

–– Global Positioning Global Positioning

Services/Geographical Services/Geographical

Information SystemsInformation Systems

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3G Spectrum Allocation3G Spectrum Allocation1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

North

AmericaMSS

PCSReserve

Europe UMTSGSM 1800 DECT MSS

1880 MHz 1980 MHz

JapanKorea (w/o PHS)

MSSIMT 2000PHS MSSIMT 2000

2160 MHz1895 MHz

1918 MHz1885 MHz

ITU Allocations

1885 MHz 2025 MHz

IMT 2000

2010 MHz

2110 MHz 2170 MHz

China MSSIMT 2000IMT 2000

IMT 2000

MSSUMTS

2170 MHz

MSS

1885 MHz 1980 MHz

AA D B E F C AA D B E F C

MDS

GSM 1800

1850 MHz WLL WLL

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2G to 3G Evolution2G to 3G Evolution

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WhoWho’’s Who in 2G to 3G s Who in 2G to 3G

EvolutionEvolution

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19

CDMA Data EvolutionCDMA Data Evolution

IS-95B

ISDN to 64 kbps

1xRTT

Advanced multimedia

up to 384 kbps

Cdma2000

3xRTT

Advanced 3G services

up to 2 Mbps

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CDMACDMA

•• CDMA is leading second generation air interface CDMA is leading second generation air interface systems in US and Koreasystems in US and Korea

•• cdma2000 1xRTT (Radio Transmission Technology)cdma2000 1xRTT (Radio Transmission Technology)

–– uses same carrier space as ISuses same carrier space as IS--95 95 cdmaOnecdmaOne (1.25MHz)(1.25MHz)

–– pushed by Qualcommpushed by Qualcomm

–– data rates up to 307 kb/sdata rates up to 307 kb/s

–– 2.5G2.5G

•• cdma2000 3xRTTcdma2000 3xRTT

–– competes directly with Wcompetes directly with W--CDMA CDMA

–– Multi Carrier Multi Carrier –– uses three uses three cdmaOnecdmaOne carrier spacescarrier spaces

–– up to 2 Mbpsup to 2 Mbps

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21

IMT-2000

GSM+

GSM Data EvolutionGSM Data Evolution

Functionality

Time

Speech

SMS

Circuit Data<14.4K

GSM

IN

GPRS

124-171K

HSCSD<115K

IMT-2000

WCDMA EDGE

GPRSGPRS

General Packet Radio ServicesGeneral Packet Radio Services

•• A data networking technology A data networking technology

–– high speed mobile data (wireless Internet) high speed mobile data (wireless Internet)

services (up to 170 kbps services (up to 170 kbps -- in theory) in theory)

–– using the GSM air interfaceusing the GSM air interface

–– coco--exists with 2G systems such as GSM and ISexists with 2G systems such as GSM and IS--

136136

•• A stepping stone towards 3G systems for GSM and A stepping stone towards 3G systems for GSM and

ISIS--136 networks (2.5G)136 networks (2.5G)

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GPRS OverviewGPRS Overview

GPRS Network

IP

X.25

GPRS provides mobile subscribers with ability to GPRS provides mobile subscribers with ability to

connect to Public Data Networks such as IP (the connect to Public Data Networks such as IP (the

Internet) or X.25Internet) or X.25

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GPRS Network ArchitectureGPRS Network Architecture

13

GPRSGPRS

Enhanced BSCEnhanced BSC

SGSNBSCGPRS Network

RAN

The BSC is

enhanced by a

Packet Control Unit

(PCU)

SGSN

GPRS Network ArchitectureGPRS Network Architecture

Two New ElementsTwo New Elements

SGSN = Serving GPRS Support NodeSGSN = Serving GPRS Support Node

SGSNBSCGPRS

GGSN = Gateway GPRS Support NodeGGSN = Gateway GPRS Support Node

GGSNGPRS Internet

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Gateway GPRS Support NodeGateway GPRS Support Node

(GGSN)(GGSN)

•• External interfacesExternal interfaces

•• ‘‘TraditionalTraditional’’ Gateway functionalityGateway functionality

•• Subscriber address publishingSubscriber address publishing

•• RoutingRouting

X.25 Network

IP Network

GGSN

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X.25 Network

IP Network

GGSNSGSN

Serving GPRS Support NodeServing GPRS Support Node

(SGSN)(SGSN)

•• Encryption, Authentication, and IMEI checkEncryption, Authentication, and IMEI check

•• Mobility managementMobility management

•• Logical Link management toward the MSLogical Link management toward the MS

•• Billing DataBilling Data

•• Packet routing and transfer (relay)Packet routing and transfer (relay)

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Backbone NetworkBackbone Network

•• Links GSN nodesLinks GSN nodes

•• Standardized using IPStandardized using IP

X.25 Network

IP Network

GGSNSGSN

Backbone

(IP) Network

GPRS NetworkGPRS Network

Reference ModelReference Model

Gn

PSTNMSC/VLR

BSC SGSN GGSN PDN

A

Gb

Gs

Gi

HLR

GciGr

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31

Application

IP/X.25

SNDCP

LLC

RLC

MAC

SNDCP

Physical

MAC

Physical

Networkservice

L1bis

BSSGPRLC

Relay

NetworkService

L1bis

L2

L1

BSSGP

LLC

GTPSNDCP

Relay

UDP/TCP

IP

L2

L1

UDP/TCP

IP

Application

IP/X.25

GTP

MS BSS SGNS GGNSUm Gb Gn

GPRS Protocol StacksGPRS Protocol Stacks

32

Packet Routing in GPRSPacket Routing in GPRS

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33

GPRS Internet ConnectionGPRS Internet Connection

34

UMTS NetworkUMTS Network ArchitectureArchitecture

NodeBNodeBIub

Iu

SCPSCP HLRHLR

MAPMAPINAP/CAP

MAP

ISUP

GGSNGGSN

Iur

3G SGSN

U-MSC

UTRAN

PSTN

InternetGTP

3G Third Generation

CAMEL Customized Applications for Mobile Networks Enhanced Logic

CAP CAMEL Application Part

GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node

GTP GPRS Tunnel Protocol

HLR Home Location RegisterINAP Intelligent Network Application Part

Core Network

ISUP ISDN User Part

MAP Mobile Application PartMSC Mobile Switching Center

Node B Base Station

RNC Radio Network Controller

SCP Service Control Point

SGSN Serving GPRS Support NodeU-MSC UMTS Mobile Switching Centre

Uu

Mobility ManagementIN

Radio Access Network

3G MSC GMSCGMSC

RNSRNS

RNSRNS

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35

UMTS Protocol StacksUMTS Protocol Stacks

L1

RLC

PDCP

MAC

E.g., IP,

PPP,

OSP

Application

L1

RLC

PDCP

MAC

ATM

UDP/IP

GTP-U

AAL5

Relay

L1

UDP/IP

L2

GTP-U

E.g., IP,

PPP,

OSP

3G-SGSNUTRANMS

Iu-PSUu Gn Gi

3G-GGSN

ATM

UDP/IP

GTP-U

AAL5

L1

UDP/IP

GTP-U

L2

Relay

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UMTSUMTS

Market Introduction PlanMarket Introduction Plan

•• 20002000--2001 System Development Phase 12001 System Development Phase 1

•• 2002 Commercial Use Phase 1 (Basic Services)2002 Commercial Use Phase 1 (Basic Services)

–– High bit rate bearer services up to 2 MbpsHigh bit rate bearer services up to 2 Mbps

–– Negotiated traffic and Negotiated traffic and QoSQoS characteristicscharacteristics

–– BurstyBursty and asymmetric trafficand asymmetric traffic

–– Integrated or standIntegrated or stand--alone 3G MSC & 3G SGSNalone 3G MSC & 3G SGSN

–– MultiMulti--vendor environmentvendor environment

•• Being delayed in Europe and in North AmericaBeing delayed in Europe and in North America

•• Asia (Japan and Korea) is leading the world in this frontAsia (Japan and Korea) is leading the world in this front

•• JapanJapan‘‘s WCDMA and Koreas WCDMA and Korea‘‘s cdma2000 networks are s cdma2000 networks are deployed since Oct 2001deployed since Oct 2001

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UMTS Release 1999

Packet side (GPRS)

GGSN

SCPHLR

GMSC

3G-SGSNIu

MSC/VLRWCDMA UTRAN

BSBSBSBS

RNC

RNCIur

Iub

(optional)

Circuit side

PSTN/ISDN

Internet

WCDMA

Mobile

UMTS EvolutionUMTS Evolution

NEW !

NEW !

IP Multimedia Core

NEW !

IP transportoption for SS7

UMTS Release 4/5

PSTN/ISDN

WCDMA/VoIP Mobile

EDGE/VoIP

Mobile

EDGE (GSM) BSS

BS

BS

BS

BS

BSC

BSC

Abis

WCDMA UTRAN

BS

BS

BS

BS

RNC

RNCIur

Iub

GGSN

SCPHLR

3G-SGSNIu

CSCFCSCF

MGCFMGCF

SGWSGW

MGWMGW

InternetEnhanced PS Core

GMSCMSC/VLR

CS Core

(optional)

38

R5 System Level ArchitectureR5 System Level Architecture

MRFMRF InternetInternet

SCPSCP

ApplicationApplication

serversservers

HSSHSS

Gr+Gr+

MAP+MAP+

CAPCAPWINWIN

PSTNPSTN

CSCF Call State Control Function MRF Multimedia Resource FunctionHSS Home Subscriber Server RAS Remote Access Server (DSLAM, head end…)MGCF Media Gateway Control Function RSGW Roaming Signaling GatewayMGW Media Gateway TSGW Transport Signaling Gate

3G RAN3G RAN

IuIu--PSPS

CSCFCSCF

MGCFMGCF

SGSNSGSN

OSAOSA

ServiceService

capabilitycapability

serversservers

TSGWTSGW

LegacyLegacy

CellularCellularRSGWRSGW

ISUPISUP

MAPMAPISIS--4141

IPv6IPv6

AllAll--IP CoreIP Core MGWMGW

SIPSIP

H.248H.248

WLAN, DSL,WLAN, DSL,

cable...cable...

RASRAS

GGSNGGSN

FWFW

20

39

UMTS Domain DefinitionsUMTS Domain Definitions

40

Layered Approach for ControlLayered Approach for Control

3G3G--GGSNGGSN3G3G--

SGSNSGSNMGWMGW

MGCFMGCF

RSGWRSGW

TransportTransport

LayerLayer

Application LayerApplication Layer

Service LayerService Layer

MRFMRF

HSSHSS

TSGWTSGW

External IPExternal IP

NetworksNetworks

Legacy MobileLegacy Mobile

SignalingSignaling

NetworksNetworks

PSTN/PSTN/

External CSExternal CS

NetworksNetworks

WLAN, DSL, Cable, etc.WLAN, DSL, Cable, etc.

RASRAS

OSA, VHE,OSA, VHE,

etc.etc.SCPSCP

3G RAN3G RAN

CSCFCSCF

CSCFCSCF

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41

Data Network(Internet)

Node B

RNC

3G-GGSN

3G-SGSN

Gn

IPFirewall

GnPS Domain

Iu

Inter-PLMN Backbone Network

Different channel types (dedicated/common)

New Function: New Function: QoSQoS

QoSQoS infrastructure in R4infrastructure in R4

EndEnd--toto--End End QoSQoS is required in R5is required in R5

External QoSmechanisms

AAL2connections DiffServ.

on transportlevel IP

42

Wireless Internet Application Wireless Internet Application

ProtocolsProtocols•• Wireless systems have various constraintsWireless systems have various constraints

–– Small terminal displaySmall terminal display

–– High bit error rateHigh bit error rate

•• HighHigh--level protocols for Internet Access level protocols for Internet Access

specifically for wireless systems are specifically for wireless systems are

requiredrequired

•• WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)

•• iModeiMode

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WAP CharacteristicsWAP Characteristics

•• Uses WML as page description languageUses WML as page description language

–– Wireless Markup LanguageWireless Markup Language

–– Divides content into Divides content into ““cardscards”” equal to one telephone equal to one telephone

screenscreen

•• Simplified but incompatible form of HTMLSimplified but incompatible form of HTML

•• Requests and responses are encoded/decoded Requests and responses are encoded/decoded

before transmission over RF channelsbefore transmission over RF channels

44

WAP OperationWAP Operation

Web ContentServer

MobileTerminal

MobileNetwork

Internet

WAP Gateway

Non Mobile Internet User

DatabaseServer

SOURCE: DANETWAP simulator

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45

WWW Programming ModelWWW Programming Model

46

WAP Programming ModelWAP Programming Model

24

47

iModeiMode•• A service of NTT A service of NTT DoCoMoDoCoMo in Japanin Japan

–– ドコモドコモ means means ““anywhereanywhere””

–– More than 18 Millions user (Jan 2001), 50,000 new user More than 18 Millions user (Jan 2001), 50,000 new user

every day every day

•• Japan is the wireless Internet leader thank to Japan is the wireless Internet leader thank to iModeiMode

SOURCE: EUROTECHNOLOGY JAPAN K.K.

48

iModeiMode

CharacteristicsCharacteristics•• Use packet data on radio transportUse packet data on radio transport

–– Currently slow Currently slow -- 9.6 Kbps9.6 Kbps

–– 3G will raise to 384 K 3G will raise to 384 K

•• Uses Uses cHTMLcHTML (compact HTML)(compact HTML)

–– same rendering model as HTML same rendering model as HTML

–– no tables or framesno tables or frames

–– low memory footprint low memory footprint

•• Services: Services:

–– telephony, SMS, email, location tracking telephony, SMS, email, location tracking

–– Internet browsing for banking and ticketingInternet browsing for banking and ticketing

–– GamingGaming

•• More information on IMore information on I--Mode: Mode: http://http://www.privateline.com/imode/imode.htmwww.privateline.com/imode/imode.htm

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iModeiMode

OperationOperation

IP

DoCoMoDoCoMo

PacketPacket

Network Network (PDC(PDC--P)P)

IP

INFO

PROVIDER

INTERNET

iMode

Servers

BILLING

DB

USER

DB

PACKET DATAHTTP