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WCDMA FDD Mode Physical Layer

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.2

Table of ContentsPhysical Layer General Description

WCDMA Uplink Physical Layer

WCDMA Downlink Physical Layer

Multiplexing and Channel Coding (MCC)

Reference: Textbook Chapter 6 and 3GPP TS 25.201,

25.211, 25.212, 25.213, 25.214, and 25.215.

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WCDMA Physical Layer GeneralDescription (3G TS 25.201)

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.4

Establishes the characteristics of the layer-1

transport channels and physical channels in the

FDD mode, and specifies:Transport channels

Physical channels and their structure

Relative timing between different physical

channels in the same link, and relative timing between uplink and downlink;

Mapping of transport channels onto the physical

channels.

Physical channels

and mapping of

transport channelsonto physical

channels (FDD)

TS

25.211

Describes the contents of the layer 1 documents

(TS 25.200 series); where to find information; a

general description of layer 1.

Physical Layer –

general description

TS

25.201

3GPP RAN Specifications

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Establishes the characteristics of the spreading and

modulation in the FDD mode, and specifies:

Spreading;

Generation of channelization and scrambling codes;

Generation of random access preamble codes;

Generation of synchronization codes;

Modulation;

Spreading and

Modulation (FDD)

TS

25.213

Describes multiplexing, channel coding, and

interleaving in the FDD mode and specifies:

Coding and multiplexing of transport channels;

Channel coding alternatives;

Coding for layer 1 control information;

Different interleavers;

Rate matching;

Physical channel segmentation and mapping;

Multiplexing and

Channel Coding

(FDD)

TS

25.212


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Establishes the characteristics of the physicallayer measurements in the FDD mode, and

specifies:

The measurements performance by layer 1;

Reporting of measurements to higher layers and

network;

Handover measurements and idle-mode

measurements.

Physical Layer Measurements

(FDD)

TS25.215

Establishes the characteristics of the physical

layer procedures in the FDD mode, and specifies:

Cell search procedures;Power control procedures;

Random access procedure.

Physical Layer

Procedures

(FDD)

TS

25.214


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General Protocol ArchitectureRadio interface means the Uu point between User Equipment (UE)

and network.

The radio interface is composed of Layers 1, 2 and 3.

Radio Resource Control (RRC)

Medium Access Control

Transport channels

Physical layer C o n t r o l

/ M e a s u r e m e

n t s

Layer 3

Logical channels

Layer 2

Layer 1

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General Protocol ArchitectureThe circles between different layer/sub-layers indicate

Service Access Points (SAPs).

The physical layer offers different Transport channels to

MAC.

A transport channel is characterized by how the information is

transferred over the radio interface.

MAC offers different Logical channels to the Radio

Link Control (RLC) sub-layer of Layer 2.

A logical channel is characterized by the type of information

transferred.

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General Protocol ArchitecturePhysical channels are defined in the physical layer.

There are two duplex modes: Frequency Division

Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD).In the FDD mode a physical channel is characterized bythe code, frequency and in the uplink the relative phase

(I/Q).In the TDD mode the physical channels is alsocharacterized by the timeslot.

The physical layer is controlled by RRC.

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Service Provided to Higher LayerThe physical layer offers data transport services to higher layers.

The access to these services is through the use of transportchannels via the MAC sub-layer.

The physical layer is expected to perform the following

functions in order to provide the data transport service:1. Macrodiversity distribution/combining and soft handover

execution.

2. Error detection on transport channels and indication to higher layers.

3. FEC encoding/decoding of transport channels.

4. Multiplexing of transport channels and demultiplexing of

coded composite transport channels (CCTrCHs).

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Service Provided to Higher Layer5. Rate matching of coded transport channels to physical

channels.

6. Mapping of coded composite transport channels on physicalchannels.

7. Power weighting and combining of physical channels.

8. Modulation and spreading/demodulation and despreading of physical channels.

9. Frequency and time (chip, bit, slot, frame) synchronisation.

10. Radio characteristics measurements including FER, SIR,Interference Power, etc., and indication to higher layers.

11. Inner - loop power control.

12. RF processing.

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Multiple AccessUTRA has two modes, FDD (Frequency Division

Duplex) & TDD (Time Division Duplex), for operatingwith paired and unpaired bands respectively.

FDD: A pair of frequency bands which have specified

separation shall be assigned for the system.

TDD: A duplex method whereby uplink and downlink

transmissions are carried over same radio frequency by

using synchronised time intervals.

In the TDD, time slots in a physical channel are divided into

transmission and reception part.

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Physical Layer MeasurementsRadio characteristics including FER, SIR, Interference

power, etc., are measured and reported to higher layers

and network. Such measurements are:1. Handover measurements for handover within UTRA.

Specific features being determined in addition to the

relative strength of the cell, for the FDD mode the timingrelation between cells for support of asynchronous soft

handover.

2.

The measurement procedures for preparation for handover to GSM900/GSM1800.

3. The measurement procedures for UE before random

access process.

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Transport ChannelsTransport channels are services offered by Layer 1 tothe higher layers.

A transport channel is defined by how and with whatcharacteristics data is transferred over the air interface.

Two groups of transport channels:

Dedicated Transport Channels

Common Transport Channels

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Transport ChannelsDedicated Transport Channels

DCH – Dedicated Channel (only one type)

Common Transport Channels – divided between all or a groupof users in a cell (no soft handover, but some of them can havefast power control)

BCH: Broadcast Channel

FACH: Forward Access Channel

PCH: Paging Channel

RACH: Random Access Channel

CPCH: Common Packet Channel

DSCH: DL Shared Channel

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Dedicated Transport ChannelsThere exists only one type of dedicated transportchannel, the Dedicated Channel (DCH)

The Dedicated Channel (DCH) is a downlink or uplink transport channel.

The DCH is transmitted over the entire cell or over

only a part of the cell using e.g. beam-formingantennas.

DCH carries both the service data, such as speech

frames, and higher layer control information, such ashandover commands or measurement reports from theterminal.

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Dedicated Transport ChannelsThe content of the information carried on the DCH isnot visible to the physical layer, thus higher layer

control information and user data are treated in the sameway.

The physical layer parameters set by UTRAN may vary

between control and data.Possibility of fast rate change (every 10 ms)

Support of fast power control.

Support of soft handover.

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Common Transport ChannelBroadcast Channel (BCH) -- mandatory

BCH is a downlink transport channel that is used to broadcast system and cell specific information.

BCH is always transmitted over the entire cell.

The most typical data needed in every network is the

available random access codes and access slots in the cell,

or the types of transmit diversity.

BCH is transmitted with relatively high power.

Single transport format – a low and fixed data rate for theUTRA broadcast channel to support low-end terminals.

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Common Transport ChannelPaging Channel (PCH) -- mandatory

PCH is a downlink transport channel.

PCH is always transmitted over the entire cell.

PCH carries data relevant to the paging procedure, that is,

when the network wants to initiate communication with the

terminal.The identical paging message can be transmitted in a single

cell or in up to a few hundreds of cells, depending on the

system configuration.

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Common Transport ChannelRandom Access Channel (RACH) -- mandatory

RACH is an uplink transport channel.RACH is intended to be used to carry control information

from the terminal, such as requests to set up a connection.

RACH can also be used to send small amounts of packet

data from the terminal to the network.

The RACH is always received from the entire cell.

The RACH is characterized by a collision risk.

RACH is transmitted using open loop power control.

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Common Transport ChannelForward Access Channel (FACH) -- mandatory

FACH is a downlink transport channel.

FACH is transmitted over the entire cell or over only a partof the cell using e.g. beam-forming antennas.

FACH can carry control information; for example, after a

random access message has been received by the basestation.

FACH can also transmit packet data.

FACH does not use fast power control.

FACH can be transmitted using slow power control.There can be more than one FACH in a cell.

The messages transmitted need to include in-band

identification information.

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Common Transport ChannelCommon Packet Channel (CPCH) -- optional

CPCH is an uplink transport channel.

CPCH is an extension to the RACH channel that is intended tocarry packet-based user data.

CPCH is associated with a dedicated channel on the downlink

which provides power control and CPCH Control Commands(e.g. Emergency Stop) for the uplink CPCH.

The CPCH is characterised by initial collision risk and by

being transmitted using inner loop power control.

CPCH may last several frames.

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Common Transport ChannelDownlink Shared Channel (DSCH) -- optional

DSCH is a downlink transport channel shared by several UEs

to carry dedicated user data and/or control information.The DSCH is always associated with one or several downlink

DCH.

The DSCH is transmitted over the entire cell or over only a part of the cell using e.g. beam-forming antennas.

DSCH supports fast power control as well as variable bit rate

on a frame-by-frame basis.

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Transport Channel

YesYesYesYesYes NoSuited for

bursty data?

Medium or large data

amounts.


amounts.

Small or medium data

amounts.

Small dataamounts.

Small dataamounts.


amount.

Suited for:

No No No No NoYesSoft

Handover

YesYesYes No NoYesFast Power

Control

Shared

between

users.

Shared

between

users.

Fixed codes

per cell.

Fixed codes

per cell.

Fixed codes

per cell.

According to

maximum bit

rate.

Code

Usage

Uplink, only

in TDD.

Downlink Uplink Uplink Downlink BothUplink/

Downlink

USCHDSCHCPCHRACHFACHDCH

Shared ChannelsCommon ChannelDedicated

Channel

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Mapping of Transport Channels onto

Physical ChannelsTransport Channels

DCH

RACH

CPCH

BCH

FACH

PCH

Physical Channels

Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)

Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)

Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)

Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)

DSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

Synchronization Channel (SCH)

Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)

Access Preamble Acquisition Indicator Channel (AP-AICH)

Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)

CPCH Status Indicator Channel (CSICH)

Collision-Detection/Channel-Assignment Indicator Channel

(CD/CA-ICH)⎪

⎪⎪⎪

⎩

⎪⎪

⎪⎪

⎨

⎧

Unmapped

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Interface Between Higher Layers and the

Physical Layer

TFI Transport Block

Transport Block

Transport Ch 1

TFI Transport Block

Transport Block

Transport Ch 2

TFCI Coding & Multiplexing

Physical ControlChannel

Physical DataChannel

TFI Transport Block &

Error Indication

Transport Block &Error Indication

Transport Ch 1

TFI Transport Block &

Error Indication

Transport Block &Error Indication

Transport Ch 2

TFCIDecoding &

Demultiplexing

Physical ControlChannel

Physical DataChannel

Physical Layer

Higher Layer

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Transport Format Indicator (TFI)The TFI is a label for a specific transport format within a

transport format set.

It is used in the inter-layer communication betweenMAC and L1 each time a transport block set is

exchanged between the two layers on a transport

channel.

When the DSCH is associated with a DCH, the TFI of

the DSCH also indicates the physical channel (i.e. the

channelisation code) of the DSCH that has to be listened to by the UE.

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Transport Format Combination Indicator(TFCI)

This is a representation of the current Transport FormatCombination.

The TFCI is used in order to inform the receiving side of the

currently valid Transport Format Combination, and hence how todecode, de-multiplex and deliver the received data on theappropriate Transport Channels.

There is a one-to-one correspondence between a certain value of the TFCI and a certain Transport Format Combination.

MAC indicates the TFI to Layer 1 at each delivery of TransportBlock Sets on each Transport Channel. Layer 1 then builds the

TFCI from the TFIs of all parallel transport channels of the UE, processes the Transport Blocks appropriately and appends theTFCI to the physical control signalling.

Through the detection of the TFCI the receiving side is able to

identify the Transport Format Combination.

M i f T Ch l

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In UTRA, the data generated at higher layers iscarried over the air with transport channels, which are

mapped in the physical layer to different physicalchannels.

The physical layer is required to support variable bit

rate transport channels to offer bandwidth-on-demand services, and to be able to multiplex severalservices to one connection.

The transport channels may have a different number of blocks.

Each transport channel is accompanied by theTransport Format Indicator (TFI).

Mapping of Transport Channel toPhysical Channel

M i f T t Ch l t

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The physical layer combines the TFI information

from different transport channels to the Transport

Format Combination Indicator (TFCI).

TFCI is transmitted in the physical control channel.

At any moment, not all the transport channels arenecessarily active.

One physical control channel and one or more

physical data channels form a single Coded Composite Transport Channel (CCTrCh).

Mapping of Transport Channel toPhysical Channel

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WCDMA Uplink Physical Layer

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Table of Contents

Overview

Uplink Physical Layer

Dedicated Uplink Physical Channels

Uplink Dedicated Physical Data Channel (UL DPDCH)

Uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel (UL DPCCH)

Common Uplink Physical Channels



Uplink Physical Layer Modulation

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Overview

Configuration

Radio frame

A radio frame is a processing unit which consists of 15 slots.The length of a radio frame corresponds to 38400 chips.

Time slot

A time slot is a unit which consists of fields containing bits.The length of a slot corresponds to 2560 chips.

Spreading Modulation: QPSK.

Data Modulation: BPSK.Spreading

Two-level spreading processes

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Overview

Spreading (cont.)

Channelization operation

OVSF codes.Transform every data symbol into a number of chips.

Increase the bandwidth of the signal.

The number of chips per data symbol is called the Spreading Factor.

Data symbols on I- and Q-branches are independently multiplied with an OVSF code.

Scrambling operation

Long or short Gold codes.

Applied to the spread signals.

Randomize the codes

Spread signal is further multiplied by complex-valued scrambling

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Uplink Physical Channels


Uplink Dedicated Physical Data Channel (UL DPDCH)

Uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel (UL DPCCH)

Common Uplink Physical Channels



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UL Dedicated Physical Data Channel (UL DPDCH)

Carry the DCH transport channel (generated at Layer 2 and

above).There may be zero, one, or several uplink DPDCHs on each

radio link.

UL Dedicated Physical Control Channel (UL DPCCH)

Carry control information generated at Layer 1

One and only one UL DPCCH on each radio link.

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Frame Structure for UL DPDCH/DPCCH

Pilot

N pilot bitsTPC

NTPC bits

Data

Ndata bits

Tslot = 2560 chips, 10 bits

1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms = 38400 chips

DPDCH

DPCCHFBI

NFBI bits

TFCI

NTFCI bits

Tslot = 2560 chips,

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

Ndata= 10*2k bits (k=0,1,…,6)

One Power Control Period

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UL DPDCH

The parameter k determines the number of bits per uplink

DPDCH slot.

It is related to the spreading factor SF of the DPDCH as SF =256/2k .

The DPDCH spreading factor ranges from 256 down to 4.

640640960049609606

320320480084804805

1601602400162402404

80801200321201203

40406006460602

202030012830301

101015025615150

NdataBits/

Slot

Bits/

Frame

SFChannel

Symbol Rate(ksps)

Channel Bit

Rate (kbps)

Slot Format #i

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UL DPCCH - Layer 1 Control Information

Pilot Bits.

Support channel estimation for coherent detection.

Frame Synchronization Word (FSW) can be sued to confirmframe synchronizaton.

Transmit Power Control (TPC) command.

Inner loop power control commands.

Feedback Information (FBI).Support of close loop transmit diversity.

Site Selection Diversity Transmission (SSDT)

Transport-Format Combination Indicator (TFCI) – optional

TFCI informs the receiver about the instantaneous transport

format combination of the transport channels.

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Pilot Bit Patterns with Npilot

=3,4,5,6

0

01010

000111011

1

10001

001101011

1

11111

111111111

1

01001

101110000

1

00011

110101100

1

11111

111111111

0

01010

000111011

1

10001

001101011

1

11111

111111111

1

01001

101110000

1

00011

110101100

1

11111

111111111

1

01001

101110000

1

00011

110101100

1

11111

111111111

1

11111

111111111

1

01001

101110000

1

00011

110101100

Slot #0

12345

678910

11121314

543210432103210210Bit #

Npilot = 6Npilot = 5Npilot = 4Npilot = 3

Shadowed column is defined as FSW (Frame Synchronization Word).

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Pilot Bit Patterns with Npilot

=7,8

Shadowed column is defined as FSW (Frame Synchronization Word).

0

01010000111011

1

11111111111111

1

10001001101011

1

11111111111111

1

01001101110000

1

11111111111111

1

00011110101100

1

11111111111111

1

11111111111111

0

01010000111011

1

10001001101011

1

11111111111111

1

01001101110000

1

00011110101100

1

11111111111111

Slot #0

1234567891011121314

765432106543210Bit #

Npilot = 8Npilot = 7

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FBI Bits

The FBI bits are used to support techniques requiring feedback

from the UE to the UTRAN Access Point, including closed loop

mode transmit diversity and site selection diversity transmission

(SSDT).

The S field is used for SSDT signalling, while the D field is

used for closed loop mode transmit diversity signalling.

The S field consists of 0, 1, or 2 bits. The D field consists of 0or 1 bit. Simultaneous use of SSDT power control and closed

loop mode transmit diversity requires that the S field consists of

1 bit.

S field D field

FBI

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TFCI Bits

There are two types of uplink dedicated physicalchannels:

those that include TFCI (e.g. for several simultaneousservices)

those that do not include TFCI (e.g. for fixed-rate services).

It is the UTRAN that determines if a TFCI should betransmitted and it is mandatory for all UEs to supportthe use of TFCI in the uplink.

In compressed mode, DPCCH slot formats with TFCIfields are changed.

There are two possible compressed slot formats for each normal slot format.

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TPC Bit Patterns

10110010

NTPC = 2NTPC = 1

Transmitter power control

command

TPC Bit Pattern

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I

Σ

j

c d ,1 β d

S long,n o r S short,n

I+jQ

D P D C H 1

Q

c d ,3 β d

D P D C H 3

c d ,5 β d

D P D C H 5

c d ,2 β d

D P D C H 2

c d ,4 β d

D P D C H 4

c d ,6 β d

D P D C H 6

c c β c

D P C C H

Σ

Spreading of UL DPCH

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Spreading of UL DPCH

The binary DPCCH and DPDCHs to be spread arerepresented by real-valued sequences, i.e. the binary

value "0" is mapped to the real value +1, while the binary value "1" is mapped to the real value –1.

The DPCCH is spread to the chip rate by thechannelization code cc, while the n:th DPDCH called DPDCHn is spread to the chip rate by the channelizationcode cd,n.

One DPCCH and up to six parallel DPDCHs can be

transmitted simultaneously, i.e. 1 ≤ n ≤ 6.

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Gain of UL DPCH

After channelization, the real-valued spread signals are weighted

by gain factors,βc for DPCCH and βd for all DPDCHs.

At every instant in time, at least one of the valuesβc and βd hasthe amplitude 1.0. Theβ-values are quantized into 4 bit words.

After the weighting, the stream of real-valued chips on the I- and

Q-branches are then summed and treated as a complex-valued

stream of chips.

This complex-valued signal is then scrambled by the complex-

valued scrambling code Sdpch,n.

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Signaling values for

βc and βd

Quantized amplitude ratios

βc and βd

15 1.0

14 0.933313 0.8666

12 0.8000

11 0.7333

10 0.6667

9 0.60008 0.5333

7 0.4667

6 0.4000

5 0.3333

4 0.26673 0.2000

2 0.1333

1 0.0667

0 Switch off

Gain of UL DPCH

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OVSF Code Allocation for UL DPCH

DPCCH is always spread by cc= Cch,256,0

When there is only one DPDCH

DPDCH1 is spread by cd,1= Cch,SF,k (k= SF / 4)

When there are more than one DPDCHAll DPDCHs have SF=4

DPDCHn is spread by the the code cd,n = Cch,4,k

k = 1 if n ∈ {1, 2}, k = 3 if n ∈ {3, 4} and k = 2 if n ∈ {5, 6}

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Scrambling Codes of UL DPCH

Long scrambling code allocation

The n-th UL long scrambling code

Sdpch,n(i) = Clong,n(i), i = 0, 1, …, 38399

Short scrambling code allocation

The n-th UL short scrambling code

Sdpch,n(i) = Cshort,n(i), i = 0, 1, …, 38399

⎭

⎬⎫

⎩

⎨⎧

⎥⎦

⎥⎢⎣

⎢−+= )

2

2()1(1)()( ,2,,1,,

ic jiciC nlong

i

nlongnlong

⎭⎩⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎝

⎛⎥⎦

⎥⎢⎣

⎢−

2

256mod2)1(1)256mod()( ,2,,1,,

i c ji ciC n short

i

n short n short

Ph i l R d A Ch l (PRACH)

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PRACH is used to carry the RACH.

The random access transmission is based on a Slotted

ALOHA approach with fast acquisition indication.The UE can start the random-access transmission at the

beginning of a number of well-defined time intervals,

denoted access slots.

There are 15 access slots per two frames and they are

spaced 5120 chips apart.

Information on what access slots are available for

random-access transmission is given by higher layers.

PRACH Access Slot Numbers and

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Their Spacing

#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14

5120 chips

radio frame: 10 ms radio frame: 10 ms

ccess slot #0 Random Access Transmission

ccess slot #1

ccess slot #7

ccess slot #14

Random Access Transmission

Random Access Transmission

Random Access Transmissionccess slot #8

St t f th R d m A ss T smissi

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Structure of the Random-Access Transmission

Message partPreamble

4096 chips10 ms (one radio frame)

Preamble Preamble

Message partPreamble

4096 chips 20 ms (two radio frames)

Preamble Preamble

The random-access transmission consists of oneor several preambles of length 4096 chips and amessage of length 10 ms or 20 ms.

RACH P bl C d C i

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RACH Preamble Code Construction

Each preamble is of length 4096 chips and consists of 256 repetitions of a signature of length 16 chips.

There are a maximum of 16 available signatures.The random access preamble code C pre,n, is acomplex valued sequence.

It is built from a preamble scrambling code Sr - pre,nand a preamble signature Csig,s as follows:

where k=0 corresponds to the chip transmitted first in time.

4095,,2,1,0 ,)()()()

24(

,,,, …=××=+

− k ek C k S k C k j

ssign prer sn pre

π π

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PRACH P bl S bli C d

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PRACH Preamble Scrambling Code

The 8192 PRACH preamble scrambling codes are

divided into 512 groups with 16 codes in each group.

There is a one-to-one correspondence between the groupof PRACH preamble scrambling codes in a cell and the

primary scrambling code used in the downlink of the cell.

The k :th PRACH preamble scrambling code within thecell with downlink primary scrambling code m, k = 0, 1,

2, …, 15 and m = 0, 1, 2, …, 511, is Sr-pre,n(i) as defined

above with n = 16×m + k .

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PRACH Preamble Si natures

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.59

PRACH Preamble Signatures

1-1-11-111-1-111-11-1-11P15

(n)

-1-11111-1-111-1-1-1-111P14

(n)

-11-111-11-11-11-1-11-11P13

(n)

1111-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-11111P12

(n)

-111-1-111-11-1-111-1-11P11

(n)

11-1-111-1-1-1-111-1-111P10

(n)

1-11-11-11-1-11-11-11-11P9(n)

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-111111111P8(n)

-111-11-1-11-111-11-1-11P7(n)

11-1-1-1-11111-1-1-1-111P6(n)

1-11-1-11-111-11-1-11-11P5(n)

-1-1-1-11111-1-1-1-11111P4(n)

1-1-111-1-111-1-111-1-11P3(n)

-1-111-1-111-1-111-1-111P2(n)

-11-11-11-11-11-11-11-11P1(n)

1111111111111111P0(n)

1514131211109876543210

Value of nPreamble

Signature

Structure of the Random-Access Message

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.60

Part Radio Frame

Pilot N pilot bits

Data Ndata bits


Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0,1,2,3.)

Message part radio frame TRACH = 10 ms

Data

ControlTFCI

NTFCI bits


PRACH Message Part

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.61

PRACH Message Part

Data part

10*2k bits, where k=0,1,2,3.

Corresponds to a SF of 256, 128, 64, and 32.

Control part

SF=256.

8 known pilot bits to support channel estimation for coherent detection.

2 TFCI bits corresponds to a certain transport format of thecurrent Random-access message.

The message part length can be determined from thesued signature and/or access slot, as configured byhigher layers.

PRACH Message Part

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.62

PRACH Message Part

Slot Format#i

Channel BitRate (kbps)

ChannelSymbol Rate

(ksps)

SF Bits/Frame

Bits/Slot

Ndata

0 15 15 256 150 10 10

1 30 30 128 300 20 20

2 60 60 64 600 40 40

3 120 120 32 1200 80 80

Slot Format

#i

Channel Bit

Rate (kbps)

Channel

Symbol Rate(ksps)

SF Bits/

Frame

Bits/

Slot

N ilot NTFCI

0 15 15 256 150 10 8 2

Random-access message data fields

Random-access message control fields

PRACH Message Part Pilot Bit Pattern

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.63

PRACH Message Part Pilot Bit Pattern

0

0

1

0

1

0

00

0

1

1

10

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

11

1

1

1

11

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

00

1

1

0

10

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

11

1

1

1

11

1

1

1

0

1

0

0

1

10

1

1

1

00

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

11

1

1

1

11

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

1

11

0

1

0

11

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

11

1

1

1

11

1

1

Slot #0

1

2

3

4

5

67

8

9

10

1112

13

14

76543210Bit #

Npilot = 8

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PRACH Message Part Scrambling Code

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.65

PRACH Message Part Scrambling Code

The scrambling code used for the PRACH message part is 10

ms long, and there are 8192 different PRACH scrambling

codes defined.The n:th PRACH message part scrambling code, denoted Sr-

msg,n, where n = 0, 1, …, 8191, is based on the long scrambling

sequence and is defined as:Sr-msg,n(i) = Clong,n(i + 4096), i = 0, 1, …, 38399

The message part scrambling code has a one-to-one

correspondence to the scrambling code used for the preamble

part.

For one PRACH, the same code number is used for both

scrambling codes.

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CPCH Access Preamble Part

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.68

CPCH Access Preamble Part

PCPCH access preamble codes Cc-acc,n,s, are

complex valued sequences.

The RACH preamble signature sequences are used.

The scrambling codes could be either

A different code segment of the Gold code used to form

the scrambling code of the RACH preambles or

The same scrambling code in case the signature set is

shared.

4095,,2,1,0 ,)()()()

24(

,,,, …=××=+

−− k ek C k S k C k j

ssignacccsnaccc

π π

PCPCH Access Preamble Scrambling Code

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.69

There are 40960 PCPCH access preamble scrambling codes intotal.

The n:th PCPCH access preamble scrambling code is defined as:

S c-acc,n (i) = clong,1,n(i), i = 0, 1, …, 4095;

The codes are divided into 512 groups with 80 codes in eachgroup.

There is a one-to-one correspondence between the group of PCPCH access preamble scrambling codes in a cell and the primary scrambling code used in the downlink of the cell.

The k :th PCPCH scrambling code within the cell with downlink

primary scrambling codem

, for k

= 0,..., 79 and m

= 0, 1, 2, …, 511, isSc-acc,n as defined above with n=16×m+k for k=0,...,15 and n = 64×m +(k-16)+8192 for k=16,..., 79.

CPCH Collision Detection (CD)

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.70

Preamble PartThe PCPCH CD preamble codes Cc-cd,n,s are complex

valued sequences.

The RACH preamble signature sequences are used.

The scrambling code is chosen to be a different code

segment of the Gold code used to form the scrambling

code for the RACH and CPCH preambles.

4095,,2,1,0 ,)()()()

24(

,,,, …=××=+

−− k ek C k S k C k j

ssigncd csncd c

π π

PCPCH CD Preamble Scrambling Code

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.71

H D r m r m ng

There are 40960 PCPCH-CD preamble scrambling codes intotal.

The n:th PCPCH CD access preamble scrambling code, where n =

0 ,..., 40959 , is defined as:

S c-cd,n(i) = clong,1,n(i), i = 0, 1, …, 4095;

The 40960 PCPCH scrambling codes are divided into 512groups with 80 codes in each group.

There is a one-to-one correspondence between the group of PCPCH CD preamble scrambling codes in a cell and the

primary scrambling code used in the downlink of the cell.The k :th PCPCH scrambling code within the cell with downlink

primary scrambling code m, k = 0,1, …, 79 and m = 0, 1, 2, …, 511, isSc-cd, n as defined above with n=16×m+k for k = 0,...,15 and n =

64×m + (k -16)+8192 for k =16,...,79.

CPCH Power Control Preamble Part

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.72

The power control preamble segment is called the CPCHPower Control Preamble (PC-P) part.

The slot format for CPCH PC-P part shall be the same as for the CPCH message part.

The scrambling code for the PCPCH power control preambleis the same as for the PCPCH message part.

The channelization code the PCPCH power control preambleis the same as the control part of message part.

12251015025615151

02261015025615150

NFBIN TFCIN TPCNpilotBits /Slot

Bits /

Slot

SFChannelSymbol Rate

(ksps)

Channel BitRate (kbps)

SlotFormat #i

Frame Structure for PCPCH

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.73

Pilot

N pilot bitsTPC

NTPC bits

Data

Ndata bits


1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms = 38400 chips

Data

ControlFBI

NFBI bits

TFCI

NTFCI bits

Tslot = 2560 chips,


Ndata= 10*2k bits (k=0,1,…,6)

PCPCH Message Part

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.74

g

Up to N_MAX_frames 10ms frames.

N_Max_frames is a higher layer parameter.

Each 10 ms frame is split into 15 slots, each of length2560 chips.

Each slot consists of two parts:

Data part carries higher layer information.

Data part consists of 10*2k bits, where k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

SF= 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4.

Control part carries Layer 1 control information with SF = 256.Slot format is the same as CPCH PC-P part.

PCPCH Message Part Spreading

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.75

g p g

βccc

cd βd

Sc-msg,n

I+jQ

PCPCH message

control part

PCPCH message

data partI

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PCPCH Message Part Scrambling CodeAllocation

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.78

The n:th PCPCH message part scrambling code, denoted Sc-

msg,n, where n =8192,8193, …,40959 is based on thescrambling sequence and is defined as:

Long scrambling codes : Sr-msg,n(i) = Clong,n(i ), i = 0, 1, …, 38399

Short scrambling codes : Sr-msg,n(i) = Cshort,n(i), i = 0, 1, …, 38399

The 32768 PCPCH scrambling codes are divided into 512groups with 64 codes in each group.

There is a one-to-one correspondence between the group of PCPCH preamble scrambling codes in a cell and the primary

scrambling code used in the downlink of the cell.

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Uplink Modulation

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.80

The uplink modulation should be designed:

The audible interference from the terminal transmission is

minimized.

The terminal amplifier efficiency is maximized.

Audible interference:

Discontinuous uplink transmission can cause audibleinterference to audio equipment that is very close to the

terminal.

Solution: WCDMA uplink doesn’t adopt time multiplexing.

Physical Layer Control Information (DPDCH)

User Data (DPDCH) User Data (DPDCH)DTX Period

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Table of Contents

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.82

Introduction

Downlink Transmit Diversity

Open loop transmit diversitySpace Time Block Coding Based Transmit Antenna Diversity(STTD)

Time Switched Transmit Diversity for Synchronization Channel(TSTD)

Closed loop transmit diversity

Dedicated Downlink Physical ChannelsDownlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DL DPCH)

Common Downlink Physical Channels1. Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

2. Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)

3. Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)

Table of Contents

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.83

Common Downlink Physical Channels (continue)

4. Synchronization Channel (SCH)

5. Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)

6. Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)

7. CPCH Access Preamble Acquisition Indicator Channel (AP-AICH)

8. CPCH Collision Detection/Channel Assignment Indicator Channel

(CD/CA-ICH)

9. Page indicator channel (PICH)

10. CPCH Status Indicator Channel (CSICH)

Spreading

Modulation

Timing Relationship

Introduction

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.84

Downlink DPCH

AICH, CPICHCCPCH, PICH

Idle

MS

On-line

MS

Power-on

MS

SCH

Downlink Transmit Diversity

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.85

Open loop transmit diversity: STTD and TSTD

Closed loop transmit diversityBS

ˇˇ-DL-DPCCH for CPCH

-ˇ-CD/CA-ICH

-ˇ-AP-AICH

– ˇ – CSICH

– ˇ – AICH

ˇˇ – PDSCH

– ˇ – PICH

ˇˇ – DPCH

– ˇ – S-CCPCH

– – ˇSCH

– ˇ – P-CCPCH

ModeSTTDTSTD

Closed loopOpen loop modePhysical channel type

Space Time Block Coding Based TransmitAntenna Diversity (STTD)

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.86

The STTD encoding is optional in UTRAN. STTD

support is mandatory at the UE.

STTD encoding is applied on blocks of 4 consecutivechannel bits.

b 0 b 1 b 2 b 3

b 0 b 1 b 2 b 3

-b 2 b 3 b 0 -b 1

An tenna 1

An tenna 2

C hann el bits

ST T D encoded channel bi ts

for antenna 1 an d antenna 2.

Time Switched Transmit Diversity for SCH(TSTD)

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.87

TSTD can be applied to TSTD.

TSTD for the SCH is optional in UTRAN, while TSTD

support is mandatory in the UE.

P rimarySCH

SecondarySCH

256 chips

2560 chips

One 10 ms SCH radio frame

acs,

acp

acs,

acp

acs,

acp

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #14

Antenna 1

Antenna 2

acs ,0

acp

acsi,1

acp

acsi,14

acp

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #14

acsi,2

acp

Slot #2

(Tx OFF)

(Tx OFF)

(Tx OFF)

(Tx OFF)

(Tx OFF)

(Tx OFF)

(Tx OFF)

(Tx OFF)

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Closed Loop Mode Transmit Diversity

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.89

The spread complex valued signal is fed to both TXantenna branches, and weighted with antenna specificweight factors w1 and w2 , where wi = ai + jbi .

The weight factors (phase adjustments in closed loopmode 1 and phase/amplitude adjustments in closed loop mode 2) are determined by the UE, and signalled to the UTRAN access point(=cell transceiver) using the D sub-field of the FBIfield of uplink DPCCH.

For the closed loop mode 1 different (orthogonal)

dedicated pilot symbols in the DPCCH are sent onthe 2 different antennas. For closed loop mode 2 thesame dedicated pilot symbols in the DPCCH are senton both antennas.

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Closed Loop Mode 1

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.92

The UE uses the CPICH transmitted both from antenna 1 and antenna 2 to calculate the phase adjustment to be applied atUTRAN access point to maximise the UE received power.

In each slot, UE calculates the optimum phase adjustment, φ ,for antenna 2, which is then quantized into having two

possible values as follows:

where

If = 0, a command '0' is sent to UTRAN using the FSM ph

field. If = π, command '1' is sent to UTRAN using theFSM ph field.

⎩⎨⎧ ≤−<

= otherwise,0

2/3)(2/if , π φ φ π π φ

ir

Q

⎩

⎨⎧

=

==

13,11,9,7,5,3,1,2/

14,12,10,8,6,4,2,0,0)(

i

iir

π φ

Qφ Qφ

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Downlink Dedicated Physical Channels (DPCH)

h i l f d li k d di d h i l

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.94

There is only one type of downlink dedicated physical

channel, the Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DL

DPCH).

Within one downlink DPCH, dedicated data generated at

Layer 2 and above, i.e. the dedicated transport channel

(DCH), is transmitted in time-multiplex with controlinformation generated at Layer 1 (known pilot bits, TPC

commands, and an optional TFCI).

Frame Structure of DL DPCH

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.95

One radio frame, Tf = 10 ms

TPC

NTPC bits


Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..7)

Data2

Ndata2 bits

DPDCH

TFCI

NTFCI bits

Pilot

N pilot bits

Data1

Ndata1 bits

DPDCH DPCCH DPCCH

DL DPCH

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.96

Parameters

Each frame= 15 slots = 10 ms

Each slot= 2560 chips

Each slot= one power-control period.

SF = 512/2k (e.g., SF=512, 256, ...,4)

Two basic typesWith TFCI (for several simultaneous services)

Without TFCI (fixed-rate services)

It is the UTRAN that determines if a TFCI should betransmitted and it is mandatory for all UEs to supportthe use of TFCI in the downlink.

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DL DPCH Fields (table is not completed)

TransmittedDPCCHDPDCHBits /SFChannelChanneSlot

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.98

8-14442822025615305A

154221022025615305

8-148042444012830604B

8-144021222025615304A

154021222025615304

8-144442444012830603B

8-142421022025615303A

152221222025615303

8-144042844012830602B

8-142021422025615302A

152021422025615302

8-14844402025615301B

1542220105127.5151

8-14804802025615300B

8-1440240105127.5150A

1540240105127.5150

NPilot

NTFCI

NTPC

NData2

NData1

Transmitted

slots per

radio frame NTr

DPCCH

Bits/Slot

DPDCH

Bits/Slot

Bits /

Slot

SFChannel

Symbol

Rate (ksps)

Channe

Bit Rate

(kbps)

Slot

Format #i

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DL DPCH Multi-Code Transmission

DPDCHDPDCH Condition:

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.101

Transmission

Power Physical Channel 1

Transmission

Power Physical Channel 2

Transmission

Power Physical Channel L

DPDCH

One Slot (2560 chips)

TFCI PilotTPC

• • •

DPDCH Condition:

Total bit rate to be

transmitted exceeds

the maximum bit rate

Layer 1 controlinformation is

transmitted only on

the first DL DPCH.

Multicode

transmission is

mapped onto several

parallel downlink

DPCHs using the same

spreading factor.

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

Frame Structure:

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.102

Frame Structure:

Pre-defined symbol sequence


Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits = 10 symbols

1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms

Common Pilot Channel

Th CPICH i fi d (30 kb SF 256)

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.103

The CPICH is a fixed rate (30 kbps, SF=256)

downlink physical channel that carries a pre-defined

bit/symbol sequence.In case transmit diversity (open or closed loop) is

used on any downlink channel in the cell, the CPICH

shall be transmitted from both antennas using thesame channelization and scrambling code.

There are two types of Common pilot channels:

The Primary CPICH.The Secondary CPICH.

Transmit Diversity of CPICH

Modulation pattern for Common Pilot Channel (with A

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.104

Modulation pattern for Common Pilot Channel (with A

= 1+j)

slot #1

Frame#i+1Frame#i

slot #14

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

-A -A A A -A -A A A -A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A -AAntenna 2

Antenna 1

slot #0

Frame Boundary

In case of no transmit diversity, thesymbol sequence of Antenna 1 is used.

The Primary CPICH

The Primary Common Pilot Channel (P-CPICH) has the

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.105

The Primary Common Pilot Channel (P CPICH) has thefollowing characteristics:

The same channelization code is always used for the P-CPICH;

The P-CPICH is scrambled by the primary scrambling code;There is one and only one P-CPICH per cell;

The P-CPICH is broadcast over the entire cell.

The Primary CPICH is a phase reference for the following

downlink channels: SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH AP-AICH, CD/CA-ICH, CSICH, DL-DPCCH for CPCH and theS-CCPCH.

By default, the Primary CPICH is also a phase reference for

downlink DPCH and any associated PDSCH.The Primary CPICH is always a phase reference for adownlink physical channel using closed loop TX diversity.

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Downlink Phase Reference

D di t d Pil tS d CPICHP i CPICHPh i l Ch l T

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.107

––DL-DPCCH for CPCH

––CSICH

–– AICH

ˇPDSCH*

––PICH

ˇDPCH

––S-CCPCH

––SCH

––P-CCPCH

Dedicated PilotSecondary-CPICHPrimary-CPICHPhysical Channel Type

Note *: the same phase reference as with the associated DPCH shall be used.

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Secondary Common Control PhysicalChannel (S-CCPCH)

S-CCPCH is used to carry the FACH and PCH.

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.109

Two types of S-CCPCHs: those that include TFCI and those

that do not include TFCI.

It is the UTRAN that determines if a TFCI should betransmitted, hence making it mandatory for all UEs to support

the use of TFCI.



Pilot

N pilot bits

Data

Ndata1 bits


TFCI

NTFCI bits

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Synchronization Channel (SCH)

The Primary SCH consists of a modulated code of

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.114

ylength 256 chips, the Primary Synchronisation Code(PSC), transmitted once every slot.

The PSC is the same for every cell in the system.The primary and secondary synchronization codes aremodulated by the symbol a, which indicates the

presence/ absence of STTD encoding on the P-CCPCH:

a = -1P-CCPCH not STTD encodeda = +1P-CCPCH STTD encoded

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The PDSCH is used to carry the Downlink Shared Channel

Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.116

(DSCH).

A PDSCH corresponds to a channelisation code below or at

a PDSCH root channelisation code.A PDSCH is allocated on a radio frame basis to a UE.

Within one radio frame, UTRAN may allocate different

PDSCHs under the same PDSCH root channelisation codeto different UEs based on code multiplexing.

Within the same radio frame, multiple parallel PDSCHs,with the same spreading factor, may be allocated to a single

UE.All the PDSCHs are operated with radio framesynchronisation.

Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)

PDSCHs allocated to the same UE on different radioframes may have different spreading factors

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.117

frames may have different spreading factors.

Frame structure of PDSCH:



Data

Ndata1 bits


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The AICH consists of a repeated sequence of 15

ti l t (AS) h f l th 5120


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WITS Lab, NSYSU.120

consecutive access slots (AS), each of length 5120

chips.

Each access slot consists of two parts, an Acquisition-

Indicator (AI) part consisting of 32 real-valued

symbols a0, …, a31 and a part of duration 1024 chips

with no transmission that is not formally part of the

AICH.

The part of the slot with no transmission is reserved for

possible use by CSICH or possible future use by other

physical channels.

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AICH signature patterns bs,0, …, bs,31:


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WITS Lab, NSYSU.122

The AP-AICH is a fixed rate (SF=256) physical channel

used to carry AP acquisition indicators (API) of CPCH

CPCH Access Preamble AcquisitionIndicator Channel (AP-AICH)

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.123

used to carry AP acquisition indicators (API) of CPCH.

AP acquisition indicator APIs corresponds to AP

signature s transmitted by UE.

Frame structure:

1024 chips

Transmission Off

AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS #i AS #14 AS #0

a1 a2a0 a31a30

API part =4096 chips, 32 real-valued symbols

20 ms

CPCH Access Preamble AcquisitionIndicator Channel (AP-AICH)

AP-AICH and AICH may use the same or different

h li i d h h f f h

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.124

channelisation codes. The phase reference for the AP-

AICH is the Primary CPICH.The AP-AICH has a part of duration 4096 chips where

the AP acquisition indicator (API) is transmitted,

followed by a part of duration 1024chips with notransmission that is not formally part of the AP-AICH.

The spreading factor (SF) used for channelisation of

the AP-AICH is 256.APIs (1, 0, -1) ~( ACK, No ACK, NACK)

CPCH Collision Detection/Channel AssignmentIndicator Channel (CD/CA-ICH)

The CD/CA-ICH is a fixed rate (SF=256) physical

channel used to carry CD Indicator (CDI) only if the

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.125

channel used to carry CD Indicator (CDI) only if the

CA is not active, or CD Indicator/CA Indicator

(CDI/CAI) at the same time if the CA is active.

CD/CA-ICH frame structure:

1024 chips

Transmission Off

AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS #i AS #14 AS #0

a1 a2a0 a31a30

CDI/CAI part =4096 chips, 32 real-valued symbols

20 ms

CD/CA-ICH and AP-AICH may use the same or

different channelisation codes

CPCH Collision Detection/Channel AssignmentIndicator Channel (CD/CA-ICH)

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.126

different channelisation codes.

The CD/CA-ICH has a part of duration of 4096chips

where the CDI/CAI is transmitted, followed by a part of

duration 1024chips with no transmission that is not

formally part of the CD/CA-ICH.

The spreading factor (SF) used for channelisation of the

CD/CA-ICH is 256.


The PCH is to provide terminals with efficient sleepmode operation.

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.127

p

For detection of the PICH, the terminal needs to obtain

the phase reference from the CPICH, and as with theAICH, the PICH needs to be heard by all terminals inthe cell and thus needs to be sent at high power level

without power control.The PICH is a fixed rate (SF=256) physical channelused to carry the paging indicators.

The PICH is always associated with an S-CCPCH towhich a PCH transport channel is mapped.


bb

288 bits for paging indication12 bits (transmission

off)

b b b

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.128

One PICH radio frame of length 10 ms consists of 300 bits (b0,

b1, …, b299).288 bits (b0, b1, …, b287) are used to carry paging indicators.

The remaining 12 bits are not formally part of the PICH and shall not be transmitted.

The part of the frame with no transmission is reserved for possible future use.

b1b0

One radio frame (10 ms)

b287 b288 b299


In each PICH frame, Np paging indicators {P0, …,

P } are transmitted where Np=18 36 72 or 144

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.129

P Np-1} are transmitted, where Np=18, 36, 72, or 144.

The PI calculated by higher layers for use for acertain UE, is associated to the paging indicator Pq,

where q is computed as a function of:

The PI computed by higher layers;The SFN of the P-CCPCH radio frame during which the

start of the PICH radio frame occurs;

The number of paging indicators per frame (Np).

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦( )( )( ) Np Np

SFN SFN SFN SFN PI q mod 144

144mod 512/64/8/18 ⎟⎟ ⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛ ⎥⎦

⎥⎢⎣

⎢ ×+++×+=


The PI calculated by higher layers is associated with the value

of the paging indicator P .

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.130

of the paging indicator Pq.

If a paging indicator in a certain frame is set to "1“, it is an

indication that UEs associated with this paging indicator and PI should read the corresponding frame of the associated S-

CCPCH.

The PI bitmap in the PCH data frames over Iub containsindication values for all higher layer PI values possible. Each

bit in the bitmap indicates if the paging indicator associated

with that particular PI shall be set to 0 or 1. Hence, the

calculation in the formula above is to be performed in Node Bto make the association between PI and Pq.

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SecondarySCH

PrimarySCH

Timing Relationship between PhysicalChannels

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.136

k:th S-CCPCH

AICH accessslots

τS-CCPCH,k

10 ms

τPICH

#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4

Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 0 Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 1

τDPCH,n

P-CCPCH

Any CPICH

PICH for k:thS-CCPCH

Any PDSCH

n:th DPCH

10 ms

The P-CCPCH, on which the cell SFN is transmitted, is

used as timing reference for all the physical channels,


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WITS Lab, NSYSU.137

directly for downlink and indirectly for uplink.

Transmission timing for uplink physical channels is

given by the received timing of downlink physical

channels.

SCH (primary and secondary), CPICH (primary and

secondary), P-CCPCH, and PDSCH have identical

frame timings.

The S-CCPCH timing may be different for different S-CCPCHs, but the offset from the P-CCPCH frame timing isa multiple of 256 chips i e τ = T × 256 chip


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WITS Lab, NSYSU.138

a multiple of 256 chips, i.e.τS-CCPCH,k Tk × 256 chip,T

k ∈ {0, 1, …, 149}.

The PICH timing isτPICH = 7680 chips prior to itscorresponding S-CCPCH frame timing, i.e. the timing of theS-CCPCH carrying the PCH transport channel with the

corresponding paging information.AICH access slots #0 starts the same time as P-CCPCHframes with (SFN modulo 2) = 0.

The DPCH timing may be different for different DPCHs, butthe offset from the P-CCPCH frame timing is a multiple of 256 chips, i.e.τDPCH,n = Tn × 256 chip, Tn ∈ {0, 1, …, 149}.

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PRACH/AICH Timing Relation

The downlink AICH is divided into downlink access slots, eachaccess slot is of length 5120 chips.

The uplink PRACH is divided into uplink access slots, each access

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.140

The uplink PRACH is divided into uplink access slots, each access

slot is of length 5120 chips.

Uplink access slot number n is transmitted from the UE τ p-a chips

prior to the reception of downlink access slot number n,

n = 0, 1, …, 14.One access slot

τp-a

τp-mτp-p

Pre-amble Pre-amble Message part

Acq.Ind.

AICH accessslots RX at UE

PRACH accessslots TX at UE

PRACH/AICH Timing Relation

Transmission of downlink acquisition indicators mayonly start at the beginning of a downlink access slot.

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.141

Similarly, transmission of uplink RACH preambles and

RACH message parts may only start at the beginning of

an uplink access slot.

The preamble-to-preamble distance τ p-p

shall be larger

than or equal to the minimum preamble-to-preamble

distance

τ p-p,min, i.e. τ p-p ≥ τ p-p,min.

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DPCCH/DPDCH Timing Relations

Uplink

In uplink the DPCCH and all the DPDCHs transmitted from one UE

have the same frame timing.

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.144

g

Downlink In downlink, the DPCCH and all the DPDCHs carrying CCTrCHs of

dedicated type to one UE have the same frame timing.

Note: support of multiple CCTrChs of dedicated type is not part of the

current release.Uplink/downlink timing at UE

At the UE, the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH frame transmission takes place

approximately T0 chips after the reception of the first detected path (in

time) of the corresponding downlink DPCCH/DPDCH frame.

T0 is a constant defined to be 1024 chips.

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Spreading with SCH

Different downlink

Physical channels

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.146

Σ

G1

G2

GP

GS

S-SCH

P-SCH

Σ

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Multiplexing and Channel Coding( 3G TS 25.212 )

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Table of Contents

Overview of MCC

Transport channel related terminologies

UL MCC

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UL-MCC

DL-MCC

Some examples

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Overview of MCC

Multiplexing and channel coding (MCC) is

a key procedure in 3GPP PHY to support QoS

requirements from upper layers

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.151

requirements from upper layers

MCC interfaces with the 3GPP MAC layer by transportchannels (TrCHs)

Different QoS requirements may assign to different

transport channelsTransport channels are processed and multiplexed into

one or more physical channels (PhCHs) by MCC

UL Multiplexing and Channel Coding

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.152

DL Multiplexing and Channel Coding

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.153

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Transport Channel RelatedTerminologies

Transport formatFormat of definition for the delivery of transport block set during aTTI (transmission time interval)

Format contains

D i t

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Dynamic part

Transport block size

Transport block set size

Static part

Transmission time interval

Error protection

Channel coding type (1/2,1/3convolutional, turbo,no cc)

Rate matching parameter

CRC size (8bit, 12bit, 16bit, 24bit, no CRC)Ex:

{320bits, 640bits}, { 10ms, ½convolutional code, rate matching parameter = 1, 8bits CRC }

Transport format setThe set of transport formats associated to a transport channel

Transport block set size and transport block size can be


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WITS Lab, NSYSU.157

different in a transport format setAll other parameters are fixed in a transport format set

Ex:

{ 40bits, 40bits } , { 80bits, 80bits }, { 160bits, 160bits }

{ 10ms, ½convolutional code, rate matching parameter = 1,

8bits CRC }

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TFCS is defined every radio link setup

Each TF can change every TTI indicated by higher layer

Receiver will be noted via “TFCI” bits in DPCCH


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WITS Lab, NSYSU.161

Pilot

N pilot bits

TPC

NTPC bits

Data

Ndata bits




DPDCH

DPCCH

FBI

NFBI bits

TFCI

NTFCI bits

Tslot = 2560 chips, Ndata = 10*2k bits (k=0..6)

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UL-MCC

CRC-attachmentFor error detection

gCRC24(D) = D24 + D23 + D6 + D5 + D + 1

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.163

gCRC16(D) = D16 + D12 + D5 + 1gCRC12(D) = D12 + D11 + D3+ D2 + D + 1

gCRC8(D) = D8 + D7 + D4+ D3 + D + 1

TrBk

TrBk

UL-MCC

TrBk concatenation

TrBk

TrBk CRC

CRCTrBk CRC TrBk CRC

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.164

Code block segmentationInput block size of channel encoder is limited

convolutional coding : 504 bit max

turbo coding : 5114 bit max

The whole input block is segmented into the same smaller size. Filler bits

are added to the last block

TrBk CRC

1498 bits 500 bits 500 bits 498 bits

2 filler bits

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UL-MCC

Concatenation of encoded blocksRadio frame size equalization

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.167

301 301Code block

After CC, rate 1/2 602 16 602 16

ConcatenationOf encoded blocks

1236

Assume TTI=8, 1236/8 = 154.5,So we add 4 to let it can be divided by 8

1236 4

Radio frame size

equalization

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UL-MCC

1st interleaving:

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.169

Input bits

STEP 1

Write input bits

row by row

0 2 1 3

STEP 2

Inter-column

permutation

STEP 3

Read output bits

column by column

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Rate matching

How could we decide which bits should be punctured/repeated?Determine of eini, e plus, eminus

e = eini

1

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.172

m = 1do while m < Xi (input bit length before RM)

e = e – eminus -- update error

if e <= 0 then -- check if bit m be punctured/ repeated

Repeat or puncture xm

e = e + e plus -- update error

end if

m = m + 1 -- next bit

end do

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DL-MCC

1. CRC attachment2. TrBk concatenation / code block segmentation

3. Channel coding

4. Rate matching

1 t i i f i di i

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.176

5. 1st insertion of DTX indication

6. 1st interleaving

7. Radio frame segmentation

8. TrCH multiplexing

9. 2nd insertion of DTX indication

10. Physical channel segmentation

11. 2nd interleaving12. Physical channel mapping

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Rate Matching

2 solutions in DL-RMFixed position

Use the maximum Ni in TFS i for all i as the data size before RM

Calculate forΔNi as in UL case

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.178

Calculate for Δ N as in UL caseFlexible position

Find maximum RMi*Ni,j for all combination j

Calculate for Δ Ni

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Rate Matching

Normal modeFor frames not overlapping with transmission gap

Compressed mode

Frames overlapping with transmission gap

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.180

Frames overlapping with transmission gapFrame structure of type A

Frame structure of type B

Slot # (Nfirst - 1)

T

PCData1TFCI Data2 PL

Slot # (Nlast + 1)

PL Data1

T

PC

TFCI Data2 PL

transmission gap

Slot # (Nfirst - 1)

TPC

Data1 TFCI Data2 PL

Slot # (Nlast + 1)

PL Data1 TPC

TFCI Data2 PL

transmission gap

TPC

Rate Matching

Compressed mode by puncturingUse rate matching algorithm to generate available space for transmission gap

We insert p-bits corresponding to the transmission gap length

and will be removed later

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.181

and will be removed later

Using slot format A

Compressed mode by reducing the spreading factor by 2

Using slot format B (reduce spreading factor by 2) to increaseavailable transmission bits

Compressed mode by higher layer scheduling

Higher layer schedule the transmission dataUsing slot format A

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Detail Issues in MCC

Why RM is done after 1st interleaving and radio frame

segmentation in UL ?

Although transport format for the individual TrCH changes

only once per TTI combination of TrCHs may be different in

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.184

only once per TTI, combination of TrCHs may be different in

each frame

Rate matching shall be done on a frame-by-frame basis to

dynamically assign PhCH resources

Therefore, radio frame segmentation is performed before rate

matching

Detail Issues in MCC

But, why RM is done before 1st interleaving and radio

frame segmentation in DL ?

PhCH resources are pre-assigned by the upper layers in DLR hi b d b f 1 t i l i i

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.185

p g y pp yRate matching must be done before 1st interleaving since

DTX insertion of fixed position shall be performed after rate

matching and before 1st interleaving

Rate matching parameters are still calculated on a radio

frame basis

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UL 12.2 kbps dataT r C h # aT r a n s p o r t b lo c k

C R C a t ta c h m e n t *

C R C

T a i l b i t a t ta c h m e n t *

C o n v o l u t i o n a lc o d i n g R = 1 / 3 , 1 /2

N T r C H a

N T r C H a

3 * ( N T r C H a + 2 0 )

T a i l

8 N T r C H a+ 1 2

1 2

T r C h # b

N T r C H b

N T r C H b

3 * ( N T r C H b+ 8 * N T r C H b/ 1 0 3 )

T a i l

8 * N T r C H b / 1 0 3 N T r C H b

T r C h # c

N T r C H c

N T r C H c

2 * ( N T r C H c+ 8 * N T r C H c/ 6 0 )

T a i l

8 * N T r C H c/ 6 0 N T r C H c

R a d io f ra m el i t i

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.187

R a t e m a t c h in g

1 s t i n t e r l e a v i n g

R a d io f ra m es e g m e n t a ti o n

# 1 a

T o T r C h M u l tip l e x in g

# 1 c # 2 c

e q u a l i z a t i o n

3 * ( N T r C H a + 2 0 ) 3 * ( N T r C H b + 8 * N T r C H b/1 0 3 ) 2 * ( N T r C H c+ 8 * N T r C H c/ 6 0 )1 1

# 2 b # 1 b # 2 b

3 * ( N T r C H a + 2 0 ) + 1 *

⎡ N T r C H a / 8 1 ⎤3 * (

N T r C H b+ 8 * N T r C H b/ 1 0 3 ) + 1 * N T rC

2 * ( N T r C H c+ 8 * N T r C H c/ 6 0 )

# 1 a

N R F a N R F a N R F b N R F b N R F c N R F c

# 2 b # 1 b # 2 b # 1 c # 2 c

N R F a + N R M _ 1 a N R F a + N R M _ 2 b N R F b+ N R M _ 1 b N R F b + N R M _ 2 b N R F c+ N R M

_ 1 c

N R F c+ N R M _

2 c

N R F a = [ 3 * ( N T r C H a + 2 0 ) + 1 * ⎡ N T r C H a /8 1 ⎤ ] /2

N R F b= [ 3 * ( N T r C H b+ 8 * N T r C H b/ 1 0 3 ) + 1 * N T r C H b / 1 0 3 ] / 2 N R F c= N T r C H c+ 8 * N T r C H c / 6 0

* C R C a n d t a i l b i ts f o r T rC H # a i s a tt a c h e d e v e n i f N T r C h a = 0 b i ts s in c e C R C p a r i ty b i t a tt a c h m e n t f o r 0 b i t t r a n s p o r t b lo c k i s a p p l i e d .

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UL 384 kbps data T r a n s p o r t b l o c k

C R C a t ta c h m e n t

C R C

3 3 6

3 3 6 1 6

3 5 2 * B

T r B k c o n c a t e n a t io nB T r B k s( B = 0 , 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 , 1 2 , 2 4 )

C o d e b l o c k s e g m e n t a ti o n

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.189

T u r b o c o d i n g R = 1 / 3

1 0 5 6 * B + 2 4 * ⎡ B / 2 4 ⎤


T a i l b i t a tt a c h m e n t

T o T r C h M u l t i p l e x i n g

T a i l

5 2 8 * B

1 7 6 * B1 7 6 * B

5 2 8 * B 1 2 * ⎡ B / 2 4 ⎤ 5 2 8 * B 1 2 * ⎡ B / 2 4 ⎤

R a t e m a t c h i n g

# 1 # 2

R a d i o f r a m es e g m e n t a ti o n

( 1 0 5 6 * B + 2 4 * ⎡ B / 2 4 ⎤ ) / 2 ( 1 0 5 6 * B + 2 4 * ⎡ B / 2 4 ⎤ ) / 2

# 1 # 2

( 1 0 5 6 * B + 2 4 * ⎡ B / 2 4 ⎤ ) / 2 + N R M 1 ( 1 0 5 6 * B + 2 4 * ⎡ B / 2 4 ⎤ ) / 2 + N R M 2

T a i l

5 2 8 * B

12.2 kbps + 3.4 kbps data

12.2 kbps data 3.4 kbps data

TrCH

multiplexing

#1a #2a #1b #2b #1c #2c #1a #2a #1b #2b #1c #2c #1 #2 #3 #4

12.2 kbps data

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.190

multiplexing

60 ksps DPDCH

2nd interleaving

Physical channelmapping

#1#1a #1c

CFN=4N CFN=4N+1

#1b #2#2a #2c#2b #3#1a #1c#1b #4#2a #2c#2b

600 600 600 600

CFN=4N+2 CFN=4N+3

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DL 12.2 kbps dataT r C h # aT r a n s p o r t b l o c k

C R C a t t a c h m e n t *

C R C

T a i l b i t a t ta c h m e n t *

C o n v o l u t i o n a lc o d i n g R = 1 / 3 , 1 /2

R a t e m a t c h i n g

N T r C H a

N T r C H a

3 * ( N T r C H a + 2 0 )

T a i l

8 N T r C H a + 1 2

1 2

T r C h # b

N T r C H b

N T r C H b

3 * ( N T r C H b + 8 * N T r C H b / 1 0 3 )

T a i l

8 * N T r C H b / 1 0 3 N T r C H b

T r C h # c

N T r C H c

N T r C H c

2 * ( N T r C H c + 8 * N T r C H c / 6 0 )

T a i l

8 * N T r C H c / 6 0 N T r C H c

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.192

3 * ( N T r C H a + 2 0 ) + N R M a


R a d i o f r a m es e g m e n t a t i o n

# 1 a

T o T r C h M u l ti p l e x in g

R F a = [ 3 * ( N T r C H a + 2 0 ) + N R M a + N D Ia ] / 2

R F b = [ 3 * ( N T r C H b + 8 * N T r C H b / 1 0 3 ) + N R M b + N D I b ] / 2

R F c= [ 2 * ( N

T r C H c+ 8 * N

T r C H c/ 6 0 ) + N

R M c+ N

D I c] / 2

# 2 a

3 * ( N T r C H b + 8 *

N T r C H b / 1 0 3 ) + N R M b

# 1 b

2 * ( N T r C H c + 8 *

N T r C H c / 6 0 ) + N R M c

# 1 c # 2 c# 2 b

N R F a N R F a N R F b N R F b N R F c N R F c

I n s e r t i o n o f D T Xi n d i c a t i o n

3 * ( N T r C H a + 2 0 ) + N R M a + N D I 1 3 * ( N T r C H b + 8 *

N T r C H b / 1 0 3 ) + N R M b + N D I b

2 * ( N T r C H c + 8 *

N T r C H c / 6 0 ) + N R M c + N D I c

3 * ( N T r C H a + 2 0 ) + N R M a + N D I 1 3 * ( N T r C H b + 8 *

N T r C H b / 1 0 3 ) + N R M b + N D I b

2 * ( N T r C H c + 8 *

N T r C H c / 6 0 ) + N R M c + N D I c

* C R C a n d t a i l b i t s f o r T r C H # a i s a t t a c h e d e v e n i f N T r C h a = 0 b i t s s i n c e C R C p a r i ty b i t a t t a c h m e n t f o r 0 b i t t r a n s p o r t b l o c k i s a p p l i e d .

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12.2 kbps + 3.4 kbps data

12.2 kbps data 3.4 kbps data

TrCH

multiplexing

#1#1a #1c#1b #2#2a #2c#2b #3#1a #1c#1b #4#2a #2c#2b

#1a #2a #1b #2b #1c #2c #1a #2a #1b #2b #1c #2c #1 #2 #3 #4

12.2 kbps data

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WITS Lab, NSYSU.194

30 ksps DPC

2nd interleaving

Physical channel

mapping 1 2 15

CFN=4Nslot

Pilot symbol TPC

1 2 15

CFN=4N+1slot

1 2 15

CFN=4N+2slot

1 2 15

CFN=4N+3slot

510 510 510 510

Documents

3G 7 Physical