3Effective Sentences

8/18/2019 3Effective Sentences

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Effective SentencesEffective Sentences

• Sentences showSentences show

grammaticalgrammaticalrelationships.relationships.

There are also styleThere are also stylerelationships.relationships.


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ffective sentences should


be correctbe correct,, andand1.1. have unity of ideahave unity of idea2.2. emphasize the right partsemphasize the right parts

3.3. show cohesion of partsshow cohesion of parts.. be precise in meaningbe precise in meaning!.!. be concisebe concise

".". show word proprietyshow word propriety#.#. be clear in meaningbe clear in meaning$.$. show variety in structureshow variety in structure..


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ffective sentences should bebe

correct%correct% andand have unity ofhave unity ofidea, emphasize the rightidea, emphasize the rightparts, show cohesion ofparts, show cohesion of

parts, be precise inparts, be precise inmeaning, be concise, showmeaning, be concise, show

word propriety, be clear inword propriety, be clear inmeaning, and show varietymeaning, and show varietyin structure.in structure.


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&efore being effective,&efore being effective,

sentences should besentences should be

correct.correct.

Effective SentencesEffective Sentences


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If necessary, click "To:" to choose aIf necessary, click "To:" to choose a

different recipient type; click Replydifferent recipient type; click Reply

to answer a message: click Replyto answer a message: click Replyto respond to the sender alone andto respond to the sender alone and

Reply All to respond to allReply All to respond to alladdressees in the message. Toaddressees in the message. To

automatically include the tet of aautomatically include the tet of a

message to which you are replyingmessage to which you are replyingin the composition window, clickin the composition window, click

!uote.!uote.


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' practical multipurpose' practical multipurposecompact distillation towercompact distillation tower

effluent gas continuouseffluent gas continuous

analysis solid state unitanalysis solid state unit

(omment on the following(omment on the following

compound nouncompound noun


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)e cannot give you a room on the

e*ecutive floor today, but we canprovide you with a room on the1$th floor with a sea view.

)e can offer you an e*cellentroom on the 1$th floor with a sea+

view since all the rooms on thee*ecutive floor are alreadyoccupied.


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Timeliness is considered aTimeliness is considered a

priority by all managers.priority by all managers.

' ey priority of all managers is' ey priority of all managers istimeliness.timeliness.

'll managers consider timeliness'll managers consider timeliness

as one of their top priorities.as one of their top priorities.


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E*plore the possibility ofE*plore the possibility of

ordering additional supplies andordering additional supplies andensure that the supplies can beensure that the supplies can bedelivered on time.delivered on time.

E*plore the possibility ofE*plore the possibility ofordering additional supplies,ordering additional supplies, butbutmost importantlymost importantly,, ensure that theensure that the

suppliers can deliver them onsuppliers can deliver them ontime-time-


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f on the date of opening of bid, thef on the date of opening of bid, theaverage price of domestic product is notaverage price of domestic product is not

more than 1/ percent above the averagemore than 1/ percent above the averageof types, which price should reflect theof types, which price should reflect theprice of premium 0uality products, andprice of premium 0uality products, and ifif

reasonable bid proposals have beenreasonable bid proposals have beenreceived for the whole quantity received for the whole quantity , the said, the saidbid will be awarded for local productsbid will be awarded for local productsthat do not e*ceed 1/ percent more thanthat do not e*ceed 1/ percent more than

foreign e0uivalents andforeign e0uivalents and the proceduresthe proceduresset forth for awarding contracts willset forth for awarding contracts willapply.apply.


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A bid will be awarded for local products

if the average price of domestic

product is not more than 1/ percentabove the average price of otherrepresentative types

if the price reflects the price of

premium 0uality products if reasonable bid proposals have been

received for the whole 0uantity if they do not e*ceed 1/ percent more

than foreign e0uivalents if the procedures set forth for

awarding contracts will apply.


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f the average price of domesticproduct is not more than 1/ percentabove the average price of otherrepresentative types

if the price reflects the price ofpremium 0uality products

if reasonable bid proposals have beenreceived for the whole 0uantity

if they do not e*ceed 1/ percent morethan foreign e0uivalents

if the procedures set forth forawarding contracts will apply,

the bid will be awarded for local products.


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Electricity is useful. Electricity isElectricity is useful. Electricity is

practical. Electricity is economic.practical. Electricity is economic.Electricity is generated in large powerElectricity is generated in large powerplants. Electricity is environmentallyplants. Electricity is environmentallyfriendly. Electricity is e*pensive.friendly. Electricity is e*pensive.Electricity is important. Electricity isElectricity is important. Electricity isthe bacbone of modern life andthe bacbone of modern life andeconomies. Electricity in Egypt iseconomies. Electricity in Egypt is

$/ from natural gas. Electricity in$/ from natural gas. Electricity inrance is "/ from nuclear sources.rance is "/ from nuclear sources.


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'll supervisors are herewith'll supervisors are herewith

instructed to return theinstructed to return theperformance appraisal formsperformance appraisal forms

for all their employees to thefor all their employees to the

designated 4 officer.designated 4 officer.

5lease return the performance5lease return the performance

appraisal forms to the 4appraisal forms to the 4department.department.


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5lease be informed that for5lease be informed that for

certain uncontrollablecertain uncontrollablecircumstances, we will becircumstances, we will be

unable to handout re0uiredunable to handout re0uired

elements in time becauseelements in time becauseavailable resources shall not beavailable resources shall not be

mobilized in time.mobilized in time.


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They accepted work in a

hey accepted work in a

computer company; the future of

omputer company; the future of

data processing looks good.

ata processing looks good.

&ecause the oil prices is low, the&ecause the oil prices is low, thesearch for new sources of energy issearch for new sources of energy isintensive.intensive.

Working very hard on the budget,

orking very hard on the budget,

the management approved the

he management approved the

outline rapidly.

utline rapidly.

Today, a jet engine develops overoday, a jet engine develops over

4, lb. of thrust which

, lb. of thrust which

weighs ! lb.

eighs ! lb.


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'fford an opportunity 'llow

't this point in time 6ow

eel free to 5lease

n the event that f

ully cognizant of 'ware

n addition to the above 'lso


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Employees will be able to nominateEmployees will be able to nominate

two employees to receive the besttwo employees to receive the best

employee of the month awardemployee of the month award am sending you this announcement am sending you this announcement

to let you all now that riday will be ato let you all now that riday will be a

woring day.woring day. The 7eneral 8anager definitely gave aThe 7eneral 8anager definitely gave a

fine presentation that was actuallyfine presentation that was actually

heard by the employees.heard by the employees.)e must consider this problem.)e must consider this problem.


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f you get a negative performancef you get a negative performanceevaluation during your probationevaluation during your probation

period, you will be terminated.period, you will be terminated.

9ou will secure the position, once 9ou will secure the position, once

you successfully complete youryou successfully complete yourprobation period.probation period.

6egative

5ositive tone


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1: ;nity1: ;nity

The sentence should dealThe sentence should deal

with one idea, or connectswith one idea, or connectsrelated thoughts.related thoughts.


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;nity of the sentence is;nity of the sentence is

disturbed bydisturbed by grammar and style errors,grammar and style errors,

unrelated thoughts,unrelated thoughts, long parts of speech,long parts of speech,misplaced parts of speech,misplaced parts of speech,

e*cessive details.e*cessive details.


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"# mphasis

# mphasis

Special attention given to particularSpecial attention given to particularwords or part


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"# mphasis

# mphasis

The writer can gain or vary emphasis byThe writer can gain or vary emphasis by

placing important parts at the position ofplacing important parts at the position ofnatural stressnatural stressrepeating important partsrepeating important parts

arranging ideas in order of clima*arranging ideas in order of clima*using intensifiers% subordination, =using intensifiers% subordination, =abruptly changing sentence lengthabruptly changing sentence length

putting parts out of customary order putting parts out of customary order

using parallelism, passive>active,using parallelism, passive>active,punctuation, italicization, emphaticpunctuation, italicization, emphaticmood, = etc.mood, = etc.


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Timeliness is considered aTimeliness is considered apriority by all managers.priority by all managers.

n general, timeliness isn general, timeliness isconsidered a priority by allconsidered a priority by allmanagers.managers.

' ey priority of all managers is' ey priority of all managers istimeliness.timeliness.

'll managers consider timeliness'll managers consider timelinessas one of their top priorities.as one of their top priorities.


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(hristopher (holes invented(hristopher (holes inventedtypewriters.typewriters.

Typewriters were invented byTypewriters were invented by(hristopher (holes.(hristopher (holes.

Typewriters were invented aroundTypewriters were invented around

1$"/.1$"/.


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The increasing price of oil may causeThe increasing price of oil may causea shift to other sources of energy.a shift to other sources of energy.

)orldwide, coal should last for at)orldwide, coal should last for atleast 3// years.least 3// years.

?il, on the other hand, will be virtually?il, on the other hand, will be virtually

depleted within the ne*t "/ years.depleted within the ne*t "/ years.' method with old foundations, roc' method with old foundations, roc

splitting by humidifying wood, is stillsplitting by humidifying wood, is still

used these days.used these days.True, we have long meetings withoutTrue, we have long meetings withoutresults.results.


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$eginning phrases usually do not

eginning phrases usually do not

affect emphasis of the main clause or

ffect emphasis of the main clause or

other clauses of the sentence.

ther clauses of the sentence.

The e*panding gases drive the turbine,The e*panding gases drive the turbine,

and the same gases are used to heatand the same gases are used to heat

intae air of the air supply system.intae air of the air supply system.

)hether the engineer is engaged in civil,)hether the engineer is engaged in civil,

mechanical or other profession, he ismechanical or other profession, he is

confronted with data and figures.confronted with data and figures.

&asic to all progress are integrity, faith&asic to all progress are integrity, faith

and hard wor.and hard wor.

E d h id bl b


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Egypt does have considerable but ++Egypt does have considerable but ++

badly managed ++ human resources.badly managed ++ human resources.

;nlie readers of the academic;nlie readers of the academicworld, most readers of the @realworld, most readers of the @real

worldA readworldA read selectively selectively B rather thanB rather than

digesting a piece of writing, theydigesting a piece of writing, theysim+read most of it, sipping fromsim+read most of it, sipping from

one main idea to another until theyone main idea to another until they

come to something that particularlycome to something that particularlyinterests them. Such readers areinterests them. Such readers are

forced to read this way.forced to read this way.

E*ampleBE*ampleB Emphasis cohesion of te*tsEmphasis cohesion of te*ts


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E*ampleBE*ampleB Emphasis, cohesion of te*tsEmphasis, cohesion of te*ts

The two processes,The two processes, speaingspeaing andand writingwriting,, are notare notidenticalidentical.. )riting)riting is notis not simplysimply speechspeech writtenwritten

down on paper. Cearning todown on paper. Cearning to writewrite is not Dust ais not Dust anatural e*tension of natural e*tension of learning tolearning to speaspea a languagea language)e learned to)e learned to speaspea our first language at homeour first language at homewithout systematic instruction%without systematic instruction% whereaswhereas, most of, most of

us had to be taught in school how tous had to be taught in school how to writewrite thatthatsame language. 8any adult nativesame language. 8any adult native speaersspeaers of aof alanguage findlanguage find writingwriting difficultdifficult. '. ' speaer speaer speasspeasto a listener who isto a listener who is right there, nodding orright there, nodding or

frowning, or interrupting or 0uestioningfrowning, or interrupting or 0uestioning. or the. or thewriter writer , the readers, the readers response is either delayed orresponse is either delayed ornone*istentnone*istent..


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Social SillsSocial Sills

1.1. TeamworTeamwor and 7roup Sillsand 7roup Sills2.2. Environment 5rotectionEnvironment 5rotection

3.3. 7eneral Social Sills7eneral Social Sills.. 7eneral Fnowledge7eneral Fnowledge

!.!. 5sychology5sychology

".". 6etworing.6etworing.

(ohesion(ohesion


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(ohesion(ohesionThe sentence is cohesive when parts are tiedThe sentence is cohesive when parts are tiedtogether. (ohesion can be limited to thetogether. (ohesion can be limited to the

sentence, between sentences, and betweensentence, between sentences, and betweenparagraphs.paragraphs.

The chief engineer had, in spite of his notThe chief engineer had, in spite of his not

willing to share us this meeting, pride of thewilling to share us this meeting, pride of thedepartments performance.departments performance.The new hardware is the one to, whetherThe new hardware is the one to, whether

e*pensive or not, use in design.e*pensive or not, use in design.

The production dropped 1/.The production dropped 1/. onsideronsider almost almost 'lways those who watch television'lways those who watch television rarely rarely readreadmuch.much.

(ohesion(ohesion


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(ohesion(ohesionCohesion ToolsCohesion Tools

coordination or subordination%coordination or subordination% information orderingBinformation orderingB active oractive or passive voices, old before new passive voices, old before new repeating specific words within therepeating specific words within the

same sentencesame sentence.. 5ronouns5ronouns the definite articlethe definite article demonstrativesdemonstratives

connectives and transition wordsconnectives and transition words visual formattingvisual formatting other ways of organization.other ways of organization.

E*ampleBE*ampleB Emphasis cohesion of te*tsEmphasis cohesion of te*ts


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E*ampleBE*ampleB Emphasis, cohesion of te*tsEmphasis, cohesion of te*ts

The two processes,The two processes, speaingspeaing andand writingwriting,, are notare notidenticalidentical.. )riting)riting is notis not simplysimply speechspeech writtenwritten

down on paper. Cearning todown on paper. Cearning to writewrite is not Dust ais not Dust anatural e*tension of natural e*tension of learning tolearning to speaspea a languagea language)e learned to)e learned to speaspea our first language at homeour first language at homewithout systematic instruction%without systematic instruction% whereaswhereas, most of, most of

us had to be taught in school how tous had to be taught in school how to writewrite thatthatsame language. 8any adult nativesame language. 8any adult native speaersspeaers of aof alanguage findlanguage find writingwriting difficultdifficult. '. ' speaer speaer speasspeasto a listener who isto a listener who is right there, nodding orright there, nodding or

frowning, or interrupting or 0uestioningfrowning, or interrupting or 0uestioning. or the. or thewriter writer , the readers, the readers response is either delayed orresponse is either delayed ornone*istentnone*istent..


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f on the date of opening of bid, thef on the date of opening of bid, theaverage price of domestic product is notaverage price of domestic product is not

more than 1/ percent above the averagemore than 1/ percent above the averageof types, which price should reflect theof types, which price should reflect theprice of premium 0uality products, andprice of premium 0uality products, and ififreasonable bid proposals have beenreasonable bid proposals have been

received for the whole quantity received for the whole quantity , the said, the saidbid will be awarded for local productsbid will be awarded for local productsthat do not e*ceed 1/ percent more thanthat do not e*ceed 1/ percent more than

foreign e0uivalents andforeign e0uivalents and the proceduresthe proceduresset forth for awarding contracts willset forth for awarding contracts willapply.apply.



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if the average price of domestic

product is not more than 1/ percentabove the average price of otherrepresentative types

if the price reflects the price of

premium 0uality products if reasonable bid proposals have beenreceived for the whole 0uantity

if they do not e*ceed 1/ percent more

than foreign e0uivalents if the procedures set forth for

awarding contracts will apply.

(ohesion(ohesion


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irst of all, the good paragraph has unity: focuseson a single idea or theme. Second, a goodparagraph has coherence: one sentence leads tothe next in some kind of logical sequence. inally,a good paragraph has adequate content B eachsentence contains appropriate details to supportthe main idea.

arallelism

?nce made, you should e*ecute thedecision.


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GarietyB 6egative E*ampleGarietyB 6egative E*ample

)e first choose the style of)e first choose the style ofbrainstorming. )e must notbrainstorming. )e must notcriticize them. )e always as forcriticize them. )e always as for

clarity. )e must write results onclarity. )e must write results onboard. )e first loo for 0uantity notboard. )e first loo for 0uantity not0uality. )e group related thoughts.0uality. )e group related thoughts.

)e ran thought in terms of)e ran thought in terms ofprioritiespriorities..

3:3: G'4ET9G'4ET9


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::

ntroduce variety in te*tsntroduce variety in te*ts. 'void short simple. 'void short simple

sentences.sentences.

Electricity is useful. Electricity is practical.Electricity is useful. Electricity is practical.Electricity is economic. Electricity isElectricity is economic. Electricity isenvironmentally friendly. Electricity isenvironmentally friendly. Electricity isimportant. Electricity is generated in largeimportant. Electricity is generated in large

power stationspower stations;se sentence connective;se sentence connectiveB n additionB n addition

;se coordinating conDunction;se coordinating conDunctionB and, or,B and, or,

;se conDunctive adverb;se conDunctive adverb, however,, however,

;se transitional e*pression;se transitional e*pressionB 5rice, we have seen, isB 5rice, we have seen, is

one aspect of mareting% 0uality is another, butone aspect of mareting% 0uality is another, but

important factor.important factor.

Show tools of variety used in the


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;nlie readers of the academic world,;nlie readers of the academic world,most readers of the @real worldA readmost readers of the @real worldA read

selectively selectively

::

rather than digesting a piecerather than digesting a piece

of writing, they sim+read most of it,of writing, they sim+read most of it,sipping from one main idea to anothersipping from one main idea to anotheruntil they come to something thatuntil they come to something that

particularly interests them. Suchparticularly interests them. Suchreaders are forced to read this way.readers are forced to read this way.

Show tools of variety used in thefollowing te*t.

Show tools of variety used in the


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8ost readers of the @real worldA read8ost readers of the @real worldA readselectively selectively :: they sim+read most ofthey sim+read most of

te*ts, sipping from one main idea tote*ts, sipping from one main idea toanother until they come to somethinganother until they come to somethingthat particularly interests them. Suchthat particularly interests them. Suchreaders are forced to read this way.readers are forced to read this way.

Show tools of variety used in thefollowing te*t.

3: G'4ET93: G'4ET9

G t ttGary sentence pattern


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Gary sentence patternGary sentence patternS+Gi or S+Gi+(. S+Gt+? or S+Gt+?+(S+Gi or S+Gi+(. S+Gt+? or S+Gt+?+(

S+Gt+?H+preposition+?i+(?iS+Gt+?H+preposition+?i+(?iS+Gt+?i+(+?d+(S+Gt+?i+(+?d+(;se leading phrase or clause;se leading phrase or clause;se one or more of the followingB;se one or more of the followingB

6egation, Iuestion, 5assive Goice6egation, Iuestion, 5assive Goice8onosyllabicB8onosyllabicB perform perform oror dodoGary repetitionsGary repetitionsB full>short formsB full>short forms

Gary lengthGary lengthB $ to 2$ words>sentenceB $ to 2$ words>sentence(ombine (lauses(ombine (lausesBB coordinate>subordinatecoordinate>subordinateGary sentences typeGary sentences typeB J / simple, K /B J / simple, K /comple*, K 2/ compoundcomple*, K 2/ compound

E*amplesE*amples


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The increasing price of oil may cause a shift toThe increasing price of oil may cause a shift toother sources of energy.other sources of energy.

)orldwide, coal should last for at least 3// years.)orldwide, coal should last for at least 3// years. ?il, on the other hand, will be virtually depleted?il, on the other hand, will be virtually depletedwithin the ne*t "/ years.within the ne*t "/ years.

' method with old foundations, roc splitting by' method with old foundations, roc splitting by

humidifying wood, is still used these days.humidifying wood, is still used these days. True, we have long meetings without results.True, we have long meetings without results.

E*amplesE*amples


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' great place to wor in is the one where employees' great place to wor in is the one where employeestrust the people they wor for, have pride in what theytrust the people they wor for, have pride in what theydo, and enDoy the people they wor with. (ompaniesdo, and enDoy the people they wor with. (ompanieswith good worplace tend to be better performers inwith good worplace tend to be better performers infinancial terms. The heart of the worplace is in thefinancial terms. The heart of the worplace is in the0uality of relation+ships in itB employees trust the0uality of relation+ships in itB employees trust thepeople they wor for. f a business needs to bepeople they wor for. f a business needs to be

changed, the trust within the worplace will be thechanged, the trust within the worplace will be thecurrency with which that change will be paid.currency with which that change will be paid.

i Sue,


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Lust another note from your bottom+dwellingbrother. thought would share my problem with

you to mae you realize how wor. first mustbore you with a few technicalities of my Dob.8y office lies at the bottom of the sea. wear awet suit to the office. This time of year the water

is 0uite cool. So we have a diesel poweredindustrial water heater. This M2/,/// piece sucsthe water out of the sea and heats it to adelightful temperature. t then pumps it down to

the diver through a hose. when get to thebottom, tae the hose and stuff it down the bacof my wetsuit. This floods my whole suit withwarm water. ts lie woring in a Lacuzzi.


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ue,Lust another note from your bottom+dwelling brother. thought would share my problem with you to mae you realize how wor.


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y p y y first must bore you with a few technicalities of my Dob.8y office lies at the bottom of the sea. wear a wet suit to theoffice. This time of year the water is 0uite cool. So we have a

diesel powered industrial water heater. This M2/,/// piece sucsthe water out of the sea and heats it to a delightful temperature. tthen pumps it down to the diver through a hose. when get to thebottom, tae the hose and stuff it down the bac of my wetsuit.This floods my whole suit with warm water. ts lie woring in aLacuzzi.Everything was going well until all of a sudden, my butt started toitch. So, of course, scratched it. This only made things worse.=. The hot water machine had suced up a Dellyfish. )hen scratched what thought was an itch, was actually grinding the

Dellyfish into my butt. informed the dive supervisor of my

dilemma over the communicator. was instructed to mae 3agonizing decompression stops totaling 3! minutes before could reach the surface to begin dry decompression. )hen arrived at the surface, was wearing nothing but my brasshelmet. couldnt poop for 2 days because my butt hole was


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So, ne*t time you are havingSo, ne*t time you are havinga bad day at wor, thin abouta bad day at wor, thin about

how much worse it would behow much worse it would beif you had a Dellyfish shovedif you had a Dellyfish shoved

up your butt.up your butt.

(onciseness


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'fford an opportunity allow't this point in time now

eel free to please

n the event that if

ully cognizant of aware

n addition to the above also

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3Effective Sentences