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8/8/2019 3E Notes Term 1
1/23
1
3D(2) First Exam Revision Kit
PAPER: General English (G.E.): Jan 11 (Tuesday)IPA
: , .Vowels ()
& i , it, ii, eat, ea, ee
& , lot, o, more, or, al, au, aw
& u , good, oo, ou, you, oo, ou, u?e
(u?e u + + e , rule)
& e e, , e. , bad, a
e, bed, e
, up, u, o, ou , earth, ear, er, ir, ura a, art, a, al, ar
: 150
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, betterer, .e e, A, say,
ai, ay, a?e
(a?e a + + e , cake)
a a, I , ice, ie, i?e, igh, y
(i?e i + + e , ice)
, O , old, o, oa, o?e, ow
(o?e o + + e , hope)
** a, .
, , boy, oi, oy
a a, , out, ou, ow ** , .
, ear, ea, ear, eer, ere
e e, air,
air, are, ere, ear
, poor, oor, our, ure
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, :b d f g h k l m n p r s t w v z, .
d j tht ch th sh s ng j y
VOCABULARY, !Unit 2 Teenage Life
(A) Common teen problems 1. being bullied at school 2. being dissatisfied with weight 3. being worried about dating 4. having no friends 5. having nowhere to study 6. having pimples 7. having strict parents
8. having too many tests 9. having lots of homework 10. having very busy parents 11. not having enough pocket money 12. doing badly at school The verb form of words in italics may have to be changed.
()(B) Personality // Synonyms Antonyms1. anxious/ worried /2. nervous /
!
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3. approachable / /4. blunt ,
/
5. outspoken /6. bold / /7. cheerful / /8. easy-going / 9. obstinate/
stubborn
/
10. hostile / /11. serious / /12. irritable / /13. obedient / /14. optimistic / 15. pessimistic /16. outgoing /17. sociable /18. playful / /19. reserved /20. shy /21. sincere / 22. insincere /All the above are adjectives. ()
(C) Synonyms1. adore like , 2. blunt outspoken , 3. die pass away ,
4. dislike loathe , 5. good nice wonderful , 6. angry furious , 7. clever smart wise , 8. difficult hard , 9. funny hilarious , 10. ill sick ,
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Unit 3 Making a living
(A) Jobs 1. accountant 2. actor/ actress / 3. architect 4. balloon artist 5. bank teller 6. businessman/
businesswoman
7. chef 8. dentist 9. dietician 10. doctor 11. dog walker 12. entertainer 13. fashion
designer
14. firefighter
15. flightattendant
16. golf balldiver
17. graphic
designer
18. guestrelations officer
19. hairdresser 20. interiordesigner
21. journalist 22. lawyer 23. mechanic 24. nurse
25. pilot 26. police officer 27. programmer 28. research
assistant
29. safari ranger
30. sailor
31. shop assistant 32. streetperformer
33. teacher 34. tree planter
35. vet 36. waiter/waitress
/
You may have to add plural s or es.
(ses.)
(B) Strengths 1. be a team player 2. be able to meet tight deadlines
3. be able to work independently ()4. be able to work under pressure 5. be computer literate 6. be creative
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7. be fluent in English and Putonghua 8. be good at dealing with money 9. be good at multitasking 10. be good with children 11. be self-motivated 12. have an analytical mind 13. have strong communication skills 14. have strong organisational skills The verb form of words in italics may have to be changed.
()
POETIC DEVICES 1. stanza 2. rhyming pattern
EXAMPLE:
Dreaming through the night, a
Reality out of sight a
Early in the morning, bAnswering my mums call c
Makes my dreams disappear in the light a
The rhyming pattern of the above poem is:
a, a, b, c, a
(night)(sight) (light) , ,
a . b, c .
a, a, b, c, a
3. alliteration
EXAMPLE:See the six students sitting silently.
(: )
s
4. onomatopoeia
EXAMPLE:
whoosh, bang
5. simile
EXAMPLE:
Time is like a river.
Time passes as quickly as water in a river.
be (is/ are/ am/
was/ were) likeas as.
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6. metaphor
EXAMPLE:
Time flies.
Time is a river.
be likeas as.
7. personification
EXAMPLE:
The four daughters dancing hand in hand around a
year.
The daughters above refer to seasons.
.
8. tone & moodThe tone of the poet is angry? proud?
The mood of the poem is happy? sad?
tone = mood =
9. repetition
EXAMPLE:
The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.
And miles to go before I sleepis repeated to
stress that the speaker still has a long way to go.
/
.
and miles to go beforeI sleep.
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GRAMMAR
1. Tenses
(A) The simple present
Function:
1. Routine
2. Facts
Commonly used with:
always, usually, often, sometimes, never,
every (day/week/ month)
Form:
I/ We/ They/ You/ Plural noun > Base form
He/ She/ It/ Singular noun > Verb + s/ es
be: is/ am/ are (is not/ am not/ are not)
Negative sentences~
I/ We/ They/ You/ Plural noun >
do not (dont) + base form
He/ She/ It/ Singular noun >
does not (doesnt) + base form
Questions (not verb-to-be)~
Do + I/ we/ they/ you/ Plural noun + base
form + ?
Does + he/ she/ it/ Singular noun + base form
+ ?
:1. 2.
:Always, usually, often, sometimes,
never, every (day/week/ month)
:I/ We/ They/ You/ >
He/ She/ It/ > s esbe is, am are. (is not/ am
not were not)~I/ We/ They/ You/ > do
not (dont) +He/ She/ It/ >does not (doesnt) + verb-to-be~Do + I/ We/ They/ You/
+
+ ?Does + He/ She/ It/ + + ?
(B) The present continuous
Function:
1. Events at the time of speaking
2. Planned future events
Commonly used with:
now, at present, at the moment, still
:1. 2.
:now, at present, at the moment, still
:
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Form:
I > am + verb+ ing
He/ She/ It/ Singular noun > is + verb+ ing
We/ They/ You/ Plural noun > are + verb+ ing
Negative sentences~
I > amnot (Im not) + verb+ ing
He/ She/ It/ Singular noun
> isnot (isnt) + verb+ ing
We/ They/ You/ Plural noun
> arenot (arent) + verb+ ing
Questions~Am+I + verb+ ing + ?
Is + he/ she/ it/ Singular noun + verb+ ing
+ ?
Are + we/ they/ you/ Plural noun + verb+ ing
+ ?
I > am + + ingHe/ She/ It/ Singular noun
> is + + ingWe/ They/ You/ Plural noun
> are + + ing~I > amnot (Im not) + + ingHe/ She/ It/
> isnot (isnt) + + ingWe/ They/ You/
> arenot (arent) + + ing
~Am+I + + ing + ?Is + he/ she/ it/+
+ ing + ?Are + we/ they/ you/+
+ ing + ?(C) The simple past
Function:Events happened and completed in the past
Commonly used with:
yesterday, last Friday/ week/ month/
Christmas, in the past, once upon a time,
X (days/ weeks/ months/ years) ago
Form:
I/ He/ She/ It/ Singular noun/ Plural noun/
You/ We/ They
> Verb+ ed OR Irregular verb
be: was/ were (was not/ were not)
Negative sentences~
I/ He/ She/ It/ Singular noun/ Plural noun/
You/ We/ They
> did not (didnt) + verb in base form
Questions (Not verb-to-be)~
:
:yesterday, last Friday/ week/ month/
Christmas, in the past,
once upon a time,
X (days/ weeks/ months/ years) ago
:> + ed
bewaswere (was notwere not).
~> did not (didnt) +
verb-to-be~
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Did+I/ He/ She/ It/ Singular noun/ Plural
noun/ You/ We/ They + verb in base form
+ ?
Did + + + ?
(D) The past continuous
Function:
Past actions that continued for a period of
time.
Commonly used with:
at oclock, when, while
e.g. At two oclock yesterday, I was
swimming in the pool.
e.g. When the thiefstole Helens mobile
phone, she was sleeping. Short event
Long event
Short event
e.g. The boys took photos while they werewaiting for the ferry.
Long event
Form:
I/ He/ She/ It/ Singular noun
> was + verb+ ing
We/ They/ You/ Plural noun
> were + verb+ ing
Negative sentences~
I/ He/ She/ It/ Singular noun
> wasnot (wassnt) + verb+ ing
We/ They/ You/ Plural noun
> werenot (werent) + verb+ ing
Questions~
Was+I/ he/ she/ it/ Singular noun
+ verb+ ing + ?
Were + we/ they/ you/ Plural noun
:
:at oclock, when, while
, .
, , , . ,.
, , , ., .
:I/ He/ She/ It/
> was + + ingWe/ They/ You/
> were + + ing
~I/ He/ She/ It/
> wasnot (wasnt) + + ingWe/ They/ You/
> werenot (werent) + + ing
~Was+I/ he/ she/ it/
+ verb+ ing + ?
Were + we/ they/ you/
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+ verb+ ing + ? + verb+ ing + ?
(E) The past perfect ** IMPORTANT
Function:
A past event that happened before another
past event.
Commonly used with:
when , told .. that, said that, by the time,
before, after, since, already, yet, until, ever
later event > simple past
e.g. When I applied for the job, the deadline
had passed.
Earlier event > past perfect
later event > simple paste.g. He told me that he had finished his
homework.
Earlier event > past perfect
e.g. (1) John arrived at 8 oclock and then I
arrived at 8:30.
Earlier event and then Later event
> simple past
COMPARE:
(2) I arrived at 8:30, but John had arrived
there at 8 oclock.
Later event and then Earlier event
> simple past and then past perfect
e.g. Before I applied for the job, the deadline
passed/ had passed.
**,
:, .
:when , told .. that, said that, by the
time, before, after, since, already,
yet, until, ever
, , ., . , .when, tenses, , .
, ,, , , , .
, ,
. ,, , .
beforeafter, .
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e.g. I applied for the job after the deadline
passed/ has passed.
Form:
I/ He/ She/ It/ Singular noun/ Plural noun/
You/ We/ They
> had + past participle
Negative sentences~
I/ He/ She/ It/ Singular noun/ Plural noun/
You/ We/ They
> had not (hadnt) + past participle
Questions~
Had+I/ He/ She/ It/ Singular noun/ Plural
noun/ You/ We/ They + past participle +
: > had +
~> had not (hadnt) +
~Had + + + ?
(F) Irregular verb table
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2. Conditional sentences (Types 0, 1 & 2) () Function Example Type 0 If you do something, something
else must happen.
, .
If you touch the fire, you get burnt.
, .
Type 1 If you do something, something
else may happen in the future.
, .
If you work hard, you will pass the
exam.
, .
Type 2
**,If you are do something imaginary
or impossible, something else may
happen.
, .
If I won the Mark Six, I would not go
to school.
(), .
Verb form If (condition) ,
() (result) .
()
Type 0 Simple present tense Simple present tenseType 1 Simple present tense Simple future tense [will + (not) + base form]
[will + (not) + ]Type 2
**,Simple past tense
Verb-to-be:I/ You/ We/ They/ He/ She/ It
> were (NOT was)
was, were.(e.g. If I were you,)
would + (not) + base form
would + (not) +
Reminder :if can be put in the middle. For example,
If I were you, I would tell my parents.
= I would tell my parents if I were you.
if
.
. .if, .
unless = if not unless,
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If I dont work hard, I will fail the exam.
= Unless I work hard, I will fail the exam.
. .
3. should, ought to, must, have to
(A) should & ought to
should and ought to talk about duty and
give advice.
We never add s, ed or ing to should and
ought to.
should = ought to
should not = ought not to
should and ought to are not as strong as
must and have to.
We often see I think before should and
ought to.
shouldought to.
shouldought to s, ed ing.
shouldought to.
not, .
shouldought tomusthave to.
shouldought to
I think, .(B) must & have to
must and have to talk about duty and give
advice. must and have to are stronger than
should and ought to.
We never add s, ed or ing to must.
Have to has different forms:
Present~
I/ You/ They/ We/ Plural noun + have to
He/ She/ It/ Singular noun + has to
Past~
+ had to
Future~
+ will have to
Difference in meaning between must and
musthave to. musthave toshouldought to.
must s, ed ing.
have to:~I/ You/ They/ We/
+ have to
He/ She/ It/ + has to
~+ had to
~+ will have to
musthave to:
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have to:
A person must do something when he/ she
thinks it is necessary.
A person have to/ has to/ had to/ will have
to do something when others want him/ her
to do it.
must/.have to/ has to/ had to/ willhave to/.
(C) must not & not have to
We never add s, ed or ing to must not
(mustnt).
Not have to has different forms:
Present~
I/ You/ They/ We/ Plural noun
+ do not (dont) have to
He/ She/ It/ Singular noun
+ does not (doesnt) have to
Past~
+ did not (didnt) have to
Future~
+ will not (wont) have to
Difference in meaning between must not
and not have to:
A person must not do something when we
are not allowed to do something or it is
necessary that we do not do something.
A person dont/ doesnt/ didnt/ wont have
to do something when we can do
something, but it is not necessary to do it.
must not (mustnt) s, ed ing.
not have to:
~I/ You/ They/ We/
+ do not (dont) have to
He/ She/ It/ + does not (doesnt) have to
Past~
+ did not (didnt) have to
Future~
+ will not (wont) have to
must notnot have to:
must not/, .
dont/ doesnt/ didnt/ wonthave to, /, .
4. Gerunds and to-infinitives
When there are two verbs in a sentence,
we need to do something to the 2nd
verb. ,
() .Whether it should be gerund (ing) or to-infinitive
(to), we have to look at the 1st
verb!
gerund ( ing) to-infinitive (
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to). gerund to-infinitive ().There are four different cases to
consider:
:
(A) Gerund and To-infinitive > Okay gerund to-infinitive
1st
verb 2nd
verb
begin
Gerund (+ ing) OR To-infinitive (+ to)
start
continue
like
love
prefer
hate
(B) Gerunds only gerund
1st
verb 2nd
verb
avoid
Gerund(+ ing) Only
consider
dislike
enjoy
finish
keep
mind
miss
practise
suggest
(C) To-infinitive only to-infinitive
1st
verb 2nd
verb
agree
To-infinitive (+ to) Only
choose decide hope learn need offer /plan prepare pretend promise refuse
seem volunteer want wish
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3.3
If I were you, I would + verb in base form
e.g. If I were you, I would report to the
teacher.
, + were, was.
3.4
S + V + O/C + as if/ as though + S + V + O/C
e.g. He looks as if / as though he hasnt slept
all night.
To suggest something impossible, we use
simple past tense, even though the action
happens at present.
e.g. The little boy walks as if / as though he
were an old man.
++/ + / + ++/: /.
,
, .: /., , were.
3.5
Gerund + + main verb + subject
e.g. Playing football is my hobby.
subject main verb
-ing + +
e.g. Playing football is my hobby.
, ingform, gerund, , .
/
.3.6+ be + good at + gerund (verb+ing)
e.g. He is good at communicating with others.
+ + + +ing
: . communicateing.
3.7+ have/has + no problem + gerund
e.g. She has no problem dealing with money.
e.g. I have no problem multitasking.
+ + +ing
: .dealing.: . (he/she/it) has, have.
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Composition (90%)
Reminder:
1.Get the bonus marks by drawing a mind map., .2.Write 220 words! 220.
3.Remember to divide your writing into paragraphs..
4.Study the following formats..
Text type #1: Letter of Advice !!!
Paragraph 1
Introduction, , .Paragraph 2Main body - Problem #
1 + advice, .
Paragraph 3
Main body - Problem #
2 + advice, .Paragraph 4
Main body - Problem #
3 + advice, .
Paragraph 5
Conclusion
- wish her well
Dear ______________________ ,
Thank you for your letter. Im very sorry to hear that you
are (sad/ upset) because (her problems). I hope the
following advice will help.
You said that (problem #1). PRESENT/ PAST TENSE(details of problem #1)
I think you should/ ought to // must/ have to // should
not/ ought not to // must not / do not have to (your
advice)
(explain why your advice will help) FUTURE TENSE
You also told me that (problem #2).
(details of problem #2) PRESENT/ PAST TENSE
If I were you, I would (not) (your advice)
(explain why your advice will help) FUTURE TENSE
You mentioned that (problem #3).
(details of problem #3) PRESENT/ PAST TENSE
I think you should/ ought to // must/ have to // should
not/ ought not to // must not / do not have to (your
advice)
(explain why your advice will help) FUTURE TENSE
I hope this advice helps and you can solve your
problems soon. Please write to me if you need any more
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- say you are available
for further help.
,, , .
help.
With best wishes,
(You name)
Plus all previously learnt text types..
PAPER: LISTENING
A. Listening Tasks
1. Read the instructions very carefully. .2. Be careful with singular/ plural nouns. s.3. Dont miss out a.m. or p.m. .
4. Dont miss out $ for prices. $.6. Prices are read in this way:
Two dollars eighty > $2.8
Ten dollars fifty > $10.5
.
7. Hundred > 100
Thousand > 1000
Ten thousand > 10,000
.
8. Be sure to know the difference between first
name and last name (or surname).
First name. Last
name or surname,.9. Know how to write addresses:
Flat D - the eighth floor ABC Building Fanling
> Flat D,8/F, ABC Building, Fanling
.
10. Common words in an address:
House, Estate, Court, Garden, Tower, Building,
Square, Street, Road
.
11. Common place names in Hong Kong:
Kowloon, New Territories, Lantau Island, Central,
Wan Chai, Sheung Wan, Causeway Bay, Aberdeen,
North Point, Kwun Tong, Yau Ma Tei, Mongkok,
.
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Tsim Sha Tsui, Sham Shui Po, Cheung Sha Wan,
Sha Tin, Tai Po, Tuen Mun, Yuen Long, Tin Shui
Wai
12. Common country names:
Britain, U.S. (America), England, France, Japan,
Korea, China, Singapore, Australia, Canada
.
13. Pay attention to what signs you need to use: X 1, 2, 3. A, B, CTick the appropriate box. > Delete the inappropriate. > Male
.
14. Be careful about capitalization (names of a
person, a place, months, etc.)
. , .
B. Integrated tasks
1. Read the situation carefully: name, job title, tasks.
situation. , .2. Read instructions: dont miss any pages of the data file
, data file .3. Mind the singular/ plural s and tenses when you do the long task.
s.
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PAPER: SPEAKING
Individual Presentation Preparation Time: 3 minutes 3Presentation Time: 1.5 minutes 1
Sample structure of an individual presentatione.g. Please give a 1.5-minute long presentation about your class.
Good morning/ afternoon. Today I
would you share with you
1.
, .First, I want to tell you about the class
committee ().2.(, ). .
The chairperson () is Tony Chan. Heis a nice boy.
3. (, )..
The vice-chairperson (
) is Sammi
Chan. She has good communication
skills.
4.
,.
Next, I want to talk about my teachers. 5., ().I have 10 subject teachers, for example,
Mr. Wong and Miss Chan. .
Lastly, I want to tell you about my
classmates.
because/ so/ but/ when
6. (). . for example. , 5
6.
.I hope this gives you some ideas of
Thank you.
, , , .
My classteachersclassmates
Class committee
How many subject teachers
chairperson ?
?
Remember:
- Say as much as you can.
- Speak loudly.
- Be serious and polite.
, , .
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Group Discussion Preparation Time: 3 minutes 3Discussion Time: 2 minutes 2
The flow of a group discussion 1. Today we re going to talk about
, .2. Invite others to talk:
Do you have any ideas?
What do you think?
.
3. Give suggestions:
How about ?
I suggest we
.
4. (i) Agree with others:
Thats a good idea.
I agree with you.
(ii) Disagree with others:
Sorry, I dont agree with you.I think it would be better if
.
5. Move on to another topic:
Next, lets talk about
.
6. End the discussion:
To sum up, we have decided
.
When its your turn to speak, follow these four steps:
, :1. Say agree/ disagree /2. Reasons. (because).3. Examples. (For example).4.Invite others to comment. (What do you think?)
Remember:
- Say as much as you can. (But
do not talk too much. Let other
speak.)- Be sincere and polite.
- Speak loudly.