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3DTV technologies and challenges
LINK http://www.sc.ehu.es/ccwgamoa/docencia/Material/Presentaciones
Alex Garcia-Alonso 2
stereo is usefull - generates emotions- captures attention- we often get more info when data is stereo perceived : diagrams figures maps drawings ...
but ... stereo de crisp as colourfull ...so two types of display
googles? eye projection?neural connection?
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Contents
1. Introduction2. Visual perception: eyes+brain perception3. 3DTV4. Image production
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First steps & expectations
Year 1889
Friese-Greene
http://www.stereo-3d-info.de
1977
Star Wars
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Expectations may become true
“Crazy” user expectations
(25 years ago)
Engineer
(watching shaded images first time) :
Nice image, …
would you move it in real time?
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Expectations may become true
“Crazy” user expectations
(25 years ago)
Journalist (first PC & Mac had just appeared in the market) : new media… it is nice …I want a foldable display, like the newspaper
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surrounding
outside spectator surrounding
Immersive displayscorner
20 years old
not in consumer market
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3DTV (2012)
Stereoscopic
displays ActivePassive Auto
3DTVMovies Advertising
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Towards a new media• Many companies have entered the market– Philips, Mitsubishi, Sony, Vizio, Sharp, LG, Panasonic,
Samsung, Hyundai, JVC, ACER, Optoma, DepthQ, Toshiba, Viewsonic, Sanyo …
• New requirements creating MM content– TV vs. Radio Cinema vs. Theater– Studio floor, event broadcast, commercials, film-
series, animation, gaming, … • Required knowledge– Perception– Technologies
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Visual perception
Goal : review basic concepts, focus on Binocular vision
Depth perception
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Scholars studied the topic years ago
• Euclid• Ptolemy • Aristotle• Galen• Plato• Leonardo DaVinci• al-Haytham (Alhazen)
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Alhazen (965-1021)
Alhazen (965-1021) and Galileo (1564-1642)
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Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham الهيثم بن الحسن بن الحسن علي، أبوBorn : Basra (965) البصرة
Book of Opticswritten from 1011 to 1021
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Visual perception
• Components– Light – “Eyes” perceive light, generate signals– Signals transmit data from receptors to processors– Signals are processed by the brain, …
• Many perception theories
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Visual perception
• Color, depth, brightness, motion, …• Foveal and peripheral vision• Binocular vision• Context
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Binocular vision
• Properties– Field of view– Convergence– Stereopsis (2 imagenes distintas, dan info de profundidad)
– Binocular fusion (vemos 1 imagen, no 2)
– etc.
One “spare” eye ?
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Field of view
Humans : 40 +120+ 40 = 200º
Pigeon Owl
Binocular Monocular
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Stereopsis : depth perception
Stereopsis (two views from different positions)
Left eye view Right eye view
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Distance, depth perception
OcclusionPerspective (distance) nearer objects are larger
Relative size of similar objectsExpected size of objectsShadows and lightingTextureAtmospheric blurring (distance fog)
Stereopsis (different image in each eye )Accommodation (2 m.)
Convergence (10 m.)• Etc … wiki
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PERCEPTION ILLUSION :Palazzo Spada, Francesco Borromini, 8 meters in length looks like 35 m. The floor of the hallway slopes upward, the ceiling and walls converge. The "hedges" at the end of the hall are scaled down, as is the sculpture in placed in the end
PERCEPTION ILLUSION :It has been often used in movies
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Shape illusion
sebastien kuntz ( cb.nowan.net/blog )
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motion - depth cue
sebastien kuntz ( cb.nowan.net/blog )
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Swapping images - stereo illusion
sebastien kuntz ( cb.nowan.net/blog )UPV/EHU
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Stereo for consumer market
• Consumer market– Active stereo system– Passive stereo– Autoestereo
• Other– anaglyph images– immersive• projection• goggles (+ contact lenses, eye projection)
– holographic
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Active stereoEmitter : shutter-image synchronization
Higher “refresh” rate
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Autostereo
• http://www.seereal.com/en/company/index.php (SeeReal sketch)
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Autostereo
• Perception improves with screen size• 8, 16 “positions”• Other techniques
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Autostereo & 3D recording
• The LG Optimus 3D • launched in Dubai, sept 2011• Creates content
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• Shutter glasses – Some people notice flicker– Glasses much more expensive, need batteries– Up to 2011 lack of compatibility
• Polarized glasses– Perception tends to be worse– Attenuate brightness (half “black”)– Monitor must polarize
• In a nutshell– Both technologies continue improving– One might overcome the other one– However, comparing them is not the core target
Active vs passive
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Hardware challenges
• Tilt creates problems– the highest in autostereo and linear polarized– fewer in circular polarized– the highest tilt can be achieved with active
• Afterglow, Light Leakage double images– Fast Switching Phosphor– High-Speed Shutters
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Unsolved perception challenges
• Presently no “viewer selected”:– Convergence– Accommodation
• “Revolutionary” hw/sw solutions are required• Proper MM content production may alleviate
user discomfortUPV/EHU
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Viewing vs. Watching vs. Inmmersion
• Accommodation and convergence– Viewing real world• Conscious control (also unconscious reflex)• Focus, accommodation• We see reality as we want to see
– Watching displays (TV, PC)
• We see reality as we are shown• Some vision mechanisms cannot actuate
• Immersion (as in virtual worlds, games) means more : interaction
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