3.Diesel Power Plant

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POWER PLANT ENGINEERINGUNIT:III

DIESEL POWER PLANT

Department of Mechanical EngineeringCMR College of Engineering & Technology

Hyderabad


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INTRODUCTION Diesel power plants are installed in the following situations.

Supply of coal and water is not avail in sufficient quantity Power is to be generated in small quantity. Standby sets are required for emergency purposes in hospitals, telephone

exchanges, radio stations and cinemas.

Diesel power plants in the range of 2 to 50 MW capacities are used. Demands for diesel power plants are increased for electric powergeneration because of difficulties in construction of new hydraulic plantsand enlargement of old hydro plants.

Long term planning required for the development of hydro and thermal plants.

Diesel power plants used for electric generation are more reliable and longlived piece of equipment compared with other types of plants.


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IC Engines


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IC Engines


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IC Engines Parts Cylinder Cylinder Head Piston. Piston Rings Gudgeon Pin Connecting Rod Crank Shaft: Crank Engine Bearing Crankcase Flywheel

Governor Valves Fuel Pump Fuel Injector Combustion chamber


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The four-stroke cycle

Suction Stroke: With themovement of the pistonfrom TDC to BDC duringthe stroke the inlet valveopens and air atatmosphere pressure isdrawn inside the enginecylinder. The exhaustvalve is closed andrepresented by the line 5-1

in the P-V diagram.


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The four-stroke cycle Diesel Engine Compression Stroke: The air drawn at atmosphere pressure during the

suction stroke is compressed to high pressure and temperature (35 bars &

600 C) as the piston moves from BDC to TDC. This operation isrepresented by 1-2 in the diagram. Both inlet and exhaust vales do notopen during this stroke.

Working/Expansion Stroke: A s the piston starts moving from TDC a metered quantityof fuel is injected into the hot compressed airin the fine sprays by the fuel injector and thefuel starts burning at constant pressure shown

by the line 2-3 in the diagram. The hot gasesof the cylinder expand adiabatically to the

point 4, thus doing work on the piston shown

as 3-4 in the diagram. Exhaust Stroke: The piston moves BDC to TDC then exhaust gases

escape to the atmosphere through the exhaust valve. When the pistonreaches the TDC the exhaust valve closes and the cycle is completed andthis is represented by the line 1-5 in the diagram.


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The two-stroke cycle Diesel Engine

The cylinder L is connected to the closed crank chamberC.C. During the upward stroke of the piston M, The gasesin L are compressed and at the same time fresh air entersthe crank chamber through the valve V .


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The two-stroke cycle Diesel Engine

When the piston moves downward, V closes and air in the crank chamberis compressed. The piston is moving upwards and is compressed the airwhich was previously been supplied to L and before piston reaches theTDC the fuel injector supplies fuel to the engine cylinder.

Ignition of fuel takes place due to high temperature of air and gases escapethrough this port. The transfer port is uncovered immediately and thecompressed air from the crank chamber flows into the cylinder and isdeflected upwards by the hump provided on the head of the piston.

The piston again moving from BDC to TDC and the air gets compressedwhen the exhaust port and transfer ports are covered by the piston, thus thecycle is repeated.


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IC Engine Types According to cycle of operation:

i) Two stroke ii) Four stroke According to cycle of combustion:

i) Auto cycle ii) Diesel cycle iii) Dual combustion cycle According to arrangement of cylinders:

i) Horizontal Engine ii) Vertical Engineiii) V-type Engine iv) Radial Engine

According to their use :i) Stationary Engine ii) Portable Engine iii) Marine Engineiv) Automobile Engine v) Aero Engine

According to fuel used:

i) Oil Engine ii) Petrol Engineiii) Gas Engine iv) Kerosene Engine According to the speed of the engine used:

i) Low Speed Engine ii) Medium Speed iii) High Speed Engine


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IC Engine Types According to method of Ignition:

i) Spark Ignition Engine ii) Compression Ignition Engine According to method of Cooling:

i) Air Cooled Engine ii) Water Cooled Engine According to method of Governing:

i) Hit and Miss Governed Engine ii) Quality Governed Engineiii) Quantity Governed Engine

According to Valve Arrangement:i) Over Head Valve Engine ii) L-Head Valve Engineiii) T-Head Valve Engine iv) F-Head Valve Engine

According to Number of Cylinders:i) Single Cylinder Engine ii) Multi Cylinder Engine


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IC Engine Types


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Diesel Plant Layout


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Diesel Plant Layout with Auxiliaries


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Diesel Plant Layout with AuxiliariesDiesel Plant Auxiliaries Engine Air Intake System Exhaust System Fuel System Cooling System Lubrication System

Engine Starting System Governing System


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Air Intake System


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Exhaust System


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Fuel System


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Types of Fuel Injection System

Common Rail Injection System


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Cooling System


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Liquid Cooling System


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Lubrication System


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3.Diesel Power Plant