3D Seismic Structural Analysis and Basin Modeling of the Matruh … · 2019. 7. 30. · ResearchArticle 3D Seismic Structural Analysis and Basin Modeling of the Matruh Basin, Western

Research Article3D Seismic Structural Analysis and Basin Modeling ofthe Matruh Basin Western Desert Egypt

Farouk I Metwalli 1 El Arabi H Shendi2 Bruce Hart3 andWaleed M Osman4

1Geology Department Faculty of Science Helwan University Cairo Egypt2Geology Department Faculty of Science Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt3Earth and Planetary Science Department Faculty of Science McGill University Montreal QC Canada4Department of Science and Mathematics Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Suez Canal University Suez Egypt

Correspondence should be addressed to Farouk I Metwalli pine egypthotmailcom

Received 30 August 2017 Accepted 29 November 2017 Published 18 January 2018

Academic Editor Rudolf A Treumann

Copyright copy 2018 Farouk I Metwalli et al This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properlycited

In order to evaluate the hydrocarbon potential of the Matruh Basin North Western Desert of Egypt the tectonic history basinanalysis and maturity modeling of the Albian-Cenomanian Formations of the Matruh Basin were investigated using well logs and3D seismic data Structural analysis of the tops of the Bahariya Kharita and Alamein Dolomite Formations reveals them to dip tothe southeast Burial history and subsidence curves show that the basin experienced a tectonic subsidence through theMiddle-LateJurassic and Early Cretaceous times Thermal maturity models indicated that Cenomanian clastics of the Bahariya Formation arein the early mature stage in the east portions of the area increasing to the mid maturity level in the southwestern parts On theother hand the Albian Kharita Formation exhibits a midmaturation level in themost parts of the areaThe petroleum system of theMatruh Basin includes a generative (charge) subsystem with Middle Jurassic and Cenomanian sources (for oilgas) and Turoniansources (for oil) with peak generation from Turonian to Eocene and a migration-entrapment subsystem including expulsion andmigration during Early Tertiary to Miocene into structures formed from Late Cretaceous to Eocene

1 Introduction

The area of investigation is located in the northwestern partof the Western Desert of Egypt in the northern part ofthe Western Desert Basin (Figure 1) The Western Desertcovers more than two-thirds of the area of Egypt WithinEgypt Dolson et al [1] showed that whereas the Gulf ofSuez has reached a mature discovery rate both the offshoreMediterranean and theWestern Desert areas hold significantpromise They suggested that some reservoirs of 100 MMBOand larger would be discovered in the Western DesertIndeed several significant discoveries in this area in thepast few years suggest that this area of Egypt and adjacentLibya holds considerable promise For example Qasr Field(discovery announced by Apache in July 2003) is a giantreservoir with more than 2 trillion cubic feet of gas and50 million barrels of estimated recoverable reserves Withinthis broad area Abdel Fattah [2 3] recognized that the

Matruh Basin (Figure 1) has special importance becauseof its position with respect to many nearby oil fields TheMatruh Basin was estimated by Shahin [4] to host 23 BBOEwith a low attached risk to the preservation of hydrocarbonaccumulations because oil migration postdates the severeLate Cretaceous tectonics

In light of these discoveries and exploration interestthere is a clear need to understand the tectonic history ofthis area and to define elements of the petroleum systemthat can lead to continued exploration success In this papera thermal model that predicts source rock maturity andhydrocarbon generation for the Matruh Basin and adjacentareas is constructed

We also use 3D seismic data to illustrate the structuralcomplexity of this area and to help constrain its tectonichistory The study area (Figure 1) covers approximately 5200square kilometers (asymp2085 square miles)

HindawiInternational Journal of GeophysicsVolume 2018 Article ID 4931307 19 pageshttpsdoiorg10115520184931307

2 International Journal of Geophysics

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

Abu Tunis 1X

Darduma 1A

Mideiwar

MMX1

Mersa Matruh

Mediterranean Sea

Matruh 2-1

Matruh 3-1

Matruh 1-1

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

Ras Kanayes 1

Siqeifa 1

N

N

E

Figure 1 Well location map Matruh Basin North Western Desert Egypt

The main potential source rocks in the Matruh Basinarea are the Lower Cretaceous Alam El Bueib the JurassicKhatatba [7] and the Albian Kharita Formations [8] Thehydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs are represented by the Mid-dle Jurassic Khatatba Formation Lower Cretaceous AlamEl Bueib Formation and the Lower to Upper CretaceousBahariya Formation [9] Three wells the Alexandrite-1X(2003) Mihos-1X (2004) and Imhotep-1X (2004) lie in thesoutheastern corner of our study area in the Matruh BasinThey produce gas from the Middle Jurassic Khatatba andEarly Cretaceous for Alam El Bueib Formations

2 Geologic Setting

21 Structural Background Thenorthern part of theWesternDesert Basin can be subdivided into five subbasins (Figure 2)The Alamein and Shushan subbasins strike approximatelyWSW to ENE and are bounded by faults of similar orienta-tion The Alamein subbasin is bounded to the north by theDabaa Ridge and to the south by the Alamein Trough TheShushan subbasin is bounded to the north by the UmbarkaPlatform and to the south by the North Qattara Ridge TheQattara subbasin strikes approximately E-W and is boundedto the north by North Qattara Ridge and to the south by theSouth Qattara Ridge The Khalda and Matruh subbasins arebordered by NNE to SSW trending faults [5]

The structural evolution of Egypt was influenced byseveral tectonic events that reactivated older structural trendsprevailing in the basement rocks [10 11] Hantar [10] iden-tified four main structural trends in the basement rocksthese being orientations of N-S NE-SW ENE-WSW and E-W trends During the Jurassic several rift basins were formedas a result of the rifting that was caused by the separation ofNorthAfricaArabia Plate fromEuropean Plate [1] Following

the rifting process during the Late Cretaceous the SyrianArc System was developed due to NW to NNW-SE to SSEcompressional forces that affected Egypt as a result of theconvergence between AfricanArabian and Eurasian plates[12 13]This compression lasted into the Eocene and led to theelevation and folding of major portions of the NorthWesternDesert along NE to ENE-SW to WSW trends Dolson et al[1] suggested that most of the traps discovered in theWesternDesert are related to the Syrian Arc Starting in the Oligoceneand continuing through the Miocene the rifting of the Gulfof Suez and formation of the Red Sea were fulfilled due toextensional forces in the NE-SW direction [14]

TheMatruh and adjacent Shushan subbasins initiallymayhave been formed as a single rift during the Permo-Triassicand later developed in a pull-apart structure [15] Metwalliand Pigott [7] tested the rifting hypothesis using geochemicaldata to examine the thermal modelTheir results showed thatthe riftingmodel approximates reality but that the steady stateassumption was not consistent with the geochemical data

3 Stratigraphy

The complex tectonic history of the Western Desert isresponsible for themany unconformities found in the stratig-raphy of the area [16] The sedimentary cover of the NorthWestern Desert ranges in age from Cambrian to Recent [8]A summary stratigraphic column for the area is shown inFigure 3

The Mesozoic section is represented by Jurassic and Cre-taceous rocks The Jurassic is composed of three formationsThese are from oldest to youngest the Wadi El NatrunKhatatba and Masajid Formations The Wadi El NatrunFormation is composed mainly of limestone and shale Thisformation is present in the northernmost part of theWestern

International Journal of Geophysics 3

FIELDS NOT TO SCALE

0 100

(km)

0 60

(mi)

Figure 2 The main five subbasins constituting the Northern Western Desert Basin (after Sultan and Halim [5])

Desert but undergoes a facies change to its time equivalentRas Qattara Formation (consisting mainly of sandstones andshales) to the south In the study area the Ras QattaraFormation is only presented in the Matruh 1-1 well

TheKhatatba Formation overlies theWadi El Natrun For-mation and is composed of carbonaceous shalewith interbed-ded sandstone and minor thin limestone The Masajid For-mation composed of limestone with intercalations of shaleconformably overlies the Khatatba Formation

The Cretaceous system in the Western Desert area hasbeen subjected to various classifications and nomenclatures[8] As employed here the Lower Cretaceous system iscomposed of three formations The oldest is Alam El Bueibwhich is a thick succession of clastic rocks deposited uncon-formably over the eroded surface of the Jurassic Masajidmarine carbonates It is mainly composed of argillaceoussandstones that become shalier toward the northwest [8]The Alam El Bueib Formation is subdivided into severalmembers including (1) the Matruh Member (Neocomianlower Aptian) which is composed of shales and sandstones(2) theUmbarkaMember (Barremian) which consists mainlyof sandstone and shale with few streaks of limestone and (3)the Mamura Carbonate Member which is mainly composedof limestone [17]

The Alamein Formation overlies the Alam El Bueiband is a good regional geological and geophysical marker[8] It is composed essentially of dolomite and shale TheKharita Formation overlies the Alamein and is essentiallycomposed of sandstones with thin shale intercalations andrare carbonate interbeds

The Upper Cretaceous is also represented by three for-mations Bahariya Abu Roash and Khoman The BahariyaFormation which is the oldest is composed mainly of sand-stone intercalated with shale siltstone and limestone [18]The second formation is the Abu Roash which represents

upper CenomanianSantonian deposition This formation issubdivided into seven rock units arranged from top to baseas A B C D E F and G and is composed mainly oflimestone with minor shale and evaporites The youngestUpper Cretaceous Formation is Khoman which representsthe sediments of MaestrichtianCampanian It is mainlycomposed of limestone

Tertiary rocks are also present in the area The Eoceneis represented by the Appollonia Formation (lower-middleEocene) which lies unconformably above the Upper Cre-taceous Khoman Formation It is composed mainly oflimestone occasionally dolomitic with a few shale layersThe Oligocene-Upper Eocene Dabaa Formation overlies theAppollonia and is mainly composed of shale The LowerMiocene is represented by Moghra Formation which iscomposed of sandstone interbedded with shale with fewstreaks of limestone The Marmarica Formation which isthe uppermost stratigraphic unit in the area covers most ofthe North Western Desert It was formed during the MiddleMiocene and is composed of alternating beds of limestoneand shale with some streaks of dolomite

4 Database and Methodology

Wireline and cuttings logs for nine wells were provided bythe Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC) andShell Egypt The data extracted from the wells were used toconstruct the burial history thermal maturity and lithofaciesmaps for both the Albian Kharita and the CenomanianBahariya Formations (Table 1) The main data required toconstruct the burial history subsidence curves and thermalmaturity include formation tops from ground level absolutetime of deposition inmillions of years (Ma) lithological com-position hiatus ages thickness and age of eroded intervaland heat flow data Absolute age in many of the different


Tim

e(M

a) Age

Recent

Miocene

Oligocene

50

100

150

200

Upper

Middle

Lower

PALEOCENE

MaestrichtianCampanian

SantonianConiacianTuronian

Cenomanian

Albian

Aptian

BarremianHauterivianValangenian

Beriasian

Tithonian

Kimmeridgian

OxfordianCallovianBathonianBajocianAalenian

Toarcian

Puensbachian

Sinemurian

Tert

iary

Eoce

ne

Late

Cre

tace

ous

Early

Cre

tace

ous

Late

Jura

ssic

Mid

dle

Jura

ssic

Early

Jura

ssic

Dabaa ldquoGhoroudrdquo

Apollonia ldquoGuindirdquo

Khoman

Abu Roash

Kharita

Masajid

Khatatba

Wadi N

atrun

Mamura SiqeifaUmbarka

Ala

mEl

Bue

ib

Alamein

Matruh

ShoshanZone A2

Alamein Dolomite

Bahariya ldquoMideiwarrdquo

Unconformity

Unconformity

Unconformity

Unconformity

Marmarica

Moghra

Lithostratigraphic units Gamma rayLithology

Porosity

Figure 3 Stratigraphic column of the Matruh area North Western Desert Egypt Modified after MidOil [6]

stratigraphic units was defined using the global stratigraphicchart compiled by Cowie and Bassett [19] The lithologiccomposition of the stratigraphic units was obtained from thewireline and cuttings logs

Two three-dimensional seismic surveys covering a totalarea of about 1000 km2 were provided by Apache EgyptThese data have a 4 s record length 4ms sampling rate and25 times 25m bin size Time slices and vertical transects throughamplitude and coherency versions of the data were used tomap faults Detailed structural interpretations of these data

will be presented elsewhere In this paper the discussion of theseismic data is restricted to illustrating the types of structuralfeatures present in this area that cannot be observed or ade-quately mapped using well control alone and relating thesefeatures to the results of our subsidence history analyses

The net subsidence in a basin results from the combi-nation of both subsidence due to tectonics and subsidenceowing to sediment and water loading The process used todetermine the amount of load induced subsidence is iso-static backstripping This method removes sediment layers


Table 1 Lithologic constituents of Bahariya and Kharita Formations Matruh Basin North Western Desert Egypt

Formation name Lithology Well name SS LS Anh shale SiltSt Dolom clay

Kharita 723 114 04 109 05 45 Darduma 1ABahariya 408 242 274 33 21Kharita 602 42 316 4 Siqeifa 1XBahariya 334 283 346 37Kharita 695 32 07 217 45 Mideiwar 1XBahariya 473 205 25 72Kharita 694 14 11 23 51 Abu Tunis 1XBahariya 467 182 01 24 11Kharita 718 24 185 73 Marsa Matruh MMX-1Bahariya 289 316 387 08Kharita 68 11 221 82 06 Matruh 1-1Bahariya 537 132 331Kharita 727 214 59 Matruh 2-1Bahariya 277 228 422 73Kharita 697 39 232 32 Matruh 3-1Bahariya 24 162 509 89Kharita 783 08 18 29 Ras Kanayes Ja27-1Bahariya 362 162 476

correcting for decompaction fluctuation of sea level andsea depth and assuming Airy isostasy adjusts for isostaticcompensation Tectonic subsidence is basement involved andoccurs by an observable time transient change in lithosphericthickness with accompanying perturbation and change in thecrustrsquos thermal state [7]

Temperature is the most sensitive parameter in hydro-carbon generation Thus reconstruction of temperature his-tory is essential when evaluating petroleum prospects [20]Petroleum generation is temperature-dependent and time-dependent but varies exponentially with temperature andlinearlywith time [21]The temperature and timedependencyfor hydrocarbon generation are described by the Arrheniusequation

119870 = 119860 exp(minus119864119886119877119879) (1)

where 119870 is the rate constant 119860 is the frequency factor119864119886 is the activation energy 119877 is the Gas constant (Joulemoleminus1 Kminus1) and 119879 is the absolute temperature (∘K)The Arrhenius equation suggests that 10∘K rise in tempera-ture causes the reaction rate to double

The BasinMod 1D software (Platte River Associates) wasused in this study formodeling both the basin subsidence andconsequent hydrocarbon potential of the available boreholes

5 3D Seismic Structural Analysis

Harding (1985) stated that ldquoearly identification of structuralstyle is an important exploration function and the appropriateselection of prospect (trap) models often depends on thereliability of such identificationrdquo

6 Faults Characteristics and Interpretation

Matruh Basin is highly faulted The faults affecting the timezone of interest (sim800ndash1500ms) were interpreted first inorder to reveal the geologic history of the area and allow hori-zons to be correctly correlated as well as help in predictingwhat sort of hydrocarbon traps may be exist in the area Thefault interpretation was carried out through the interpreta-tion of the vertical transects through the amplitude volumeresulted from the poststack processing techniques applied aswell as the time slices through the coherency volume

The time slices through the coherency volume (Figures4 and 5) reflect that all faults strike NW-SE Consequentlyto interpret these faults a series of 21 equally spaced verticaltransects extending NE-SW (perpendicular to the faultsdirection) were interpreted The location map of the seismicline used in the interpretation of faults is given in Figure 6

Figures 7ndash9 illustrate vertical transects with the inter-preted faults while Figures 10 and 11 show picked faults onthe uninterpreted time slices (Figures 4 and 5) at 1000 12001400 and 1600ms through the coherency volume

Generally all the interpreted faults through the seismicvolume are extensional normal faults that generally formgrabens and half grabens that extend throughout the studyareaThe length of these faults planes varies frommore 9Kmtominor faults with lengths of about few hundreds of metersTheir vertical extension (in the time direction) varies fromapproximately 200ms to major faults of about 2700ms Interms of fault mechanical stratigraphy note that there areat least two distinct episodes of extension revealed by twofault populations those who terminate below the sim110maAlamein and those that terminate and cut thesim90AbuRoashAs Pigott and Abouelresh [22] have pointed out owing to


N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(a)

N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(b)

Figure 4 Time slices at 1000ms through the coherency volume for Upper Bahariya Formation (a) Time slices at 1300ms through thecoherency volume for Kharita Formation (b)

N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(a)

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(b)

Figure 5 Time slices at 1400ms through the coherency volume for Base Kharita Formation (a) Time slices at 1600ms through the coherencyvolume for Alam El Bueib 1 Formation (b)

the general increase in bulk modulus with increasing depthof overburden deep seated faults rupture young rocks butextension of young rocks will not rupture deeper rocksThusthe upper fault termination provides the youngest age of Page18 of 40 a fault Therefore for these seismic observations inthe Matruh Basin the fault mechanical stratigraphy revealsa pre-Alamein and a post-Abu Roash time of extension As

we shall see later in this paper these two extension events areconfirmed by the 1D basin subsidence analysis

The structure contourmaps of both Bahariya and KharitaFormations are shown in Figure 12 Those maps show thatthe tops of the two formations dip to the southeast to reachtheir deepest values at the Ras Kanayes well reached 5711 ft(1741m) for Bahariya and 6717 ft (2047m) for Kharita The


(mi)

Line 7900

(km)

0 2 4

0 2

N

Figure 6 Location map of the equally spaced lines used in the interpretation of faults

(mi)(km)

0

0

SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

302

2

4

Figure 7 Interpreted seismic line number ldquoFrdquo (see Figure 6 for location)

SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

30 (mi)(km)0 02 24

Figure 8 Interpreted seismic line number ldquoKrdquo (see Figure 6 forlocation)

shallowest values for Bahariya and Kharita Formations arerecorded at the MMX-1 well with values of 38236 ft (1165m)and 4689 ft (1429m) respectively

Figure 13 shows a structuremap of the Alamein Dolomitethat was based on the data from the nine well and a depth-converted Alamein Dolomite horizon that was picked in two3D seismic volumes (grey area) The map shows a general

(km)

0 2

(mi)0 2

4

SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

30

35

Figure 9 Interpreted seismic line no ldquoQrdquo (see Figure 6 for location)

dipping trend to the southeast direction of the area underconsideration to exceed the depth of 8700 ft (26518m) atthe south east corner As shown in Figure 5(a) enormousnumber of faults is affecting the area Generally these faultsstrikeNW-SE and are extensional normal faults that generallyform grabens and half grabens While Figure 5(b) showsa sequence of Syrian Arc folds with axial surfaces that


(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(a) (b)

Figure 10 Tracked faults on coherency time slice at time 1000ms For Upper Bahariya Formation (a) the uninterpreted time slices onFigure 4(a) Tracked faults on coherency time slice at time 1200ms For Kharita Formation (b) the uninterpreted time slices on Figure 4(b)

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(a)

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(b)

Figure 11 Tracked faults on coherency time slice at time 1400ms ForBase Kharita Formation (a) the uninterpreted time slices on Figure 5(a)Tracked faults on coherency time slice at time 1600ms For Alam El Bueib 1 Formation (b) the uninterpreted time slices on Figure 5(b)

strike NE-SW These structures may have been formed atSantonianCampanian times

Comparison of Figure 13 which incorporates 3D seismicdata with the structure maps shown in Figure 12 clearlyindicates that not all of the structural elements present in thisarea are being captured using well control alone (ie all of

Figures 12(a) and 12(b) and part of Figure 13) As describedbelow lithofacies and isopach maps were constructed fromthe availablewell control As the sparsewell control is unlikelyto capture all the changes in lithology and thickness withinthe study area nevertheless the broad-scale trends (egregional structural dips and thickness changes) are being


27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31

∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)

Figure 12 Structure contourmaps of Bahariya (a) and Kharita (b) Formations Arrows refer to the possible hydrocarbonsmigration pathway

sufficiently well defined using well control to warrant use ofthe maps for subsequent analyses presented in this paperFurthermore in the absence of other published data wehope that the analyses presented here will be of use toexplorationists working this area

7 Lithofacies Analysis

The sand to shale ratio maps of Bahariya and Kharita For-mations are illustrated in Figures 15(a) and 5(b) respectivelyThe Bahariya (Figure 15(a)) shows an increase in sandstoneto the west with shale being dominant in the eastern parts ofthe areaThe Kharita map (Figure 15(b)) shows a lowest value

at Siqeifa 1X well (19) and an increase to both the east andwest The highest sand to shale ratio (66) for this formationis in the Darduma 1A well Although sandstone and shaleare the two main lithologic constituents in the Bahariya andKharita Formations Table 1 shows that other lithologies arealso present and can be important constituents For exampleapproximately 31 of the Bahariya Formation consists oflimestone in the MMX-1 well

The isopach maps of Bahariya and Kharita Formationsare shown in Figures 16(a) and 16(b) respectively Both mapsdemonstrate a general increase in thickness to the northwestdirection reaching maxima in the Darduma 1A well whichpenetrated 11821 ft (3603m) of the Bahariya and 2305 ft


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

N

E

Figure 13 Structure contour map of Alamein Dolomite Formation A-A1015840 and B-B1015840 are locations of the seismic sections in Figure 14

1000

ms

A A

(a)

1000

ms

B B

(b)

Figure 14 Sample seismic vertical transects showing enormous amount of faults trending NW-SE (a) and Syrian Arc folds (b) Locations ofthese transects are shown on Figure 13

(7026m) of the Kharita FormationThe lowest value for eachof the two formations is recorded atMatruh 1-1 with a value of794 ft (242m) for Bahariya and 1158 ft (3529m) for Kharita

Unfortunately similar to the structure maps constructedwithout 3D seismic control these isolith and isopach mapsare unlikely to capture all of the stratigraphic variabilitypresent in the area The maps are presented as they help toput first-order controls on the petroleum system of this area

8 Burial History and Subsidence

The quantitative analysis of burial history through time isused to reconstruct thermal and maturity histories Thisanalysis aims at producing time depth histories and sedi-mentation rates The correction of decompaction needs to

be carried out for burial history analysis Decompaction(backstripping) is based on the skeletal (solid grain) volumebeing constant while the rock volume is changed with depthof burial due to the loss of porosity [23]

Figure 17 shows the burial history and subsidence curvesin the Darduma 1A Mideiwar 1X Matruh 1-1 and RasKanayes wells These figures indicate a rapid subsidenceduring the Late Jurassic Early Cretaceous times The faultmechanical-dominated subsidence (when highest tectonicsubsidence rate) is represented by the steep part of the burialhistory diagramThe slope of the burial history curves changeat time intervals which corresponds to the Turonian (92Ma)and become flatter indicating the dominance of crustalthermal cooling subsidence Uplift can also be noticed in allthe wells that started at the CretaceousPaleogene (73Ma)


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)

Figure 15 Sand to Shale ratio maps of Bahariya (a) and Kharita (b) Formations

This uplift may be as a result of the Syrian Arc that causedinversion in most of North Western Desert Basins [1 12 24]

9 Thermal History and Source Rock Maturity

Ghanem et al [8] evaluated the potential source rocks of theLower Cretaceous rocks in the Matruh Basin in a study thatwas based essentially on the geochemical analysis of thesesediments They concluded that the Kharita Formation is afair to good source rock

An application of Arrhenius relationship is the Time-Temperature Index (TTI) [25 26] This index is based onthe view that the reaction rates double every 10∘C rise in thetemperature

In the current study the bottom hole temperatures thatwere corrected to the cooling effect were used to constructthe thermal history applying the rifting heat flow approachThe beta factor (120573init) is the ratio of the lithospheric thicknessimmediately after stretching to the initial lithospheric thick-ness Figure 18 shows the 120573init factor map of the study areawhich shows values to range from 11 to 17 with the valuesincrease to the southeast direction toward the deeper parts ofthe basin

Figure 19 shows the burial history and maturity profileswhich reveal the Albian Kharita Formation and CenomanianBahariya Clastics to be in the early to middle maturitylevels A representation of the maturity prediction versusdepth is shown in Figure 20 The figure shows that the early


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)

Figure 16 Isopach maps of Bahariya Formation (a) and Kharita Formation (b)

maturation (119877119900 = 05 percent) started almost at a depthof 2800 ft (8534m) at Ras Kanayes to 3000 ft (9144m) atMideiwar 1A while the main gas started at approximately7700 ft (23469m) at Darduma 1A to 9000 ft (27432m) atMatruh 1-1

Figure 21 shows a maturity depth map which shows thedepth to the top of the oil window (119877119900 = 055) It shows ageneral decrease in thematurity depth values to the southeastdirection of the area

10 Discussion and Results

The sand to shale ratio map of Bahariya (Figure 15(a))reveals sandy facies in the western parts and shaly facies in

the eastern parts of the study area The Kharita shown inFigure 15(b) reveals a primarily sandy formation and it hassome shale volume that can enable Kharita to be a significantsource rock Bahariya serves as a primary reservoir in theMatruh Basin The presence of these shale ratios in Bahariyawill work as a lateral seals that increase (together with theimpermeable cover of Abu Roash Carbonates and Shales) itsreservoir abilities

It was indicated from both stratigraphic and seismicinterpretation and the geology review of the North WesternDesert that the Matruh-Shushan basins were formed in theMiddle-Late Jurassic as a rift basin [7]

McKenzie [27] classically described a procedure for theformation of extensional rifting basins through which subsi-dence occurs in two stages


T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

M MioceneL MioceneEoceneMaastCampSantTuronCenom carbCenom ClasBasal Cen carbAlbian

Apt (Zone A1)Apt (Zone A2)Apt (Zone B)Haut-BarremBerias-Valen

U Jurassic

M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

J K Pal NMatruh basin

(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

M MioceneL MioceneOligoceneMaastCampU TuronTuronianU CenomTur

L CenomL-U Cenom

M-U AlbianL Aptian M-U Bar

U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar

Cal-LOxU Bat-CalM BathonianBaj-M Bat AAl-Baj

Matruh basin

(c)

J K Pal N

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSan

ConTur

L TurU Cen L CenL CenU Alb

Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar

L Haut-ValL Kim-U Ox

14000

12000

(d)

Figure 17 Burial history profiles subsidence curves and the isotherms for the wells Darduma 1A (a) Mideiwar 1X (b) Matruh 1-1 (c) andRas Kanayes (d)

(i) First stage is the tectonic subsidence results bystretching of the lithosphere by extensional forcesThis stage is accompanied by upwelling of the hotterasthenosphere which worms up the lithosphere

(ii) Second stage is the thermal subsidence as a result ofthe cooling of the lithosphere This subsidence takesplace through a longer time than the first one

Figure 17 indicates two distinct episodes of rapid subsidenceone during the Late Jurassic Early Cretaceous (pre-Alamein)time and one during the post-Abu RoashMiddle CretaceousThe fault mechanical-dominated subsidence (when highesttectonic subsidence rate) is represented by the steep part ofthe burial history diagram The slopes of the burial historycurves change at time interval which corresponds to a sim160


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

Figure 18 Stretching (120573init) factor map of the study area

pre-Alamein event and a younger than Turonian (92Ma)post-Abu Roash event Note that the 1D basin subsidencemodel events are confirmed by the previously mentioned twoepisodes of faulting In both cases during rifting the top ofthe asthenosphere moves to much shallower depths leadingto higher heat flows and higher geothermal gradients withvalues which will depend on how much the crust is thinnedand this is conveniently expressed by the 120573init ldquostretchingfactorrdquo introduced by Metwalli and Pigott [7] Thus it isdefined so that the larger the number the greater the lateralextension [21] From these two extension events the depthto the oil window (Figure 21) decreases to the southeastdirection the same direction of the increase of the stretching120573init factor (Figure 18) as well as the increase in the shalepercentages in the source Kharita Formation

As shown previously Kharita and Bahariya Formationsare thermally mature enough for hydrocarbon generationThe maturation levels at the surface of the Bahariya Kharitaand Alamein (lower surface of Kharita) can be shown inFigures 22ndash24 Figure 22 shows that in the northwest half ofthe area Bahariya is in the early mature stage while it is inthe mid mature stage in the southeast half of the area Themajor parts of Kharita Formation (Figure 23) are in the midmature stage except for these narrow areas in the north (atwell MMX1) and to the west (at Abu Tunis 1X well) whichare in the early maturation level Finally the maturity levelshave increased through the thick body of Kharita Formationto reach the main gas generation at the well (Darduma 1A)and mid maturation levels to the northeast and northwest ofthe area and late maturation levels at the rest parts of the areaThe generated hydrocarbons will migrate in the directions ofthe arrows shown on the structure contour maps of Bahariyaand Kharita (Figures 12(a) and 12(b)) to the higher level at thedirection of the well MMX-1 in which Bahariya has higher

shale and limestone percentages (Table 1) that can work aslateral seals in addition to the impermeable limestone caprock of Abu Roash Formation Caution should be taken asthe area is highly faulted and structurally complicated ascan be seen on the sample seismic transects in Figures 14(a)and 14(b) that shows the opportunity of having hydrocarbontraps at such relatively shallow level through the faults(Figure 14(a)) andor Syrian Arc anticlines (Figure 14(b))

11 Conclusions

Matruh Basin as a rift basin exhibited a rapid subsidenceduring Middle and Late Jurassic which continued during theearly Cretaceous This subsidence was followed by a ther-mal subsidence that started approximately at the Turonian(92Ma)

TheAlbianKharita Formation showed a sandy facies witha considerable volume of shale that enables it to be a goodsource rockAhigh percentage of shales inKharita Formationand high sealing efficiency have been responsible for theconcentration of gas and condensate in the Albian sourcedKharita sandstones rather than in the higher younger forma-tions Bahariya Formation can be a considerable source rockespecially in the shaly portions to the east of the study area

Due to transitional facies characters shale occurrencetends to be localized and shalesandstone vertical ratiostend to vary in the different formations The best sealingconditions are said to occur in the basinal areas rather than onridgeplatform areas where sequence becomes more sandy

The constructed thermal models show that the AlbianKharita and Cenomanian Bahariya deposits in the MatruhBasin are mature enough to produce hydrocarbons WhileBahariya showed an early maturation levels to the northwest



Apt (Zone A1)Apt (Zone A2)Apt (Zone B)Haut-BarremBerias-ValenU Jurassic

M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 100 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

t = 0

Matruh basin

Early mature (oil)05 to 07 ( Ro)Mid mature (oil)07 to 1 ( Ro)Late mature (oil)1 to 13 ( Ro)Main gas generation13 to 26 ( Ro)

(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL MioceneEoceneMaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000



(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom

M-U AlbianL AptianM-U Bar

U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin


(c)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

J K Pal N

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

14000

12000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L MioceneOligocene

MaasCamSan

ConTur L TurU Cen L CenL CenU AlbAlbian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)

Figure 19 Burial history profiles and maturity windows for the wells Darduma 1A (a) Mideiwar 1X (b) Matruh 1-1 (c) and Ras Kanayes (d)



0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)


SantTuron

Cenom carbCenom ClasBasal Cen carbAlbian

Apt (Zone A1)Apt (Zone A2)Apt (Zone B)Haut-BarremBerias-ValenU JurassicM-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

(a)

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

Matruh basin

M MioceneL MioceneOligocene

MaastCampU TuronTuronianU CenomTur

L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar



(c)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

Matruh basin

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Eocene

M Miocene

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSanConTur

L TurU CenL CenL CenU Alb

Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)

Figure 20 Maturity profiles for the wells Darduma 1A (a) Mideiwar 1X (b) Matruh 1-1 (c) and Ras Kanayes (d)


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Figure 21 Maturity depth map of the study area

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)

Early matureMid mature

(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Figure 22 Maturity levels at the surface of Bahariya Formation

and mid maturation to the southeast Kharita showed midmaturation levels in the most parts of the areaThese thermalmodels are concordant with the discovered gas reservoirsin the Matruh Basin from the deeper Alam El Bueib and

Khatatba Formations This work suggests that oil and gasdiscoveries can be fulfilled in the shallower levels of theMatruh Basin That will require a detailed structural analysisat these levels


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Figure 23 Maturity levels at the surface of Kharita Formation

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature

Main gas generationLate mature

Figure 24 Maturity levels at the surface of Alamein (lower surface of Kharita) Formation


Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

References

[1] J C Dolson M V Shann S Matbouly C Harwood R Rashedand H Hammouda ldquoThe Petroleum Potential of Egyptrdquo inPetroleum Provinces of the 21st Century v Memoir 74 W AMorgan Ed pp 453ndash482 American Association of PetroleumGeologists Tulsa Okla USA 2001

[2] T Abdel Fattah ldquoPetrophysical geological and geophysicalstudies at Matruh basinrdquo Qena vol 1 no 2 pp 61ndash74 1993

[3] T Abdel Fattah ldquoSource rock evaluation of the pre-Aptiansection at Matruh sub-basin north Western Desert-EgyptrdquoDelta Journal of Science vol 18 no 2 pp 149ndash159 1994

[4] A N Shahin ldquoUndiscovered petroleum reserves in NorthernWestern Desert Egyptrdquo in Proceedings of the 1st InternationalConference Geology of the Arab World pp 30-31 Cairo Egypt1992

[5] N Sultan and A Halim ldquoTectonic Framework of northernWestern Desert Egypt and its effect on hydrocarbon accumula-tionsrdquo in Proceedings of the EGPCNinth Exploration ConferenceCairo Egypt 1988

[6] Mid-oil Company ldquoStratigraphic column Matruh area West-ern Desertrdquo Internal report 1983 Mid-oil Company 1983

[7] F I Metwalli and J D Pigott ldquoAnalysis of petroleum systemcriticals of the Matruh-Shushan Basin Western Desert EgyptrdquoPetroleum Geoscience vol 11 no 2 pp 157ndash178 2005

[8] M F Ghanem M M Hammad and A F Maky ldquoOrgano-geochemical evaluation of the subsurface lower Cretaceousrocks of Matruh Basin North Western desert Egyptrdquo El MiniaScience Bulletin vol 10 no 2 pp 81ndash107 1997

[9] A F Douban ldquoBasin analysis and hydrocarbon potentiality ofMatruh basin North Western Desert Egyptrdquo in Proceedings oftheThird International Conference for Geology of theArabWorldpp 595ndash624 Cairo University Cairo Egypt 1996

[10] G Hantar ldquoNorth Western Desertrdquo in The Geology of EgyptR Said Ed pp 293ndash319 Balkema Publishers RotterdamNetherlands 1990

[11] H Schandelmeier E Klitzsch F Hendriks and P WyciskldquoStructural development of North-East Africa since Precam-brian timesrdquo in Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungenvol 75 of Reihe A Geologie und Palaeontologie pp 5ndash24 1987

[12] R Guiraud ldquoMesozoic rifting and basin inversion along thenorthern African Tethyan margin an overviewrdquo GeologicalSociety London Special Publications vol 132 pp 217ndash229 1998

[13] I M Hussein and A M A Abd-Allah ldquoTectonic evolution ofthe northeastern part of the African continentalmargin EgyptrdquoJournal of African Earth Sciences vol 33 no 1 pp 49ndash68 2001

[14] W M Meshref ldquoTectonic frameworkrdquo inThe Geology of EgyptR Said Ed pp 113ndash156 Balkema Publishers RotterdamNetherlands 1990

[15] W M Meshref and H Hamouda ldquoBasement tectonic map ofnorthern Egyptrdquo in Proceedings of the EGPC 9th Explorationand Production Conference vol 1 pp 55ndash76 Egyptian GeneralPetroleum Corporation Bulletin Cairo Egypt 1990

[16] G Sestini ldquoEgyptrdquo in Regional Petroleum Geology of the World22 H Kulke Ed vol 3 pp 23ndash46 Gebruder BorntraegerBerlin Germany 1994

[17] M M Ali Geophysical study on Matruh area Northern partof the Western Desert of Egypt [MS thesis] Assiut UniversityAssiut Egypt 1988

[18] S F SaidGeology Petrology And Reservoir Development Studiesof Umbarka area Western Desert Egypt [MS thesis] HelwanUniversity Helwan Egypt 2003

[19] J W Cowie and M G Bassett ldquoGlobal stratigraphic chartwith geochronometric and magnetostratigraphic calibrationrdquoInternational Union of Geological Sciences vol 12 no 2 1989

[20] B P Tissot R Pelet and P H Ungerer ldquoThermal historyof sedimentary basins maturation indices and kinetics of oiland gas generationrdquo The American Association of PetroleumGeologists Bulletin vol 71 no 12 pp 1445ndash1466 1987

[21] C Barker Thermal Modeling of Petroleum Generation Theoryand Application vol 45 Elsevier New York NY USA 1996

[22] J D Pigott and M O Abouelresh ldquoBasin deconstruction-construction Seeking thermal-tectonic consistency throughthe integration of geochemical thermal indicators and seismicfaultmechanical stratigraphy - Example fromFaras FieldNorthWestern Desert Egyptrdquo Journal of African Earth Sciences vol114 pp 110ndash124 2016

[23] P A Allen and J R Allen Basin Analysis Principles AndApplications Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford UK1990

[24] M L Keeley and M S Massoud ldquoTectonic controls on thepetroleum geology of NE Africardquo Geological Society LondonSpecial Publications vol 132 pp 265ndash281 1998

[25] N V Lopatin ldquoTemperature and geologic time as factors incoalificationrdquo Izvestia Akademii Nauk USSR Seriya Geologich-eskaya vol 3 pp 95ndash106 1971

[26] D W Waples ldquoTime and temperature in petroleum formationapplication of Lopatinrsquos method to petroleum explorationrdquoTheAmerican Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin vol 64no 6 pp 916ndash926 1980

[27] D McKenzie ldquoSome remarks on the development of sedimen-tary basinsrdquo Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol 40 no 1pp 25ndash32 1978

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Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

Abu Tunis 1X

Darduma 1A

Mideiwar

MMX1

Mersa Matruh

Mediterranean Sea

Matruh 2-1

Matruh 3-1

Matruh 1-1

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

Ras Kanayes 1

Siqeifa 1

N

N

E

Figure 1 Well location map Matruh Basin North Western Desert Egypt

The main potential source rocks in the Matruh Basinarea are the Lower Cretaceous Alam El Bueib the JurassicKhatatba [7] and the Albian Kharita Formations [8] Thehydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs are represented by the Mid-dle Jurassic Khatatba Formation Lower Cretaceous AlamEl Bueib Formation and the Lower to Upper CretaceousBahariya Formation [9] Three wells the Alexandrite-1X(2003) Mihos-1X (2004) and Imhotep-1X (2004) lie in thesoutheastern corner of our study area in the Matruh BasinThey produce gas from the Middle Jurassic Khatatba andEarly Cretaceous for Alam El Bueib Formations

2 Geologic Setting

21 Structural Background Thenorthern part of theWesternDesert Basin can be subdivided into five subbasins (Figure 2)The Alamein and Shushan subbasins strike approximatelyWSW to ENE and are bounded by faults of similar orienta-tion The Alamein subbasin is bounded to the north by theDabaa Ridge and to the south by the Alamein Trough TheShushan subbasin is bounded to the north by the UmbarkaPlatform and to the south by the North Qattara Ridge TheQattara subbasin strikes approximately E-W and is boundedto the north by North Qattara Ridge and to the south by theSouth Qattara Ridge The Khalda and Matruh subbasins arebordered by NNE to SSW trending faults [5]

The structural evolution of Egypt was influenced byseveral tectonic events that reactivated older structural trendsprevailing in the basement rocks [10 11] Hantar [10] iden-tified four main structural trends in the basement rocksthese being orientations of N-S NE-SW ENE-WSW and E-W trends During the Jurassic several rift basins were formedas a result of the rifting that was caused by the separation ofNorthAfricaArabia Plate fromEuropean Plate [1] Following

the rifting process during the Late Cretaceous the SyrianArc System was developed due to NW to NNW-SE to SSEcompressional forces that affected Egypt as a result of theconvergence between AfricanArabian and Eurasian plates[12 13]This compression lasted into the Eocene and led to theelevation and folding of major portions of the NorthWesternDesert along NE to ENE-SW to WSW trends Dolson et al[1] suggested that most of the traps discovered in theWesternDesert are related to the Syrian Arc Starting in the Oligoceneand continuing through the Miocene the rifting of the Gulfof Suez and formation of the Red Sea were fulfilled due toextensional forces in the NE-SW direction [14]

TheMatruh and adjacent Shushan subbasins initiallymayhave been formed as a single rift during the Permo-Triassicand later developed in a pull-apart structure [15] Metwalliand Pigott [7] tested the rifting hypothesis using geochemicaldata to examine the thermal modelTheir results showed thatthe riftingmodel approximates reality but that the steady stateassumption was not consistent with the geochemical data

3 Stratigraphy

The complex tectonic history of the Western Desert isresponsible for themany unconformities found in the stratig-raphy of the area [16] The sedimentary cover of the NorthWestern Desert ranges in age from Cambrian to Recent [8]A summary stratigraphic column for the area is shown inFigure 3

The Mesozoic section is represented by Jurassic and Cre-taceous rocks The Jurassic is composed of three formationsThese are from oldest to youngest the Wadi El NatrunKhatatba and Masajid Formations The Wadi El NatrunFormation is composed mainly of limestone and shale Thisformation is present in the northernmost part of theWestern


FIELDS NOT TO SCALE

0 100

(km)

0 60

(mi)












Tim

e(M

a) Age

Recent

Miocene

Oligocene

50

100

150

200

Upper

Middle

Lower

PALEOCENE



Cenomanian

Albian

Aptian


Beriasian

Tithonian

Kimmeridgian


Toarcian

Puensbachian

Sinemurian

Tert

iary

Eoce

ne

Late

Cre

tace

ous

Early

Cre

tace

ous

Late

Jura

ssic

Mid

dle

Jura

ssic

Early

Jura

ssic



Khoman

Abu Roash

Kharita

Masajid

Khatatba

Wadi N

atrun


Ala

mEl

Bue

ib

Alamein

Matruh

ShoshanZone A2

Alamein Dolomite


Unconformity

Unconformity

Unconformity

Unconformity

Marmarica

Moghra


Porosity












119870 = 119860 exp(minus119864119886119877119879) (1)











N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(a)

N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(b)


N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(a)

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(b)






(mi)

Line 7900

(km)

0 2 4

0 2

N


(mi)(km)

0

0

SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

302

2

4


SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

30 (mi)(km)0 02 24




(km)

0 2

(mi)0 2

4

SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

30

35




(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(a) (b)


(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(a)

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(b)






27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31

∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)








31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

N

E


1000

ms

A A

(a)

1000

ms

B B

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)










T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)



U Jurassic

M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin

(c)

J K Pal N

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSan

ConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar


14000

12000

(d)






31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N





11 Conclusions








M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 100 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

t = 0

Matruh basin


(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)


SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000



(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin


(c)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

J K Pal N

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

14000

12000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L MioceneOligocene

MaasCamSan


L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)


SantTuron



L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

(a)

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

Matruh basin



L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar



(c)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

Matruh basin

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Eocene

M Miocene

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSanConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)



31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E





31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy
















FIELDS NOT TO SCALE

0 100

(km)

0 60

(mi)












Tim

e(M

a) Age

Recent

Miocene

Oligocene

50

100

150

200

Upper

Middle

Lower

PALEOCENE



Cenomanian

Albian

Aptian


Beriasian

Tithonian

Kimmeridgian


Toarcian

Puensbachian

Sinemurian

Tert

iary

Eoce

ne

Late

Cre

tace

ous

Early

Cre

tace

ous

Late

Jura

ssic

Mid

dle

Jura

ssic

Early

Jura

ssic



Khoman

Abu Roash

Kharita

Masajid

Khatatba

Wadi N

atrun


Ala

mEl

Bue

ib

Alamein

Matruh

ShoshanZone A2

Alamein Dolomite


Unconformity

Unconformity

Unconformity

Unconformity

Marmarica

Moghra


Porosity












119870 = 119860 exp(minus119864119886119877119879) (1)











N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(a)

N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(b)


N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(a)

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(b)






(mi)

Line 7900

(km)

0 2 4

0 2

N


(mi)(km)

0

0

SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

302

2

4


SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

30 (mi)(km)0 02 24




(km)

0 2

(mi)0 2

4

SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

30

35




(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(a) (b)


(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(a)

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(b)






27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31

∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)








31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

N

E


1000

ms

A A

(a)

1000

ms

B B

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)










T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)



U Jurassic

M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin

(c)

J K Pal N

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSan

ConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar


14000

12000

(d)






31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N





11 Conclusions








M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 100 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

t = 0

Matruh basin


(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)


SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000



(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin


(c)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

J K Pal N

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

14000

12000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L MioceneOligocene

MaasCamSan


L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)


SantTuron



L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

(a)

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

Matruh basin



L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar



(c)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

Matruh basin

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Eocene

M Miocene

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSanConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)



31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E





31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy
















Tim

e(M

a) Age

Recent

Miocene

Oligocene

50

100

150

200

Upper

Middle

Lower

PALEOCENE



Cenomanian

Albian

Aptian


Beriasian

Tithonian

Kimmeridgian


Toarcian

Puensbachian

Sinemurian

Tert

iary

Eoce

ne

Late

Cre

tace

ous

Early

Cre

tace

ous

Late

Jura

ssic

Mid

dle

Jura

ssic

Early

Jura

ssic



Khoman

Abu Roash

Kharita

Masajid

Khatatba

Wadi N

atrun


Ala

mEl

Bue

ib

Alamein

Matruh

ShoshanZone A2

Alamein Dolomite


Unconformity

Unconformity

Unconformity

Unconformity

Marmarica

Moghra


Porosity












119870 = 119860 exp(minus119864119886119877119879) (1)











N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(a)

N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(b)


N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(a)

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(b)






(mi)

Line 7900

(km)

0 2 4

0 2

N


(mi)(km)

0

0

SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

302

2

4


SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

30 (mi)(km)0 02 24




(km)

0 2

(mi)0 2

4

SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

30

35




(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(a) (b)


(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(a)

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(b)






27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31

∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)








31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

N

E


1000

ms

A A

(a)

1000

ms

B B

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)










T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)



U Jurassic

M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin

(c)

J K Pal N

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSan

ConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar


14000

12000

(d)






31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N





11 Conclusions








M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 100 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

t = 0

Matruh basin


(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)


SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000



(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin


(c)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

J K Pal N

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

14000

12000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L MioceneOligocene

MaasCamSan


L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)


SantTuron



L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

(a)

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

Matruh basin



L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar



(c)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

Matruh basin

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Eocene

M Miocene

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSanConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)



31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E





31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy





















119870 = 119860 exp(minus119864119886119877119879) (1)











N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(a)

N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(b)


N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(a)

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(b)






(mi)

Line 7900

(km)

0 2 4

0 2

N


(mi)(km)

0

0

SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

302

2

4


SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

30 (mi)(km)0 02 24




(km)

0 2

(mi)0 2

4

SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

30

35




(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(a) (b)


(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(a)

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(b)






27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31

∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)








31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

N

E


1000

ms

A A

(a)

1000

ms

B B

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)










T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)



U Jurassic

M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin

(c)

J K Pal N

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSan

ConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar


14000

12000

(d)






31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N





11 Conclusions








M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 100 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

t = 0

Matruh basin


(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)


SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000



(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin


(c)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

J K Pal N

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

14000

12000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L MioceneOligocene

MaasCamSan


L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)


SantTuron



L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

(a)

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

Matruh basin



L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar



(c)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

Matruh basin

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Eocene

M Miocene

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSanConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)



31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E





31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy
















N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(a)

N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(b)


N

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

(a)

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(b)






(mi)

Line 7900

(km)

0 2 4

0 2

N


(mi)(km)

0

0

SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

302

2

4


SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

30 (mi)(km)0 02 24




(km)

0 2

(mi)0 2

4

SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

30

35




(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(a) (b)


(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(a)

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(b)






27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31

∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)








31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

N

E


1000

ms

A A

(a)

1000

ms

B B

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)










T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)



U Jurassic

M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin

(c)

J K Pal N

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSan

ConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar


14000

12000

(d)






31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N





11 Conclusions








M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 100 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

t = 0

Matruh basin


(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)


SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000



(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin


(c)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

J K Pal N

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

14000

12000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L MioceneOligocene

MaasCamSan


L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)


SantTuron



L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

(a)

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

Matruh basin



L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar



(c)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

Matruh basin

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Eocene

M Miocene

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSanConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)



31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E





31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy
















(mi)

Line 7900

(km)

0 2 4

0 2

N


(mi)(km)

0

0

SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

302

2

4


SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

30 (mi)(km)0 02 24




(km)

0 2

(mi)0 2

4

SW NE

TWT

(sec

onds

)

05

0

10

15

20

25

30

35




(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(a) (b)


(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(a)

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(b)






27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31

∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)








31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

N

E


1000

ms

A A

(a)

1000

ms

B B

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)










T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)



U Jurassic

M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin

(c)

J K Pal N

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSan

ConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar


14000

12000

(d)






31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N





11 Conclusions








M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 100 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

t = 0

Matruh basin


(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)


SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000



(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin


(c)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

J K Pal N

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

14000

12000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L MioceneOligocene

MaasCamSan


L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)


SantTuron



L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

(a)

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

Matruh basin



L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar



(c)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

Matruh basin

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Eocene

M Miocene

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSanConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)



31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E





31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy
















(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(a) (b)


(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(a)

(mi)

(km)0

0

2

2

4

N

(b)






27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31

∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)








31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

N

E


1000

ms

A A

(a)

1000

ms

B B

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)










T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)



U Jurassic

M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin

(c)

J K Pal N

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSan

ConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar


14000

12000

(d)






31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N





11 Conclusions








M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 100 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

t = 0

Matruh basin


(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)


SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000



(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin


(c)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

J K Pal N

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

14000

12000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L MioceneOligocene

MaasCamSan


L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)


SantTuron



L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

(a)

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

Matruh basin



L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar



(c)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

Matruh basin

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Eocene

M Miocene

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSanConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)



31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E





31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy
















27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31

∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)








31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

N

E


1000

ms

A A

(a)

1000

ms

B B

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)










T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)



U Jurassic

M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin

(c)

J K Pal N

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSan

ConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar


14000

12000

(d)






31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N





11 Conclusions








M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 100 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

t = 0

Matruh basin


(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)


SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000



(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin


(c)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

J K Pal N

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

14000

12000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L MioceneOligocene

MaasCamSan


L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)


SantTuron



L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

(a)

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

Matruh basin



L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar



(c)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

Matruh basin

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Eocene

M Miocene

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSanConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)



31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E





31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy
















31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

N

E


1000

ms

A A

(a)

1000

ms

B B

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)










T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)



U Jurassic

M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin

(c)

J K Pal N

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSan

ConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar


14000

12000

(d)






31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N





11 Conclusions








M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 100 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

t = 0

Matruh basin


(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)


SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000



(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin


(c)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

J K Pal N

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

14000

12000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L MioceneOligocene

MaasCamSan


L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)


SantTuron



L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

(a)

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

Matruh basin



L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar



(c)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

Matruh basin

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Eocene

M Miocene

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSanConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)



31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E





31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy
















31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)









31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)










T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)



U Jurassic

M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin

(c)

J K Pal N

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSan

ConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar


14000

12000

(d)






31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N





11 Conclusions








M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 100 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

t = 0

Matruh basin


(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)


SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000



(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin


(c)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

J K Pal N

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

14000

12000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L MioceneOligocene

MaasCamSan


L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)


SantTuron



L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

(a)

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

Matruh basin



L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar



(c)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

Matruh basin

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Eocene

M Miocene

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSanConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)



31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E





31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy
















31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(a)

31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)

(km)0 5 10

N

(b)










T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)



U Jurassic

M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin

(c)

J K Pal N

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSan

ConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar


14000

12000

(d)






31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N





11 Conclusions








M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 100 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

t = 0

Matruh basin


(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)


SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000



(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin


(c)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

J K Pal N

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

14000

12000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L MioceneOligocene

MaasCamSan


L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)


SantTuron



L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

(a)

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

Matruh basin



L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar



(c)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

Matruh basin

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Eocene

M Miocene

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSanConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)



31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E





31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy
















T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)



U Jurassic

M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin

(c)

J K Pal N

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSan

ConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar


14000

12000

(d)






31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N





11 Conclusions








M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 100 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

t = 0

Matruh basin


(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)


SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000



(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin


(c)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

J K Pal N

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

14000

12000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L MioceneOligocene

MaasCamSan


L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)


SantTuron



L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

(a)

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

Matruh basin



L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar



(c)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

Matruh basin

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Eocene

M Miocene

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSanConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)



31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E





31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy
















31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

N

E

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N





11 Conclusions








M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 100 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

t = 0

Matruh basin


(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)


SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000



(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin


(c)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

J K Pal N

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

14000

12000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L MioceneOligocene

MaasCamSan


L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)


SantTuron



L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

(a)

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

Matruh basin



L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar



(c)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

Matruh basin

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Eocene

M Miocene

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSanConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)



31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E





31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy


















M-U Jurassic

L Jurassic

T J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

250 200 100 0

Age (Ma)

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

t = 0

Matruh basin


(a)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)


SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000



(b)

J K Pal N0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0


L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar


Matruh basin


(c)

200 150 100 50 0

Age (Ma)

t = 0

J K Pal N

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

14000

12000

Eocene

M Miocene

Matruh basin

L MioceneOligocene

MaasCamSan


L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)


SantTuron



L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

(a)

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

Matruh basin



L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar



(c)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

Matruh basin

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Eocene

M Miocene

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSanConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)



31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E





31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy

















0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)


SantTuron



L Jurassic

t = 0

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

(a)

Matruh basin

01 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)D

epth

subs

urfa

ce (f

eet)

M MioceneL Miocene

Eocene

MaastCamp

SantTuron

Cenom carb

Cenom Clas

Albian

Aptian

U Jurassic

t = 0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


(b)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

Matruh basin



L CenomL-U Cenom


U Ox-L ValL-M Ox

L Val-M Bar



(c)

t = 001 1 10

Maturity ( Ro)

Matruh basin

Dep

th su

bsur

face

(fee

t)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Eocene

M Miocene

L Miocene

Oligocene

MaasCamSanConTur


Albian

L Aptian

L Bar-U Haut

M-U Bar



(d)



31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E





31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy
















31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E





31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy
















31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)


(km)0 5 10

N

N

E


31∘00

27∘00

27

∘30

27∘00

27

∘30

31∘24

31∘00

31∘24

0 5

(mi)(km)0 5 10

N

N

E

Mid mature






References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy


















References





























Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy
















Journal of










Volume 2018





Geophysics


Journal of




Microbiology





Agronomy















Documents

3D Seismic Structural Analysis and Basin Modeling of the Matruh … · 2019. 7. 30. · ResearchArticle 3D Seismic Structural Analysis and Basin Modeling of the Matruh Basin, Western