3D Scan Data for Selected Artifacts from Blackwater Draw

CRHR Research Reports CRHR Research Reports

Volume 4 Article 2

2018

3D Scan Data for Selected Artifacts from Blackwater Draw 3D Scan Data for Selected Artifacts from Blackwater Draw

National Historic Landmark National Historic Landmark

Robert Z. Selden Jr. Center for Regional Heritage Research, Stephen F. Austin State University, [email protected]

George T. Crawford Blackwater Draw National Historic Landmark, Eastern New Mexico University

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Recommended Citation Recommended Citation Selden, Robert Z. Jr. and Crawford, George T. (2018) "3D Scan Data for Selected Artifacts from Blackwater Draw National Historic Landmark," CRHR Research Reports: Vol. 4 , Article 2. Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/crhr_research_reports/vol4/iss1/2

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CRHR Research Reports, 2018Data Paper

3D Scan Data for Selected Artifacts from BlackwaterDraw National Historic LandmarkRobert Z. Selden, Jr.1,2* and George T. Crawford3

AbstractBetween February 8-11, 2016, selected artifacts from the Blackwater Draw National Historic Landmark (LA3324)were scanned in advance of a grant proposal to digitally aggregate the Clovis-era artifacts from the Clovis typesite. These data were collected using a NextEngineHD running ScanStudioHD Pro, and post-processed inGeomagic Design X 2016.0.1. All data associated with this project are publicly available (open access) andaccessible in Zenodo under a Creative Commons license, where they can be downloaded for use in additionalprojects and learning activities. These data have the capacity to augment a variety of research designs spanningthe digital humanities, applications of geometric morphometrics, and many others. Additionally, these scans willaugment a wide range of comparative research topics throughout the Americas and beyond. Reuse potential forthese data is significant.

KeywordsFirst Americans — Clovis — 3D

1Center for Regional Heritage Research, Stephen F. Austin State University2Virtual Curation Laboratory, Virginia Commonwealth University3Blackwater Draw National Historic Landmark, Eastern New Mexico University*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Contents

1 Overview 11.1 Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Temporal Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 Methods 22.1 Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3 Data Description 23.1 Collection Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 Format Names and Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.4 Creation Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.5 Dataset Creators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 Repository Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 Data Publication Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

4 Reuse Potential 34.1 3D Puzzles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Acknowledgments 4

1. OverviewResearch from the Blackwater Draw National Historic Land-mark (LA3324) has served as the foundation for much of

Clovis archaeology, and it is one of the more well-studiedClovis sites in the Americas. Influential studies from this sitecome from a variety of analytical domains to include lithics,mega-fauna, and plant remains. The site is located in south-east New Mexico (Figure 1), and is the type site for Clovistechnology.

The addition of analytical approaches that employ 3Dmeshes (Figure 2) helps, in this case, to advance discussionsof shape variations that occur among these artifacts; many ofwhich are regularly used in studies of shape using 2D data[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Many components of shape are difficult–if notimpossible–to characterize using traditional linear and orthog-onal approaches [6, 7], and are more accurately captured usingtheir native 3D format [8, 9]. These attributes can be couchedwithin a variety of theoretical frameworks [10, 11, 12]; how-ever, evolutionary archaeology remains the theory of choicefor geometric morphometric studies of lithic artifacts. Whilethe production of 3D data are labor and time-intensive (al-though see [13]), the benefits can be seen in their contributionto conservation [14], participatory digital archaeology [15],and dynamic illustrations [16, 17].

1.1 ContextWhile the detailed context of these artifacts is discussed else-where [18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23], an abbreviated listing is in-cluded in Table 1, and in each of the Zenodo entries. Thoseartifacts from Area C include 24136, 24143, 24152, 24156,24157, 24158 and 24161. The two artifacts from Area D are

1Published by SFA ScholarWorks, 2018

3D Scan Data for Selected Artifacts from Blackwater Draw National Historic Landmark — 2/6

Figure 1. Map of NE 1/4 of the Blackwater Draw NHL(LA3324).

24122 (Mammoth II) and 32095, while the large biface is fromArea E. Artifacts 6183/6188 (a refit of 6183 and 6188), 6185and 6186 are from the Dickenson Cache. Clovis points 25313,25316 and 25317 were found in context with Agogino’s Mam-moth IV, and Clovis point 25314 with Agogino’s MammothI.

1.2 Temporal CoverageA representative sample of 11 radiocarbon dates were selectedfrom those areas of the Blackwater Draw NHL that correspondto the known provenience for artifacts reported herein [18, 21,22, 23] (Figure 3). The Blackwater Draw NHL is the Clovistype site, and most regularly articulates with the Paleoindianperiod.

2. MethodsSelected artifacts were scanned using a NextEngineHD run-ning ScanStudioHD Pro. Two scans were collected at the high-est HD setting using eight divisions, then trimmed, aligned,fused and polished in ScanStudioHD Pro, before each was ex-ported as ASCII.stl and ASCII.ply files prior to post-processing[26, 27]. Those data were then imported to Geomagic DesignX, where the final meshes were aligned and processed.

2.1 StepsTo align each scan, a reference vector was inserted, followedby a reference point at the confluence of the vector and themesh (using a projection) at the central base. A plane was theninserted using the pick point and normal axis function, utiliz-ing the vector as the normal axis, and the projected point asthe pick point. Both elements (reference vector and reference

Figure 2. 3D scan of ENMU LA3324 25313. This 3D figurecan be rotated, measured and otherwise quantified. Toactivate the figure, this article must be downloaded to yourcomputer. Activate the figure by clicking on the image, thenclick/drag to rotate.

point) of reference geometry were utilized in an interactivealignment, with the the reference vector as the moving vec-tor, and the reference point as the moving point (Figure 2).Alignment has proven to be an important factor in downstreamanalyses, particularly when making the transition from DesignX and Control X to SolidWorks or other CAD-based platform[28] (Figure 5).

Post-processing of each 3D mesh began with the heal-ing wizard function in Design X, which corrects problematicissues with non-manifold poly-vertices, folded poly-faces,dangling poly-faces, small clusters, small poly-faces, non-manifold poly-faces, crossing poly-faces, and small tunnels.Following correction, the rewrap function was used to renderthe final mesh. Upon completion of post-processing, eachmesh was decimated to decrease file size prior to export as anASCII.ply.

3. Data Description

3.1 Collection Name3D Scans from Blackwater Draw National Historic Site

3.2 Data TypeDecimated meshes

3.3 Format Names and VersionsASCII.ply (mesh)

2https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/crhr_research_reports/vol4/iss1/2


Table 1. Context of Scanned Artifacts

Artifact No. Description Provenience

Biface Lg Biface S. Bank LocalityEL-2-120 Agate Basin Pt N. Bank Spring6183/6188 Blade W. Arroyo6185 Blade W. Arroyo6186 Blade W. Arroyo24122 Clovis Pt N. Bank Mam. Kill24136 Clovis Pt N. Bank Mam. Kill24143 Clovis Pt N. Bank Mam. Kill24152 Clovis Pt N. Bank Mam. Kill24156 Clovis Pt N. Bank Mam. Kill24157 Clovis Pt N. Bank Mam. Kill24158 Clovis Pt N. Bank Mam. Kill24161 Clovis Pt N. Bank Mam. Kill25313 Clovis Pt N. Bank Mam. Kill25314 Clovis Pt N. Bank Mam. Kill25316 Clovis Pt N. Bank Mam. Kill25317 Clovis Pt N. Bank Mam. Kill25330 Clovis Pt W. Wall32095 Agate Basin Pt S. Bank

3.4 Creation DatesFeb 8-11, 2016

3.5 Dataset CreatorsRobert Z. Selden, Jr.

3.6 LanguageEnglish

3.7 LicenseCreative Commons Attribution

3.8 Repository Location3D Scans from Blackwater Draw National Historic Site

• ENMU LA3324 Biface [29](http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.47134)

• ENMU LA3324 EL-2-120 [30](http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.47132)

• ENMU LA3324 6183/6188 [31](http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.46910)

• ENMU LA3324 6185 [32](http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.46911)






Figure 3. Selected radiocarbon dates associated with scannedartifacts from Blackwater Draw NHL. All dates wererecalibrated in OxCal [24] using the IntCal13 [25] calibrationcurve.











3.9 Data Publication DateMarch 3, 2016

4. Reuse PotentialData from this project have long-term and wide-ranging reusepotential, of which many applications may (likely) not yethave been contemplated. While the primary purpose of thisendeavor was to document these resources for use in addi-tional analytical and outreach efforts, one of the projectile


http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.47134




















Figure 4. Aligned 3D mesh for ENMU LA3324 25313illustrating the reference geometry (reference vector, pointand plane–in green) used to align the mesh.

points has since been modeled as a 3D puzzle that can be cutout using materials that are easily acquired by most (i.e., acardboard box).

These data have significant reuse potential in the digi-tal humanities where they can augment both qualitative andquantitative studies. They also hold promise for clarifyingquestions of shape, form, size and asymmetry, which can beaddressed in analyses of geometric morphometrics.

4.1 3D PuzzlesIn addition to the 3D meshes, one 3D cardboard puzzle wascreated (for ENMU LA3324 25313 [48]) to augment the on-site efforts of the interpretive staff by providing a physicalmodel through which visitors can interact with the digitalproxy. These cardboard puzzles were generated using Au-todesk 123D Make [49], and plans for the cardboard puzzles(Figure 5) accompanied the uploads to Zenodo. Those planscan be downloaded, glued to cardboard, then cut out to createa tangible model of a Clovis point. These files were uploadedto Zenodo in .pdf format, and are also compatible with mostlaser cutters.

AcknowledgmentsWe extend our gratitude to the Blackwater Draw NHL andto Eastern New Mexico University for providing the requi-site permissions and access needed to scan this selection ofartifacts. We also thank Dr. Michael J. Shott, Dr. Briggs

Figure 5. Modeled 3D puzzle of ENMU LA3324-25313created with Autodesk 123D Make.

Buchanan, and the anonymous reviewers for their commentson an earlier draft.

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[29] R. Z. Selden, Jr. 3D Model of ENMU LA3324 Biface,Zenodo, http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.47134, 2016.

[30] R. Z. Selden, Jr. 3D Model of ENMU LA3324 EL-2-120,Zenodo, http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.47132, 2016.

[31] R. Z. Selden, Jr. 3D Model of ENMU LA3324 6183/6188,Zenodo, http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.46910, 2016.

[32] R. Z. Selden, Jr. 3D Model of ENMU LA3324 6185,Zenodo, http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.46911, 2016.
















[48] R. Z. Selden, Jr. ENMU LA3324-25313 3D Puzzle, zen-odo, http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.47122, 2016.

[49] Autodesk. 123D Make, http://www.123dapp.com/make,2015.


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3D Scan Data for Selected Artifacts from Blackwater Draw