3D Bioprinting: Physical and Chemical Processes...2017/08/03 · 3D Bioprinting: Physical and Chemical Processes is an AIP Publishing Horizons conference sponsored by Applied Physics

3D Bioprinting: Physical and Chemical ProcessesMay 2–3, 2017 • Winston Salem, NC

3D Bioprinting:Physical and Chemical Processes Date: May 2–3, 2017

Location: Winston Salem, NC

Conference Organizers:Anthony Atala - Professor and Chair of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Director, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine

Roger Narayan - Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University; Associate Editor, Applied Physics Reviews

Local Organizer:James J. Yoo - Professor, Associate Director and Chief Scientific Officer, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine

3D Bioprinting: Physical and Chemical Processes is an AIP Publishing Horizons conference sponsored by Applied Physics Reviews (APR). Designed to facilitate conversation between innovative researchers at the forefront of applied physics, this conference will help shape the future of the field.

Please contact the journal manager at [email protected] with any questions or concerns throughout and after the conference. For urgent matters call +1.352.870.4211.

Day 1 – May 28:00am–1:00pm .......Registration

1:00–1:15pm .................. Welcome Remarks: Anthony Atala and Roger Narayan

Session I – Chair: Karen Burg

1:15–1:55pm ................... Anthony Atala (Wake Forest Medical School) Regenerative Medicine: Current Concepts and Changing Trends (Plenary Lecture)

1:55–2:25pm ................ Jürgen Groll (University of Würzburg) The Potential Impact of Nanotechnology for Bio-ink Development

2:25–2:55pm ............... Jos Malda (University Medical Center Utrecht) Bio-ink Development for Cartilage Regeneration

2:55–3:15pm ................ Coffee break

Session II – Chair: Jos Malda

3:15–3:45pm ................ Karen Burg (University of Georgia) Biofabrication for 3D Tissue Test Systems

3:45–4:15pm ................ John Fisher (University of Maryland) 3D Printing for Engineering Complex Tissues

4:15–4:45pm ................ Tal Dvir (Tel Aviv University) Tissue Engineering: From Matrix Design to Bionic Tissues

5:00pm ............................. Closing Remarks

5:30–7:30pm ............... Poster Session and Reception (Embassy Suites)

3D Bioprinting: Physical and Chemical Processes

PROGRAM

33 D B I O P R I N T I N G : P H Y S I C A L A N D C H E M I C A L P R O C E S S E S

Day 2 – May 3

Session III – Chair: James Yoo

7:30–8:30am ............... Continental Breakfast (Hearn Foyer - Marriott)

8:30–9:00am .............. Roger Narayan (North Carolina State University) 3D Printing for Drug Delivery and Sensing

9:00–9:30am .............. Douglas Chrisey (Tulane University) Towards Autologous Tissue Constructs: Laser Direct Write Cell Patterning onto Live Tissue

9:30–10:00am ............ Yong Huang (University of Florida) Jet-based Bioprinting: Implementation, Process Dynamics, and Process-Induced Cell Injury

10:00–10:30am ......... Coffee break

Session IV – Chair: Roger Narayan

10:30–11:00am ........... Richard Hague (University of Nottingham) New Approaches for Multi-Material, Multi-Functional Additive Manufacturing

11:00–11:30am ............ Shaochen Chen (University of California, San Diego) Rapid 3D BioPrinting of Designer Scaffolds for Microphysiological Systems Please note: Dr. Wei Zhu will be the speaker for this presentation.

11:30am–12:00pm ... Iain S. Whitaker (Swansea University Medical School) Combining Tissue Specific Stem Cells with a Natural Biomaterial to 3D Print Cartilage for Facial Reconstruction

12:00–1:30...................... Lunch (Embassy Suites)

Session V – Chair: Iain S. Whitaker

1:30–2:00pm ............... James Yoo (Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine) Bioprinting for Translational Applications

2:00–2:30pm .............. Wai Yee Yeong (Nanyang Technological University) Design and Printing Strategies in 3D Bioprinting of Cell-Hydrogels

2:30–3:00pm .............. Paulo Da Silva Bartolo (University of Manchester) Title: TBD

3:00–3:30pm .............. Closing Remarks

PROGRAM

4 3 D B I O P R I N T I N G : P H Y S I C A L A N D C H E M I C A L P R O C E S S E S

° Regular Reviews: Comprehensive reviews covering established areas in depth

° Focused Reviews: Concise reviews covering recent advances in established fields or new and emerging areas of applied physics

° Special Topic Sections: collections of reviews on a current and timely topic

Editors-in-Chief: Bill R. Appleton University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USAJohn M. Poate Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA

The dedicated home for cutting-edge reviews in applied physics

apr.aip.org

2015Total Citations:

458

2015Impact Factor:

14.31

2015Total Articles:

31

Anthony Atala Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA

PRESENTATION TITLE: Regenerative Medicine: Current Concepts and Changing Trends

ABSTRACT Patients with diseased or injured organs may be treated with transplanted tissues. There is a severe shortage of donor organs and tissues which is worsening yearly due to the aging population. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering apply the principles of cell transplantation, material sciences, and bioengineering to construct biological substitutes that may restore and maintain normal function in diseased and injured tissues. Stem cells may offer a potentially limitless source of cells, and 3D bioprinting applications are being utilized for potential therapies and body-on-a-chip technologies for drug discovery and personalized medicine. Recent advances that have occurred in regenerative medicine will be reviewed. Applications of these new technologies that may offer novel therapies for patients with tissue injury and organ failure will be described.

BIOSKETCH Dr. Anthony Atala is the Director of Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine and the Chair of Urology at Wake Forest School of Medicine. He is a practicing surgeon and a researcher in the area of regenerative medicine. His current work focuses on growing new human cells, tissues and organs. He is Editor-in-Chief of Stem Cells-Translational Medicine and Therapeutic Advances in Urology, and serves on the editorial board of 20 journals. He has received the US Congress funded Christopher Columbus Award, World Technology Award in Medicine, Samuel Gross Prize, Barringer Medal by the AAGUS, and Gold Cystoscope award. In 2011 he was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. Dr. Atala’s work has been included twice in Time magazine’s top 10 medical breakthroughs of the year. Dr. Atala is a member of the American Urological Association, American College of Surgeons, numerous international advisory boards, and is a founding member of the Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society. He was featured in U.S. News & World Report as one of 14 Pioneers of Medical Progress in the 21st Century. Over 10 applications of technologies developed in his laboratory have been used clinically. He is the editor of 20 books, has published over 500 journal articles, and has applied for or received over 200 national and international patents.


SPEAKERS

Karen J. L. Burg Harbor Lights Endowed Chair & Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

PRESENTATION TITLE: Biofabrication for 3D Tissue Test Systems

ABSTRACT Tissue engineering is the development of a biological tissue substitute or model by combining cells with a biomaterial scaffold. The early concept of engineering tissue for reconstructive purposes, i.e. to replace or enhance a damaged tissue or organ, has evolved to include the construction of bench-top test tissue systems for therapeutic development, developmental cell biology studies, and disease prevention. Regardless of the end goal, the viability of a tissue engineered product relies on cell-biomaterial interaction and the design of an appropriate 3D microenvironment. The fields of histology and pathology have been and will continue to be inundated with questions associated with the design of engineered tissues, the analysis of biocompatibility of cellular biomaterials, and the assessment of cell-material relationships. This presentation will include an introduction to 3D tissue test system biofabrication, the potential for personalized medicine, as well as the challenges and limitations associated with building a benchtop model system.

BIOSKETCH A graduate of North Carolina State University (B.S., Chemical Engineering) and Clemson University (M.S., Ph.D., Bioengineering), Karen completed a tissue engineering postdoctoral fellowship at Carolinas Medical Center in Charlotte, North Carolina prior to launching her faculty career. Her research program evolved from tissue engineering for regenerative medicine to the development of bench-top engineered tissue systems and diagnostics. Honors to Karen include a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, the inaugural Swiss AO Research Prize, recognition as a Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s TR100 Young Innovator, an American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering Fellow, an American Council on Education Fellow, a US Department of Defense (DoD) Era of Hope Scholar, a National Academy of Inventors Fellow, a Biomedical Engineering Society Fellow, an Intl Union of Societies for Biomaterials Sci and Engineering Fellow, and a AAAS-Lemelson Invention Ambassador. Karen has given over 200 invited presentations and authored over 140 peer reviewed publications on engineered tissues. Technologies from her team’s research serve as the basis for one spin-off company; a Burg invention was one of ten technologies featured in the inaugural Avon Foundation for Women - National Institutes of Health - Center for Advancing Innovation Breast Cancer Start-Up Challenge.


SPEAKERS

Shaochen Chen Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA

PRESENTATION TITLE: Rapid 3D BioPrinting of Designer Scaffolds for Microphysiological Systems

ABSTRACT In this talk, I will present my laboratory’s recent research efforts in rapid 3D bioprinting to create designer scaffolds using a variety of biomaterials. These 3D scaffolds are functionalized with precise control of micro-architecture, mechanical (e.g. stiffness and Poisson’s ratio), chemical, and biological properties. Design, fabrication, and experimental results will be discussed. Such functional biomaterials allow us to investigate cell-microenvironment interactions in response to physical and chemical stimuli. From these fundamental studies we are creating both in vitro and in vivo tissue models for a variety of applications such as a) tissue repair and regeneration, b) microphysiological modeling for disease studies, and c) drug toxicity screening.

BIOSKETCH Dr. Shaochen Chen is a Professor and Vice Chair in the Nanoengineering Department and Professor Affiliate in the Bioengineering Department at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). He is a founding co-director of the Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center at UCSD. Before joining UCSD, Dr. Chen had been a Professor and a Henderson Centennial Endowed Faculty Fellow in Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin from 2001 to 2010. Between 2008 and 2010, he served as the Program Director for the Nanomanufacturing Program of the National Science Foundation (NSF). Dr. Chen’s primary research interests include: biomaterials and 3D bioprinting, stem cell and regenerative medicine, precision tissue engineering, laser and nanomanufacturing. He has published over 125 papers in top journals and 12 book/book chapters. Among his numerous awards, Dr. Chen received the NSF CAREER award, ONR Young Investigator award, and NIH Edward Nagy New Investigator Award. Dr. Chen is a Fellow of AAAS, AIMBE, ASME, SPIE, and ISNM.


SPEAKERS


SPEAKERS

Tal Dvir Department of Biotechnology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

PRESENTATION TITLE: Tissue Engineering: From Matrix Design to Bionic Tissues

ABSTRACT The heart is a non-regenerating organ. Consequently, the loss of cardiac cells and formation of scar tissue after extensive myocardial infarction frequently leads to congestive heart failure. Given the scarcity of cardiac donors, a potential approach to treat the infarcted heart is to repopulate the ‘dead zone’ with cells capable of spontaneous contraction. Cellular therapy evolved to introduce cells into diseased areas and regain function. However, two main drawbacks of this approach are the lack of control of cell accumulation site after injection, and cell death before forming cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions. These shortfalls motivated the development of the tissue engineering concept, where 3-dimensional (3D) biomaterials serve as extracellular matrix-like scaffolds to the cells, enabling the cells to assemble into effective tissue substitutes, that may restore tissue or organ function. After transplantation the scaffolds either degrade or metabolize, eventually leaving a vital tissue instead of the defected tissue. In this talk I will discuss the recent advancements in the field of cardiac tissue engineering. I will describe cutting-edge technologies for engineering functional cardiac tissues, focusing on the design of new biomaterials mimicking the natural microenvironment of the heart, or releasing biofactors to promote stem cell recruitment and cardioprotection. In addition, I will discuss the development of patient-specific materials and 3D-printing of personalized vascularized cardiac patches. Finally, I will show a new direction in tissue engineering, where micro and nanoelectronics are integrated within engineered tissues to form cyborg tissues. In this new concept the built-in electronic network is used to on-line record cellular electrical activity and when needed to provide electrical stimulation for synchronizing cell contraction. Furthermore, electroactive polymers containing biological factors can be deposited on designated electrodes to release drugs in the cellular microenvironment on demand, affecting the engineered tissue or the host.

BIOSKETCH Tal Dvir is a Professor at Tel Aviv University, Israel. He obtained his B.Sc. (2003) and Ph.D (2008) degrees from the faculty of Engineering at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel. His Ph.D research focused on cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration. Tal continued his postdoctoral studies in the laboratory of Prof. Robert Langer in the Department of Chemical Engineering at MIT. His postdoc research focused on advanced materials for tissue engineering and regeneration. On October 2011 Tal was recruited by the Department of Biotechnology and the Center for Nanotechnology at Tel Aviv University to establish the Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. On 2013, Tal has also joined the newly established Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Tel Aviv. Currently, Tal’s laboratory designs and develops smart bio and nanomaterials and technologies for engineering complex tissues, such as the heart, brain and spinal cord. Recently, the group has developed advanced cyborg tissues, integrating micro and nanoelectronics with living engineered organs for controlling their performances.

John Fisher Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

PRESENTATION TITLE: 3D Printing for Engineering Complex Tissues

ABSTRACT The generation of complex tissues has been an increasing focus in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. With recent advances in bioprinting technology, our laboratory has focused on the development of platforms for the treatment and understanding of clinically relevant problems ranging from congenital heart disease to preeclampsia. We utilize stereolithography-based and extrusion-based additive manufacturing to generate patient-specific vascular grafts, prevascular networks for bone tissue engineering, dermal dressings, cell-laden models of preeclampsia, and bioreactors for expansion of stem cells. Furthermore, we have developed a range of UV crosslinkable materials to provide clinically relevant 3D printed biomaterials with tunable mechanical properties. Such developments demonstrate the ability to generate biocompatible materials and fabricated diverse structures from natural and synthetic biomaterials. In addition, one of the key challenges associated with the development of large tissues is providing adequate nutrient and waste exchange. By combining printing and dynamic culture strategies, we have developed new methods for generating macrovasculature that will provide adequate nutrient exchange in large engineered tissues. Finally, the use of stem cells in regenerative medicine is limited by the challenge in obtaining sufficient cell numbers while maintaining self-renewal capacity. Our efforts in developing 3D-printed bioreactors that mimic the bone marrow niche microenvironment have enabled successful expansion of mesenchymal stem cells by recapitulating the physiological surface shear stresses experienced by the cells. This presentation will cover the diverse range of materials and processes developed in our laboratory and their application to relevant, emerging problems in tissue engineering.

BIOSKETCH Dr. John P. Fisher is the Fischell Family Distinguished Professor and Department Chair in the Fischell Department of Bioengineering at the University of Maryland. Dr. Fisher is the Director of the Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory and investigates biomaterials, 3D printing, stem cells, and bioreactors for the regeneration of lost tissues, particularly bone, cartilage, vasculature, and skeletal muscle. The lab examines questions related to how biomaterials affect endogenous signaling among embedded cells as well as the interactions between stem cells and host vascularization. Key recent developments include the creation of a modular and scalable bioreactor for cell and tissue culture as well as the fabrication of 3D printed substrates for tissue regeneration. The lab is supported by research grants from NIH, FDA, NSF, NIST, DoD, and other institutions, and has authored over 115 publications, 260 scientific presentations, and 13 patents / patent applications. Dr. Fisher is a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (2012) and the Biomedical Engineering Society (2016). In 2015 Dr. Fisher visited the National University of Ireland, Galway as a Fulbright Fellow. Dr. Fisher is currently the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Tissue Engineering, Part B: Reviews, and Continental Chair Elect of the Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Society International - Americas Chapter.


SPEAKERS

Jürgen Groll Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

PRESENTATION TITLE: The Potential Impact of Nanotechnology for Bio-ink Development

ABSTRACT Biofabrication is a new field of research where cells are fabricated together with materials in automated processes to 3D constructs with stratified organization [1]. Lately, the need for a broader variety of bio-inks has generated considerable research interest [2]. We have in this context explored physically cross-linked hydrogels [3] as well as thiol-ene clickable systems [4]. Aside from the pure printability, control of drug loading and release into bio-inks is of interest in order to accelerate tissue maturation or for drug testing. This may be achieved by supplementation of bio-inks with nanoparticles. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) for example can be loaded with drugs and designed to only release their payload after cell internalization [5]. To explore this possibility, we used MSN with diameters of 350 nm as well as gold nanoparticles with a diameter of 30 nm as model systems. Both particle types were prepared with either positive or negative surface charge and formulated into a thiol-ene clickable bio-ink comprising negatively charged hyaluronic acid [6]. Rheological experiments show that both particle types can be supplemented in concentrations up to 10 mg/mL without affecting printability. Our data quantitatively shows that electrostatic interactions can be used to control the migration and release behavior of nanoparticles in and from printed hydrogels, and the subsequent uptake by cells. These results display a promising approach towards the local and temporal control of drug vectors in biofabrication through a combination of bio-ink development with nanotechnology using a generic principle. References: 1. Groll J, et al. Biofabrication 2016;8: 013001. 2. Jungst T, et al. Chem. Rev. 2016;116:1496–1539 3. Schacht K, et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015;54:2816–2820. 4. Stichler S, et al. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 2017;45:273-285. 5. Bocking D, et al. Nanoscale 2014;6:1490-1498. 6. Jungst, T, et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., accepted.

BIOSKETCH Prof. Groll received his Ph.D. from the RWTH Aachen University with summa com laude in 2005. From 2005 to 2009, he worked in industry in the field of functional coatings and biocomposite materials. In parallel, he built up a research group on polymeric biomaterials at the DWI Interactive Materials Research Institute in Aachen. Since 2010 he holds the chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the University of Würzburg. His research interest comprises applied polymer chemistry for life sciences, biomimetic scaffolds, immunomodulation, nanobiotechnology, and biofabrication. Within biofabrication, he coordinates the large European integrated project HydroZONES that focuses on the printing of layered constructs for cartilage regeneration. Since 2014, he also holds the ERC consolidator grant Design2Heal that concerns the evaluation of design criteria for immunomodulatory scaffolds. He is board member of the international society for biofabrication, editorial board member of the journal Biofabrication and advisory board member of the journal Advanced Biosystems. His work has been recognized by several awards such as the Bayer Early Excellence in Science Award 2009, the Reimund-Stadler award of the Division of Macromolecular Chemistry of the German Chemical Society in 2010 and the Unilever Prize of the Polymer Networks Group in 2014.


SPEAKERS

Richard Hague Centre for Additive Manufacturing (CfAM), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

PRESENTATION TITLE: New Approaches for Multi-Material, Multi-Functional Additive Manufacturing

ABSTRACT As is now widely recognized, additive manufacturing offers many potential advantages to both users and industry, with one of the principal benefits being in the extended levels of design freedom and complexity that can be incorporated into a component. For single material additive manufacturing —most notably the powder bed fusion techniques, which are of particular relevance and interest to industry today—we are beginning to see examples emerging that incorporate complex lattice structures or components that involve a degree of topology optimization or parts consolidation in their design. Though many of these emerging examples are impressive, by their single material nature, they also are limited to being used as “passive” components that require integration into a larger system in order to impart functionality beyond the mainly structural. However, taking the concept of design freedom beyond the geometrical domain to one where multiple materials are simultaneously deposited opens up the potential for the creation of functionalized, “active” devices “printed” in one build operation. However, though simple in concept, this discrete deposition of dissimilar materials throughout the volume of a part creates significant technical challenges, particularly in the deposition of useful materials. In this presentation, the author will focus on the current activities of the research group at Nottingham where there is an emphasis on multifunctional additive manufacturing. This research is predominantly, but not exclusively, utilsing jetting based technologies for the co-deposition of both structural and functional materials for electronic, pharmaceutical, and biological structures and devices and varying length scales.

BIOSKETCH Richard Hague is Professor of Innovative Manufacturing and Head of the Centre for Additive Manufacturing at the University of Nottingham. He has been working in the AM field over 20 years and has a background of being awarded and leading large multi-disciplinary, multi- partner research projects. Richard’s research interests are focused on AM specific processes, materials and design / design systems across a wide spectrum of industrial sectors. Current research programmes are focused multifunctional additive manufacturing processes, materials and computational methods (design system and modelling). He is also co-Founder and Director of Added Scientific Ltd, a spin-out from the University of Nottingham specialising in advancing Additive Manufacturing into industry (www.addedscientific.com).


SPEAKERS

Yong Huang UF Center for Manufacturing Innovation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

PRESENTATION TITLE: Jet-based Bioprinting: Implementation, Process Dynamics, and Process-Induced Cell Injury

ABSTRACT Maskless jet-based (including laser- and inkjet-based) three-dimensional (3D) cell bioprinting is a revolutionary advance for printing arbitrary cell patterns as well as creating heterogeneous living constructs. Unfortunately, process-induced thermomechanical injury to living cells as well as other biomaterials during printing still poses a significant challenge to ensuring satisfactory post-transfer cell viability. Using a representative laser bioprinting technology (laser-induced forward transfer) as a jet-based model system, we have been addressing the aforementioned printing-induced cell injury challenge by studying the process-induced cell thermomechanical loading during the cell droplet formation and landing processes and the post-transfer cell viability based on the process-induced thermomechanical loading. In this talk, the perspective of ongoing bioprinting research and implementation is first introduced. Then the modeling of the laser-induced cellular droplet formation and landing processes is discussed. The relationship between the mechanical loading information and the post-transfer cell injury/viability is further established through an apoptosis signaling pathway-based modeling approach. Finally, this talk shares some thoughts regarding basic scientific challenges during bioprinting.

BIOSKETCH Dr. Yong Huang is a professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. His research interests are two-fold: 1) processing of biological and engineering materials for healthcare/energy applications; and 2) understanding of material dynamic behaviors during manufacturing and process-induced damage or defect structures. His current research topics include three-dimensional (3D) printing of biological and engineering structures, precision engineering of medical implants and performance evaluation of machined implants, and fabrication of polymeric microspheres / microcapsules / hollow fiber membranes. He served as the Technical Program Chair for the 2010 American Society of Mechanical Engineers International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference (ASME MSEC 2010) and the 2012 International Symposium on Flexible Automation (ISFA 2012). He received various awards for his manufacturing research contributions including the ASME Blackall Machine Tool and Gage Award (2005), the Society of Manufacturing Engineers Outstanding Young Manufacturing Engineer Award (2006), the NSF CAREER Award (2008), and the ASME International Symposium on Flexible Automation Young Investigator Award (2008). He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 2002 and is a Fellow of ASME.


SPEAKERS

Jos Malda Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands

PRESENTATION TITLE: Bio-Ink Development for Cartilage Regeneration

ABSTRACT Hydrogels are attractive biomaterials for repair and potential regeneration of articular cartilage. Moreover, hydrogels are also particularly suitable as “bio-inks” for biofabrication as they recapitulate a range of features of the natural extracellular matrix and allow cell encapsulation in a highly hydrated mechanically supportive three-dimensional environment. Additionally, they allow for efficient and homogeneous cell seeding, can provide biologically-relevant chemical and physical signals and can be formed in various shapes and biomechanical characteristics. Optimisation of – intrinsically weak – hydrogels to address the physico-chemical demands of the biofabrication process, whilst ensuring the right conditions for cell survival is currently regarded as an important research topic. Nevertheless, the harsh in vivo mechanical environment also needs to be addressed. We have developed novel hydrogel-based bio-ink formulations, as well as multi-material biofabrication approaches that allow for the construction of intricate stable 3D structures, whilst providing the cells with a biologically suitable environment.

BIOSKETCH Professor Jos Malda is Head of Research at the Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Department of Equine Sciences, University of Utrecht. He also leads the Utrecht Biofabrication Facility. He is a long-standing Board member of the International Cartilage Repair Society and the current President of the International Society for Biofabrication. He received his MSc degree in Bioprocess Engineering (1999) and completed his PhD on Cartilage Tissue Engineering in 2003. He subsequently accepted a research fellowship at the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, (Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia). In 2007, Dr Malda was awarded a fellowship that allowed him to establish his research group in Utrecht, which focuses on biofabrication and biomaterials design, in particular for the regeneration of (osteo)chondral defects. He has published over 95 articles in peer-reviewed international journals, was awarded an ERC Consolidator grant in 2015 and is one of the initiators of the first international master’s programme in Biofabrication.


SPEAKERS

Roger J. Narayan Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA

PRESENTATION TITLE: 3D Printing for Drug Delivery

ABSTRACT 3D printing is a technology that involves preparation of three-dimensional materials and/or systems using a layer-by-layer approach. Several additive manufacturing techniques have been developed over the past three decades that involve processing of filamentous, powder, or liquid precursors. We have demonstrated use of 3D printing techniques such as microstereolithography apparatus, two photon polymerization, and piezoelectric inkjet printing to create many types of devices for drug delivery with features that cannot be obtained via conventional approaches. For example, two photon polymerization is a 3D printing technique that involves use of ultrashort laser pulses to selectively polymerize photosensitive materials at small length scales. Drug delivery devices with well-defined geometries are created by polymerizing the photosensitive material along the laser trace. This approach has been used to prepare drug delivery devices out of biocompatible inorganic-organic hybrid materials and polymers. The use of biocompatible photoinitiators for 3D printing will be discussed. In addtion, the use of two photon polymerization and piezoelectric inkjet printing to process devices for transdermal drug delivery will be considered. Several application-specific studies of 3D printed drug delivery devices will be described. Our results indicate that 3D printing techniques provide unique benefits for preparing drug delivery devices with small-scale features and unique functionalities. Approaches for commercializing 3D printed drug delivery devices will be discussed.

BIOSKETCH Dr. Roger Narayan is a Professor in the Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University. Since completion of a MD from Wake Forest University and a PhD in Materials Science & Engineering from North Carolina State University, Dr. Narayan’s research group has examined use of laser-based additive manufacturing techniques to process materials with micrometer scale and sub-micrometer scale features for medical applications. Dr. Narayan has edited several books, including the textbook Biomedical Materials and the handbook Materials for Medical Devices. Dr. Narayan has also pioneered several educational activities at the interface between engineering and medicine, including graduate certificates in nanobiotechnology at the University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University. Dr. Narayan has received several honors for his research activities, including the NCSU Alcoa Foundation Engineering Research Achievement Award, the NCSU Sigma Xi Faculty Research Award, the UNC Jefferson-Pilot Fellowship in Academic Medicine, the National Science Faculty Early Career Development Award, the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award, and the American Ceramic Society Richard M. Fulrath Award. He has been elected as Fellow of ASM International, AAAS, and AIMBE. He also serves as the 2016-17 ASME America Makes Fellow. He is also an Associate Editor of Applied Physics Reviews.


SPEAKERS

Iain S. Whitaker Professor of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Director, Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales, UK

PRESENTATION TITLE: Combining Tissue Specific Stem Cells with a Natural Biomaterial to 3D Print Cartilage for Facial Reconstruction

ABSTRACT Contemporary reconstruction of facial cartilage defects, relying on autologous tissue or synthetic grafts, is limited by donor site morbidity and infection/extrusion. Current tissue engineered neo-cartilage, using non-specific stem cells and synthetic biomaterials, fails to replicate native tissue anisotropy and is prone to degradation and mechanical instability. Our strategy involves combining a natural printable biomaterial (nano-cellulose/NC) with tissue specific stem cells (naso-septal progenitor cells/NP). Methods: Three formulations of pulp derived NC (fibril, crystal and blend) were characterized using FTIR, SEM and AFM. Rheological and printing (resolution and fidelity) properties were also determined. Primary human NPs were isolated using differential fibronectin adhesion, whilst non-adherent cells were cultured as differentiated nasal chondrocytes (DNC). NPs and DNCs were characterized using flow cytometry, qPCR, karyotyping, bioenergetics and growth kinetics. NPs and DNCs were mixed in sterilized NC with 2.5% alginate (NA) or alginate alone (AG) and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days to assess biocompatibility (viability and toxicity assays) and chondrogenic profile. Results: NPs were found to be plastic adherent, clonogenic (CFE 0.5-3.5%), positive for mesenchymal stem cell markers CD44 and CD90, capable of trilineage differentiation and self-renewal (>30 population doublings with no chromosomal abnormalities) with a distinct bioenergetic profile to DNCs. All three formulations of NC were found to have morphological and rheological characteristics compatible for both extrusion bioprinting and cartilage tissue engineering. Bioprinted cellular NA constructs, crosslinked using aerosolized 0.5M calcium chloride, maintained shape fidelity, over 80% cell viability (Live/Dead assay) and minimal cytotoxicity (LDH assay) at 24hrs and 72hrs following immersion in culture media at 37°C. SEM demonstrated ability of NA to stimulate chondrogenic phenotype after 14 days in culture, confirmed by a significant increase of chondrogenic gene markers (SOX9 (2-fold; p<0.01), COL2 (82-fold; p<0.01), and aggrecan (9.2-fold; p<0.05). Conclusion: Our preliminary findings are promising, and support the hypothesis that tissue specific stem cells in combination with a nanocellulose/alginate scaffold may offer a viable solution for producing cartilage constructs for use in facial reconstruction.

BIOSKETCH Iain is the Chair of Plastic Surgery at Swansea University Medical School and Clinical Professor at the Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery. After reading medicine at Cambridge University, Iain trained in Plastic Surgery in Boston, Yorkshire, Wales, Sweden, Melbourne, and Paris. He was the first plastic surgeon to receive the The Rowan Nick’s Award, the most prestigious of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons International Awards. Following this Fellowship in Melbourne, he was awarded the European Association of Plastic Surgeons (EURAPS) Young Plastic Surgeon Scholarship to work in Paris. His multidisciplinary research group, ReconRegen (www.reconregen.com) has won numerous awards from the Royal College Of Surgeons of England, the British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons (BAPRAS), the Medical Research Council and Welsh Assembly Government. Iain has published over 170 manuscripts (H Index 30, i10 Index 63) edited numerous books and holds positions on several Journal Editorial Boards (Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Frontiers in Surgery, Annals of Plastic Surgery, BMC Medicine, 3D Printing in Medicine and Bioprinting). His clinical and research interests involve facial reconstruction, encompassing tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting, for which he and his team have been awarded the Cutler Medal for 2016.


SPEAKERS

Wai Yee Yeong Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

PRESENTATION TITLE: Design and Printing Strategies in 3D Bioprinting of Cell-Hydrogels

ABSTRACT 3D Bioprinting aims to produce engineered tissue or organ in a mechanized, organized, and optimized manner. Various biomaterials and techniques have been utilized to bioprint biological constructs in different shapes, sizes and resolutions. We identified and discussed important design factors in bioprinting, namely shape and resolution, material heterogeneity, and cellular-material remodelling dynamism. In this talk, we will present our experiences in developing new bio-inks, and new strategies to achieve high shape fidelity and mechanical strength of printed cell-hydrogel. Design considerations such as data processing and printing toolpath for multi-materials bioprinting will also be presented. We also explored hybrid bioprinting strategy by combining conventional solid scaffolds with 3D bioprinting technology. Hybrid bio-ink constitutes of cell-laden poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) porous microspheres within encapsulation of agarose-collagen composite hydrogel (AC hydrogel). Cells were able to proliferate in the the bioprinted construct which showed more than 100 times increased in compressive strength compared to those of pure AC hydrogel. Potential of bioprinting in printing gradient constructs as cell-directive materials was also investigated. In our work of alginate bioprinting, the seeded cells showed robust viability either on the alginate hydrogel surfaces or in the 3D bioprinted constructs. The concentration of alginate solution and hydrogel stiffness influenced cell migration and morphology. Moreover, the cells formed spheroids in the bioprinted 10% alginate hydrogel construct.

BIOSKETCH Yeong Wai Yee is an Assistant Professor at the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore. She also serves as the Programme Director for the Aerospace and Defence Programme in Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP). Asst. Prof Yeong received her BEng (1st class Hons) and PhD degrees in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from the Nanyang Technological University in 2003 and 2006, respectively. Prior to joining MAE in 2013, she had industrial experiences in technical and supervisory functions in research and development, manufacturing and quality systems. Her main research interests are 3D printing, bioprinting, and the translation of these advanced technologies for industrial applications. Her current research topics include 3D printing of metal, multi-functional and lightweight structures and bioprinting in tissue engineering. She has also published a textbook “Bioprinting: Principles and Applications”. She serves as associate editor and reviewer in international journals. Dr Yeong can be reached at [email protected].


SPEAKERS

James J. Yoo Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine

PRESENTATION TITLE: Bioprinting for Translational Applications

ABSTRACT Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has emerged as an innovative scientific field that focuses on developing new approaches to repairing cells, tissues, and organs. Over the years, various engineering strategies have been developed to build functional tissues and organs for clinical applications. However, challenges still exist in developing complex tissue systems. In recent years, 3D bioprinting has emerged as an innovative tool that enables rapid construction of complex 3D tissue structures with precision. This developing field promises to revolutionize the field of medicine addressing the dire need for tissues and organs suitable for surgical reconstruction. In this session, novel and versatile approaches to building tissue structures using 3D printing technology will be discussed. Clinical perspectives unique to 3D printed structures will also be discussed.

BIOSKETCH Dr. Yoo is a surgeon and researcher. He is currently a Professor, Associate Director, and Chief Scientific Officer at the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and is cross-appointed to the Departments of Urology, Physiology and Pharmacology, and Biomedical Engineering. Dr. Yoo’s research efforts have been directed toward the clinical translation of tissue engineering technologies and cell-based therapies. Dr. Yoo’s background in cell biology and medicine has facilitated the transfer of several cell-based technologies from the bench-top to the bedside. A few notable examples of successful clinical translation include the bladder, urethra, vagina, and muscle cell therapy for incontinence. Dr. Yoo has been a lead scientist in the bioprinting program at WFIRM, and has been instrumental in developing skin bioprinting and integrated tissue and organ printing systems for preclinical and clinical applications.


SPEAKERS


SPONSORS

Douglas Chrisey Department of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA

PRESENTATION TITLE: Towards Autologous Tissue Constructs: Laser Direct Write Cell Patterning onto Live Tissue

Paulo Da Silva Bartolo School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

PRESENTATION TITLE: TBD

SPEAKERS

horizons.aip.org

3D Bioprinting:Physical and Chemical Processes

Documents

3D Bioprinting: Physical and Chemical Processes...2017/08/03 · 3D Bioprinting: Physical and Chemical Processes is an AIP Publishing Horizons conference sponsored by Applied Physics