of stained tissue of same specimen. In the result of in vivo experiment,relationship between the size of fiber tissue and the liver fibrosis stageswas confirmed.Conclusions: Our processing technique worked effectively for quan-tification of fibrosis.

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Ultrasonography of ankle joint and surrounding structures;normal anatomy correlated with MR and surface markerLee JH, Joo K-B, Kim SJ, Heo J-N, Seo H-S, Hanyang UniversityHospital, Korea; Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Korea;Hanyang University Guri Hosptial, Korea; Hanyang UniversityHospital, Korea

Ankle is an anatomic complex of ligaments, muscles, tendons, vesselsand nerves. Recently, ultrasonography has been more widely used inthe field of musculoskeletal radiology. It is easily accessible, noninva-sive technique with advantage of real time dynamic visualization. A lotof disorders involving the ankle can be demonstrated ultrasonographi-cally based upon the fundamentals of normal anatomic requisition. Wepresent techniques for detection of the ligaments, muscles, tendons,nerves and vessels with description of the scan technique and correla-tion with magnetic resonance images.

3614

Palpable breast lesions with benign morphology at US: Canfollow-up be an acceptable alternative to biopsy?Park YM, Lee JH, Han SS, Ryu JH, Kim OH, Busan Paik Hospital,Medical College, Inje University, Korea; Dong-A UniversityHospital, Medical College, Dong-A University, Korea; Dong-RaePaik Hospital, Medical College, Inje University, Korea

Objectives: To determine the negative predictive value of sonographyin evaluating palpable breast lesions with benign morphology andwhether follow-up is acceptable alternative to biopsy.Methods: Of the 1399 sonograms for palpable masses from January2004 to September 2005, there were 397 patients having masses withbenign morphology. Of them, this study included 274 patients (agerange, 12 to 64 y; mean age, 34 y) with 312 palpable lesions that werepathologically confirmed. Fine-needle aspiration (n � 7), US-guidedcore needle biopsy (n � 181) or surgical biopsy (n � 124) wasperformed for pathologic correlation. P-values and one-sided 95%confidence interval were calculated by one-sided test in a sample forproportion, using statistical software package SPSS for Windows ver-sion 12.0. P � 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.Results: Of the 312 masses, there were 310 benign lesions and twomalignancies (0.6%), for a negative predictive value of 99.4%. Atstatistical analysis, frequency of cancer is less than 2% (p value �0.0432, 95% confidence interval: �0.2 � 1.5%).Conclusions: The negative predictive value of sonography for palpablebreast masses with benign morphology is high (99.4%). Palpable breastlesions with benign morphology at US can be managed similarly tononpalpable probably benign lesions, with short-term follow-up alter-native to prompt biopsy.

3615

Ultrasonographic measurement of fetal nasal bone length in thesecond trimester in Korean populationJung E, Won H-S, Kim S-K, Shim J-Y, Lee PR, Kim A, University ofUlsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea

Objectives: To establish the reference range of fetal nasal bone length(NBL) in the second trimester in Korean population and to determineits clinical value as a marker of chromosomal abnormalities.

Methods: We examined fetal NBL of total 2921 women at 16 to 31weeks of gestation who visited Asan Medical Center from October2003 to August 2005. We analyzed the association between chromo-somal abnormality and hypoplastic nasal bone (�2.5 percentile).Results: During 16 to 31 weeks of gestation, mean NBL increasedlinearly with advanced gestation (R2 � 0.527). The fetuses with chromo-somal abnormality were 27 (including twelve of trisomy 21, two oftrisomy 18, three of Turner syndrome). When we used 2.5 percentile as acut-off value for a marker of trisomy 21, it had 50% of sensitivity, 3.1% offalse positive rate and 99.79% of negative predictive value. The incidenceof hypoplastic nasal bone in chromosomally normal fetuses was 3.07%.Conclusions: We present the normal range of NBL in the secondtrimester in Korean population and usefulness as a marker of trisomy21. Despite of numerical limitations and lack of statistical analysis,NBL in the second trimester for Korean fetuses seems to be shorterthan that of Caucasians, and similar to Chinese.

3616

Complication of renal transplantation: UltrasonographicevaluationPark SB, Cho K-S, Kim JK, Asan Medical Center, University ofUlsan, Seoul, Korea

Continued improvements in graft survival have led to widespreadacceptance of renal transplantation as the preferred treatment for themajority of patients with end-stage renal disease. Ultrasonography isthe imaging modality of choice in renal transplantation. We demon-strate the spectrum of ultrasonographic findings in complication ofrenal transplantation. We divide into five categories. The five catego-ries are as follows: urologic complication (urinoma, calculi and urinaryobstruction); fluid collection (hematoma, lymphocele, abscess and in-fection); rejection (acute rejection and tubular necrosis, chronic rejec-tion and autonephrectomy); vascular complication (renal and iliacartery stenosis, infarction, arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysmand renal vein thrombosis); neoplasm (renal cell carcinoma, lym-phoma, post transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder, gangliocy-toma and sarcoma). Ultrasonography can accurately depict and char-acterize many of the potential complications of renal transplantation.Familiarity with the clinical and imaging features of renal transplanta-tion will facilitate prompt, accurate diagnosis and treatment.

3617

The standard deviation on the histogram of hepatic ultrasound:Will it be a quantitative value for hepatic parenchymalechotexture?Lee CH, Choi JW, Kim KA, Park CM, Guro Hospital, KoreaUniversity, Korea

Objectives: The authors examined whether the standard deviation (SD)on the histogram can be used as an index to determine the homogeneityor heterogeneity of the hepatic parenchymal echo.Methods: The abdominal ultrasound examination was applied to 202patients. The echogenicity of hepatic parenchyma was measured in fourdifferent ROI of the liver. The standard deviations (SD) were automat-ically calculated on the histogram of the ROI in the PACS views. Theecho patterns of liver were classified into normal, fatty liver (FL), andchronic liver diseases (CLD). The multiple comparison of the averageSD in the three groups was carried out using a one-way ANOVA.Results: Among the 202 patients, there were 72 normal (mean SD:11.096), 66 FL patients (mean SD: 11.088) and 64 CLD patients (meanSD: 14.21). The SD values of the normal and FL had no significantdifference (p �0.05), but there were significant differences (p �0.01)between the CLD and normal, and the CLD and FL.

P296 Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology Volume 32, Number 5S, 2006