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Which statement correctly identifies and describes the role of a structure shown in the diagram
that is involved in translation?
(A) Structure W is mRNA, which is involved in converting the nucleic acid code into an amino
acid sequence.
(B) Structure X is the A site on the ribosome, which is composed of rRNA and proteins, and is
involved in the pairing of RNA codons with tRNA anticodons.
(C) Structure Y is tRNA, which “reads” the nucleic acid code and assembles the polypeptide.
(D) Structure Z is a growing polypeptide chain that is being synthesized by tRNA and rRNA,
and that will be folded and moved to its final location in or out of the cell.
3.4 D: Translation Quiz
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2. The table below shows the relationship between mRNA codons and their amino acids.
Which mRNA segment shows the correct base sequence and directionality to produce the amino
acid sequence Met-Pro-Tyr-Ser-Leu-Ile?
(A) 5'-AUG CCC UAG UCC CUG AUC-3'
(B) 3'-AUG CCG UAC UCG CUA AUA-5'
(C) 5'-AUG CCA UAU UCC CUG AUC-3'
(D) 3'-AUG CCU UAU AGC CUG AUU-5'
3.4 D: Translation Quiz
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3. The table below shows how mRNA codons are translated into amino acids.
A base substitution in which a guanine (G) base is replaced with a cytosine (C) base occurs on
the DNA template shown below.
3.4 D: Translation Quiz
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Which statement best predicts what will happen to the polypeptide that is translated from this
altered DNA template?
(A) The substitution will result in no change in the polypeptide, because only the third base in
the affected codon will be changed, and only the first two bases in a codon determine the
amino acid that is translated.
(B) The substitution will result in a change in the second amino acid to Ile, because the codon
will be changed to AUC, which codes for the amino acid Ile.
(C) The substitution will result in only one amino acid being translated, because the second
codon will be changed to a stop codon, and translation will immediately stop.
(D) The substitution will result in a change in all of the amino acids after the substitution,
because the new base will also change the codons translated after the substitution.
3.4 D: Translation Quiz
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4. The table below shows how mRNA codons are translated into amino acids.
Three bases are deleted in the mRNA sequence shown below.
3.4 D: Translation Quiz
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Which statement best predicts the effect of the deletion on the resulting polypeptide?
(A) The third amino acid will be deleted from the polypeptide, but all other amino acids will
remain unchanged, because the second codon will still code for the same amino acid and
no other codons will be affected.
(B) The second and third amino acids will be deleted from the polypeptide, but all other amino
acids will remain unchanged, because only the second and third codons will be affected by
the deletion.
(C) All of the amino acids after the first will be changed in the polypeptide, because the deletion
will create a shift beginning with the second, and this will change all codons that follow.
(D) The Leu amino acid will be deleted from the polypeptide, but all other amino acids will
remain unchanged, because when only one codon is removed, all other codons will remain
unchanged.
3.4 D: Translation Quiz
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