3/26 & 3/27 NOW THAT WE ALL KNOW THE PAPER III (HOTA) IS DIFFICULT IT IS TIME TO WORK!

ICEBREAKER ~ TAKE OUT YOUR PAPER III ESSAYAnswer the following questions in your notebook:What was purpose of the 3/5 Compromise?Describe the significance of bleeding Kansas.What did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 establish?What was the Compromise of 1850?

3/26 & 3/27NOW THAT WE ALL KNOW THE PAPER III (HOTA) IS DIFFICULT IT IS TIME TO WORK!1859 Harpers Ferry & John Brown John Brown and a group of abolitionists organized a raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia, a federal arsenal. Brown hoped that slaves would come to the arsenal and he would then lead a massive slave uprising. Brown was unsuccessful and captured. He was found guilty of murder and treason and sentenced to death.Many northerners saw Brown as a hero. Southerners felt that the North wanted to destroy slavery and the South along with it.Effect: Convinced many southerners that war was inevitable.

1860 Lincoln elected President The Southerners reaction to the election of President Lincoln was strong. They felt that the country had put an abolitionist in the White House. The South felt that secession was the only option. The South felt they had the right to secede. The Declaration of Independence stated that it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish a government that denies the rights of its citizens. Lincoln, they believed, would deny them the right to own slaves. Effect: In 1860, South Carolina seceded from the Union. By February of 1861, Alabama, Florida, Texas, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi had seceded.

1861 Fort Sumter After Lincoln took the oath of office in 1861, he announced that no state can lawfully leave the Union. He declared, however, there would be no war unless the South started it. The South started to take possession of all Federal buildings forts and post offices. The South took control of the three forts in Florida and was ready to take control of Fort Sumter in South Carolina. In April, 1861, the Confederates asked for the forts surrender. Major Robert Anderson of the Union refused to surrender. The Confederate troops proceeded to shell Fort Sumter. Anderson ran out of ammunition and was forced to surrender. Effect: Americas brutal, but inevitable, Civil War had begun.

Fort Sumter Charleston, SC

CIVIL WARADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGESNORTHADVANTAGESLarger populationMore industryMore resourcesBetter banking systemMore railroad mileageBetter leader (Abraham Lincoln)More shipsBetter balance between farming and industryFunctioning GovernmentDISADVANTAGESFaced hostile peopleSouthern territory unfamiliarCIVIL WARADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGESSOUTHADVANTAGESStrong popular supportFamiliar territorySuperior military training facilities

DISADVANTAGESSmaller populationFew factoriesLess food productionFewer railroad milesFewer shipsJefferson DavisBelief in states rightsCIVIL WARPROBLEMS NORTH AND SOUTH SOUTH

Enlistments declined Draft law drew names of men 18-35 to serve for 3 years could hire a substitute Bombing raids caused people to have to leave their homes Blockade caused imported goods to disappear Crops were destroyed, railroads were torn apart Clothing wore out and could not be replaced

NORTH

Peace Democrats (also called Copperheads) favored a truce with the Confederacy Enlistments declined Bounties offered failed Draft law drew names of men 20-45 Could buy out of it for $300 Draft riots took place in New York City in July, 1863CIVIL WARSTRATEGIENORTH

The Anaconda PlanBlockade the SouthSplit the Confederacy by gainingcontrol of the Mississippi RiverCapture Richmond, the ConfederatecapitalCIVIL WARSTRATEGIES SOUTH

WIN RECOGNITION AS ANINDEPENDENT NATIONCapture Washington, D.C.Seize central PennsylvaniaDefend homeland untilNorth tired of fightingGet Britain to pressureNorth to end blockade to restore cotton supplies

The Battle of AntietamSeptember 17, 1862

Robert E. Lee (CSA)

George B. McClellan (USA)

The Two CommandersGeneral Robert E. Lees reasons for invading MarylandTo gather supplies and troops from the slave-holding border state of Maryland.To give the farmers in Virginia time to bring in their crops for the winter.To get military or political support from France and Great Britain.To damage Northern morale before the November elections.To bring the war north and threaten Washington, DC and other Northern cities.Defeat the Union army once and for all.

Results of the BattleThe Battle of Antietam ended Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginias first invasion into the North

The Confederate Army Retreats Back to Virginia

Results of the BattleThe Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single day battle in American History. 23,000 soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing in a twelve-hour period.

Dead soldiers in front of Dunker Church.

Results of the BattleThis battle also resulted in President Lincoln issuing the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation

CIVIL WAREMANCIPATION PROCLAMATIONJanuary 1, 1863 Political move on the part of Abraham Lincoln when he was concerned the North was tiring of war- Freed only the slaves in the rebellious states Gave the North a new reason to continue the war Britain decided to withhold recognition of the Confederacy

The Battle of GettysburgThe Turning Point of the War20The PlanLee (C.S.A.) attempts another invasion of the NorthLee hopes to capture another northern city which could convince the North to seek peaceLee desperately needs supplies; stops at the town of Gettysburg, PA

21

The Union- NorthGeneral George Meade newly appointed90,000 troops

22The Confederacy- The SouthGeneral Robert E. Lee75,000 troopsGeneral Pickett General Longstreet

23Lees plan1. Weaken the flanks (sides)- Day 1 and 22. Attack the center of the Union line on Day 3!

24The TroopsUnion: Occupies the High GroundCemetery RidgeThe C.S.A.- wants to occupy the high ground Picketts ChargeJuly 2July 3rd

25Picketts ChargeOn the 3rd day of battle, Lee orders an all-out attack on the center of the Union line.George Pickett leads 15,000 Confederate soldiers in a charge across the low ground separating the two forcesHigh Tide of the ConfederacyNorthern-most point reached by Confederate armyClosest and last chance for Confederacy to win the War

26General Lee, I have no division now. .words spoken by General Pickett after the Battle of GettysburgAs the division marched towards the ridge, half were killed by cannon fire, cannister or bullets from the dug-in Union troopsOf the men that reached the ridge, most were killed or capturedUnion victory

27The AftermathCasualtiesUnion = 23,000Confederacy = 28,000

28Gettysburg Address Given by LincolnLincoln's Gettysburg Address became a rallying cry that easily ushered Lincoln into his second term in office and reinforced Union resolve to win the war.Exit CardList 2 Advantages of the NorthList 2 Disadvantages of the NorthList 2 Advantages of the SouthList 2 Disadvantages of the SouthExplain the significance of the Battle of Antietam & Gettysburg