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Industrial Revolution

Transforming England

1780-1800

Why another “revolution”?

What did it do? Developed factory system – encouraged steam

power Changed daily human life for individual and

society Influenced political situation in Europe

Where did it begin? Great Britain (Eng/Scot/Wales) - 1780s Continent – post 1815

Why England? Why did it begin in England?

Atlantic Economy: colonial empire provides market Water --- everywhere! Natural resources: coal and iron ore in Eng / Wales

Agriculture Abundant crops – low prices Money available for “luxuries”

Support Central bank Government strong and stable Mobile working class

Early Industry First: Cotton textile industry

Growing demand from “putting out” system John Kay, 1704-1764

Flying shuttle – allowed one weaver to operate a loom But thread not made fast enough…so…

James Hargreaves, 1765 Spinning Jenny – 6-24 threads at one time

Richard Awkwright, 1769 Water frame (improved spinning – then w/steam) Read The Traits of the British Industrial Entrepreneur,

564 Edmund Cartwright, 1743-1823

Power loom in 1785 – work moves into factories

1) Reasons for factories

Increases productive capacity Increases efficiency

interchangeable parts = quick fixes

Industrial machinery replaced workshops / cottage-based industry

Produces cheaper goods Higher profits

Replacing wood with coal

What’s wrong with wood? England is running out Burns too quickly

What’s better about coal? There is more of it Burns more efficiently

What’s dangerous about coal? Bringing it to the surface is hard work Environmentally unfriendly

How did this relate to coal? Coal eventually heats the water for the steam engine Steam engines help remove water from mines!

Sig: Transforms factories, transportation systems, etc. Henry Cort develops puddling – pig iron into steel

England ~1850

2) Developing steam power

Man primary source of energy – then used animals – wind – water…

Problem: looms, etc. – reached limit England short of wood for iron production Coal used for heating and minimal production A more efficient source of energy needed!

What else can be used for power? STEAM!!! – harnessed & attached to engines Newcomen (1705) & James Watt (1774): pioneers SIG: most fundamental advancement in

technology for First IR

Other results & revolutions

Stronger iron and steel produced Henry Cort – puddling &

steel roller

Transportation revolution Railroads:

Horsepower: slow and inexpensive

1800’s “steamer on wheels”: 1804, Richard Trevithick invents the 1st steam locomotive

1830 Stephenson’s Rocket – 16 mph • By 1850-50mph – “full steam ahead!”

Steamboats – Robert Fulton, 1807 (US! Sig: cheaper transport – markets nationwide –

larger factories – cheaper goods - faster…

Flying ShuttleReturn

Spinning Jenny Return

Richard AwkwrightWater Frame

Return

Power Loom Return

Steam Engines Return

Stephenson’s Rocket

Return

Robert Fulton’s SteamboatReturn