31.1 Pathogens and Human IllnessSet up Cornell Notes on pg. 63

•Topic: 31.3 Immune Response

•Essential Question(s):

1.How does inflammation help the immune system to fight pathogens?

2.Summarize: Explain how the proteins on the surface of WBC and pathogens interact to produce an immune response.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

31.3 The Immune Response

KEY CONCEPTThe immune system has many responses to pathogens and foreign cells.

RABBIT ISLAND CASE STUDY QUESTIONS DUE TOMORROW

31.3 Immune Responses

KEY CONCEPTThe immune system has many responses to pathogens and foreign cells.

31.3 Immune Responses

• Your body responds to pathogens in several different ways:– Your skin may swell and itch– Your immune system attacks the pathogens that

entered your skin

31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness

• White Blood Cell Videos 1 & 2 (6 mins)

31.3 Immune Responses

1. Inflammation, blood vessels become leaky.

– white blood cells movetoward infection anddamaged tissue

– characterized by swelling, redness, and pain

capillary wallextracellular space

white blood cell

31.3 Immune Responses

2. In Fever, body temperature increases

– High fevers can cause seizure, brain damage, and even death.

– Low fevers stimulate white blood cells to mature.

31.3 Immune Responses

– Antigens are surface proteins on pathogens.- Each pathogen has a different antigen.- Help the immune system identify a foreign cell

or virus (like a face)

virus

antigens

31.3 Immune Responses

• Memory cells- specialized T and B cells that provide acquired immunity because they “remember” an antigen that has previously invaded your body– Next time they come across the same pathogen they

destroy it before you get sick

B cellT cell

31.3 Immune Responses

The immune system rejects foreign tissues.

• Tissue rejection occurs in organ or tissue transplants– is the result of an immune response– immune system detects protein markers on the donor

tissue– makes antibodies against the donor’s tissue

31.5 Overreactions of the Immune System

KEY CONCEPTAn overactive immune system can make the body very unhealthy.

31.5 Overreactions of the Immune System

What is an allergy?

• An allergy is a response to a harmless antigen.– cause an allergic reaction.– cause inflammation responses.

31.5 Overreactions of the Immune System

• There are many different allergens.

– food, e.g. peanuts, milk, wheat, etc.

– airborne, e.g. pollen, dust mite feces, mold, etc.

– chemical, e.g. nickel, medicine, bee stings, etc.

31.5 Overreactions of the Immune System

• Allergens can cause anaphylaxis or (Anaphylactic shock)– Anaphylaxis is an extreme inflammation response.– Blood vessels and airways become too porous.– If not treated immediately, anaphylaxis can cause death.

31.5 Overreactions of the Immune System

In autoimmune diseases, white blood cells attack the body’s healthy cells.

• Autoimmune diseases are failures of the immune system.– White blood cells cannot recognize healthy cells.– White blood cells attack healthy body cells.– Tissues fail because of attack.

31.5 Overreactions of the Immune System

• There are over 60 autoimmune diseases.

31.3 Immune Responses

Body Story: Out of Control 22mins

1. What does the wasp venom do to Phoebe’s skin cells?

2. How do the affected mast cells react to the venom?

3. What are the side effects of Histamine?

4. Why does Phoebe not have any antibodies against a wasp sting?

5. What happens when Phoebe’s mast cells burst after her interaction with Spike the dog?

6. What mistake did the B-Cells make?

7. What is anaphylactic shock?

8. What are the symptoms of anaphylactic shock?

Pg. 62

31.3 Immune Responses1. What does the wasp venom do to Phoebe’s skin cells?• Pumps venom into her skin and kills her skin cells and triggers pain nerves

2. How do the affected mast cells react to the venom?• Discharge histamine- Blood vessels expand and fluid leaks out into the damaged area

with antibodies

3. What are the side effects of Histamine?• Build up of fluid=Inflammation- red/hot/swollen

4. Why does Phoebe not have any antibodies against a wasp sting?• She has never been stung by a wasp before= no antibodies. Her body must make them

from scratch

5. What happens when Phoebe’s mast cells burst after her interaction with Spike the dog?• Erupt and pour out histamine= Runny Nose/allergies (designed to wash a parasite away)

6. What mistake did the B-Cells make?• Mistakes the wasp venom for a parasite- They make “E” antibodies which will make her

allergic to wasps

7. What is anaphylactic shock?• Extreme allergic reaction

8. What are the symptoms of anaphylactic shock?• Thousands of mast cells erupt/fluid pours out all over skin=hives/she itches all

over=scratch off a parasite/blood pressure drops/Breathing problems/Heart beat increases