3.1 Redox Reaction

8/18/2019 3.1 Redox Reaction

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CHAPTER 3: OXIDATIONAND REDUCTION

3.1 Redox reaction

By: M . !te"#enie Ni$%


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Mo t c#e&ica$ reaction in'o$'e inoxidation and red%ction.

Oxidation and red%ction reaction &ay(e ex"$ained (y:

a) T#e addition or e$i&ination o* oxy+en

or #ydro+en.() T#e tran *er o* e$ectronc) T#e c#an+e in oxidation n%&(er. ) A redox reaction &% t in'o$'e (ot#

oxidation and red%ction at t#e a&eti&e. Bot# reaction occ%r

i&%$taneo% $y.


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Redox reaction in ter& o* additionor e$i&ination o* oxy+en or #ydro+en

Oxidation i de,ned a :a) T#e addition o* oxy+en to a %( tance.

() T#e e$i&ination o* #ydro+en *ro& a%( tance .

) Red%ction i de,ned a :

a) T#e e$i&ination o* oxy+en *ro& a%( tance.() T#e addition o* #ydro+en to a

%( tance.


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-e O 3 / ) 0 3C / ) -e / ) 03CO/+)

Car(on i oxidi ed to car(on &onoxidet#ro%+# t#e addition o* oxy+en.

Iron /III) oxide i red%ced to iront#ro%+# t#e e$i&ination o* oxy+en *ro&

t#e co&"o%nd. Car(on act a t#e red%cin+ a+ent

#i$e iron/III) oxide act a t#eoxidi in+ a+ent.


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Oxidi in+ a+ent 2 i t#e %( tance#ic# ca% e oxidation and it e$*

ex"erience red%ction.

Red%cin+ a+ent 2 i t#e %( tance

#ic# ca% e red%ction and it e$*ex"erience oxidation.


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H ! 0 C$ HC$ 0 !

Hydro+en %$"#ide i oxidi ed to%$"#%r t#ro%+# t#e e$i&ination o*

#ydro+en C#$orine i red%ced to #ydro+en

c#$oride t#ro%+# addition o* #ydro+en Hydro+en %$"#ide i t#e red%cin+

a+ent and c#$orine i t#e oxidi in+a+ent


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Redox reaction in ter& o*tran *er o* e$ectron

Accordin+ to t#i conce"ta) Oxidation in'o$'e t#e $o o* e$ectron

() Red%ction in'o$'e a +ain in e$ectronc) T#e oxidi in+ a+ent i de,ned a t#e

c#e&ica$ %( tance t#at recei'e e$ectronand %nder+oe red%ction at t#e a&e ti&e

d) T#e red%cin+ a+ent i t#e c#e&ica$%( tance t#at donate e$ectron and

%nder+oe oxidation at t#e a&e ti&e.


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Na 0 C$ NaC$ Oxy+en and #ydro+en ato& are not

in'o$'ed. !odi%& ato& i oxidi ed (y c#$orine (y t#e

$o o* an e$ectron to *or& a odi%& ion.

T#e e$ectron i recei'ed (y a c#$orine ato&to *or& a c#$oride ion.

C#$orine i t#e oxidi in+ a+ent #ic#%nder+oe red%ction.

!odi%& i t#e red%cin+ a+ent #ic#%nder+oe oxidation.


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Bot# reaction &% t occ%ri&%$taneo% $y.

In +enera$a) Meta$ are oxidi ed a t#ey are &ore

inc$ined to $o e t#eir e$ectron to *or&

cation .() Non4&eta$ are red%ced a t#ey are

&ore inc$ined to recei'e e$ectron to

*or& anion .


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Exa&"$e o* oxidi in+ and red%cin+a+ent.Oxidi in+ a+ent Red%cin+ a+ent- Oxy+en -Hydro+en4 Ha$o+en 4 E$ectro"o iti'e

&eta$- Acidi,ed "ota i%&&an+anate /5II)

4 Hydro+en %$"#ide

4 Acidi,ed "ota i%&dic#ro&ate /5I)

4 !%$"#ate and%$"#ite ion 6 car(on

4 Nitric acid6concentrated

%$"#%ric acid6#ydro+en "eroxide.

4 !%$"#%r dioxide6"ota i%& iodide6car(on &onoxide6iron/II) ion


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Oxidation n%&(er Oxidation n%&(er i t#e c#ar+e carried (y

an ion or an ato& o* an e$e&ent in aco&"o%nd.

T#e oxidation n%&(er i % ed to deter&inet#e tran *er o* e$ectron in a c#e&ica$reaction.

T#e oxidation n%&(er #a t#e a&e 'a$%ea t#e 'a$ency o* an e$e&ent or ion (%t ita "o iti'e or ne+ati'e i+n a7xed to it.

!EE TEXTBOO8 PA9E 11 .


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-or ion #ic# are &ade %" o* e'era$ato& /"o$yato&ic)6 t#e tota$ oxidationn%&(er o* a$$ t#e ato& i e;%a$ tot#e c#ar+e on t#e ion.

-or exa&"$e6 to deter&ine t#e

oxidation n%&(er o* c#$orine in ac#$orate ion6 e % e t#e *o$$o in+&et#od.

1. C$O36 $et t#e oxidation n%&(er o* C$ (ex.

x 0 3/4 ) < 41 x< 0=


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Na&in+ co&"o%nd % in+t#e IUPAC no&enc$at%re

A$$ &eta$ in +ro%" I6II and III o* t#e"eriodic ta($e #a'e on$y one oxidation

n%&(er. T#% 6 t#e e &eta$ need not (e na&ed% in+ t#e Ro&an n%&era$ I6II or III.Group Metal Oxidation

number

I >i6 Na6 8 01II M+6 Ca6 Ba 0

III A$6 B 03


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Meta$ #ic# #a'e &ore t#an oneoxidation n%&(er are na&ed (y"$acin+ t#e Ro&an n%&era$ in(rac?et a*ter t#e &eta$ to denote itoxidation n%&(er.

!EE TEXBOO8 PA9E 1 1. T#e na&e o* i&"$e anion nor&a$$y

end it# 2ide

Anion #ic# are co&"o ed o* or&ore e$e&ent or radica$ anionnor&a$$y end it# 2ide6 4ite or 2ate.

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3.1 Redox Reaction