3.1 Introduction Science

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INTRODUCTION SCIENCE


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Concept Map


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What is science

Study of natural phenomenon aroundus.

systematic study of nature and howit affects us and the environment.

The study of plants, animals, theenvironment including theuniverse.


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Though the study of science, we learn

to solve existing problems and to make

our world a better place to live in.


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The table below shows some examples of thebranches of science.

Branch ofScience Area of study

Biology Living organisms, includes bothplants and animals

- Botany Plants

- Zoology

Microbiology

Animals

Tiny living organisms such as viruses

and bacteria


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Genetics

Chemistry

Archeolog

y

MedicinePhysics

Astronomy

Genes and heredity, ways in whichcertain characteristics are passed onfrom parent to offspring

Matter its properties and thechemical changes it undergoes

Matter and energy and the

interaction between themTreatment of illnesses

Remains of Mans past, such asbuildings, art, tools, weapons andother objects left by people of aprevious culture and civilization.

Planets, stars and other heavenly

bodies.


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The study and practice of science involve inthree major elements- attitudes, processes or

methods and products.Attitudes :

Show how you think and feel

Processes / method :A series of things that are done in order to

achieve a particular result

Product :

the information and ideas of science thathave been recorded as scientific knowledge.


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oATTITUDES

Involves five senses: Touch, smell, sight, hearing,

taste


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Share the knowledge by discussing to their co-scientist


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Inference- a statement after many discussions

based on observation and measurements

Hypothesis- an explanation before conducting an

experiment.


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Deciding what apparatus to use in conducting

experiment


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Scientific Method


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The ScientificMethod

A Way to Solve aProblem


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Scientific method is a way that

used by the researchers to solvethe problem.

Scientists use a series

of stepscalled scientific methodto solve a problems.


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Problem

A problem is aquestion based

upon

observations.


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Observations Information

about theproblem.


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Hypothesis A suggested

solution to theproblem.

IfThen


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ExperimentA procedure to

test thehypothesis.

Control experimentwithout the variable

Variable factorbeing tested


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Data

Results of theexperiment.


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Conclusion

The answer tothe

hypothesis.


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RetestIn order to

verify theresults,

experimentsmust be

retested.


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Scientists share theirexperiments and findingswith others.

Because they share theirexperiments and findings,scientists can learn from each

other and often use someoneelses experiences to help themwith what they are studying ordoing.


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The steps of the

Scientific Method are:

Observation

Hypothesis Experiment Conclusion


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Be Scientist

the impact of detergent on fish


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Material :

2 glasses, 4 fish and water , detergent.

Design an experiment1. Give label A and B on the glasses. ,Fill each glass with

50 ml of water2. Put fish in glass A and B and add 5 drops of detergent

to glass B. And observe the fish in each glass for 5minutes and see whether the fish stay a live or die.

3. Note the observation in table Observation table


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Observation table

Number of live

fish

Number of die

Fishwater 2

Detergent water 2


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Answer the question below:1. under which condition (fresh water or water +

detergent) do fish live

2. under which condition (fresh water + detergent ) dofish die.

Analysis and application

Check your hypothesis. Does it support your data.Explain And give reason How do water and detergentbring impact on the live of fish.

Conclusion: To draw conclusion you must fit it with the result ofyour experiment


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Design the scientific models tosolve a problem

Scientist

Scientific methode


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The steps of scientific methode

are:1. Finding problem2. Formulating hypothesis based on

problem3. Design an experiment

4. Collect the data

5. Draw a conclution

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3.1 Introduction Science