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Bellringer:
The central nervous system is comprised of:
a. Brain
b. Spinal cord
c. Sensory receptors
d. Both a and b
What is the name of the outermost layer of the
brain?
a. Pia mater
b. Dura mater
c. Arachnoid
d. Pons
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 1
3.01 Remember the structures of
the nervous system
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 3
Essential Question
What are the structures of the nervous system?
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 4
Introduction: Structures of the
nervous system
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 5
Cellular structures of the nervous
system
Neuron- a nerve cell
Extensions of the neuron
Dendrites - many
Axon - one
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nervous system 6
Cellular structures of the nervous
system
Neuron- a nerve cell
Myelin sheath - a
special covering of the
axon
Synapse – the space
between neurons
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 7
Structures of the nervous system
Central nervous
system
Brain
Meninges
Spinal cord
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 8
Structures of the nervous system
Peripheral nervous
system
Nerves
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Sensory receptors
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 9
Structures of the
central nervous system:
BRAIN
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 10
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Cerebrum – largest
part of the brain
Divided into two hemispheres (right and left)
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 11
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon
Located between the
cerebrum and the
midbrain
Structures
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal body
Pituitary gland
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 12
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN Diencephalon
Thalamus – spherical mass of gray
matter; deep in the cerebral
hemispheres
Hypothalamus – lies below the
thalamus; part of the limbic system
Pineal body – endocrine system
gland
Pituitary gland – endocrine
system gland
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 13
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Limbic system
Located in the center
of the brain
Encircles the top of
the brain stem.
Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other
intricate structures. (Informational only for reference.)
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 14
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Cerebellum – located
behind the pons and
below the cerebrum.
Second largest part of
the brain/coordinates
balance and walking
Consists of 2
hemispheres
Right and left
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 15
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Brain stem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
16
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Meninges – tough fluid-containing
membrane that surrounds the brain
and spinal cord
Dura mater
Outermost layer
• Subdural space – fluid-filled
space between the dura mater
and the arachnoid
Arachnoid
Middle layer
• Subarachnoid space – space
beneath the arachnoid and above
the pia mater (contains CSF)
Pia mater
Innermost layer
17
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Ventricles – 4 lined cavities deep
within the brain
filled with cerebrospinal fluid
[CSF](serves as a liquid shock
absorber to protect the brain)
Choroid plexus – rich network
of blood vessels/helps in the
formation of CSF
Bellringer:
Which cranial nerve controls your sense of smell?
a. 1 (Olfactory)
b. 4 (Trochlear)
c. 2 (Optic)
d. 10 (Vagus)
Which part of the nervous system regulates the activities of
the visceral organs?
a. Central nervous system
b. Autonomic nervous system
c. Somatic nervous system
d. Spinal cord
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 18
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 19
Structures of the
central nervous system:
Spinal Cord
Surrounded by the
vertebrae, meninges, and
cerebrospinal fluid
Extends down the spinal
column to the 2nd lumbar
vertebrae
Lumbar puncture –
removal of CSF for
diagnostic purposes
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 20
Structures of the
peripheral nervous system:
Peripheral nervous system
12 cranial nerves Begin in the brain
Designated by number and name
31 pairs of spinal nerves Originate at the spinal cord and go
through openings in the vertebrae
Named in relation to their location on
the spinal cord
21
Structures of the
peripheral nervous system I. Olfactory - smell
II. Optic - vision
III. Oculomotor - eyelid and eyeball movement
IV. Trochlear – turns eye downward and laterally
V. Trigeminal – face and mouth touch, chewing
VI. Abducens – turns eye laterally
VII. Facial – most facial expressions, secretion of tears and saliva, taste
VIII. Vestibulocochlear - hearing, equilibrium, sensation
IX. Glossopharyngeal – taste, senses carotid blood pressure
X. Vagus – senses aortic blood pressure, slows HR, stimulates digestive organs, taste
XI. Accessory – controls swallowing movements
XII. Hypoglossal – movement of tongue muscles
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 22
Structures of the
peripheral nervous system
Peripheral
nervous system
31 pairs of spinal
nerves
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nervous system 23
Structures of the
peripheral nervous system
Motor system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 24
Structures of the
peripheral nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system Extends from the base
of the brain, along both sides of the spinal column
These nerves connect to all internal organs
Parasympathetic nervous system The vagus nerve
connects the medulla with organs of the upper body
The pelvic nerve emerges from the spinal cord and connects with the organs of the lower body
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 25
Structures of the
peripheral nervous system
Somatic nervous system
These nerves are
located along the spinal cord.
Connect skeleton, muscles and joints to the brain.
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 26
Structures of the nervous system