30 Data Centre Cooling Templates Vincent Byrne Consulting

30DATACENTRECOOLINGTEMPLATES

www.vincent-byrne.com

5 IT CLOSETS5 SMALL DATA CENTRES5 LARGE DATA CENTRES

5 SERVER ROOMS5 MEDIUM DATA CENTRES5 HIGH DENSITY ROOMS

Introduction 4

Room 1 : IT Closets (2 Server Racks) 6

Room 2 : Server Room (5 Server Racks) 14

Room 3 : Small Data Centre (10 Server Racks) 22

Room 4 : Medium Data Centre (15 Server Racks) 30

Room 5 : Large Data Centres (32 Server Racks) 38

Room 6 : High Density Solutions (40 Server Racks) 46

Consulting Services 55

CONTENTS

Vincent Byrne

01 02

Graduated with an honours degree in electrical/electronic engineering from Trinity College Dublin and the Dublin Institute of Technology. He has received post-graduate qualifications in project management and business development from the Irish Management Institute and University College Dublin where he has also guest lectured.

Vincent is a data centre design and efficiency consultant and managing di-rector of his own consultancy firm, which operates throughout Europe, the Middle East and Asia.

He is the appointed data centre consultant adviser to the Sustainable En-ergy Authority of Ireland and to over 30 Irish Government bodies includ-ing The Revenue Commissioners, The Central Bank and the Office of Public Works. He advises on a range of topics including data centre design and efficiency, fresh-air cooling, data centre refurbishment and new Data Centre builds. Vincent’s enterprise clients include Dell, Intel, Citibank, AIB, BP, Air France, Xilinx and Accenture.

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0304

30 DATA CENTRECOOLING TEMPLATES

As power loads increase and governmental policy on ICT energy efficiency develops in response to industry needs, the importance of a clear understanding of the principles behind efficient cooling design is crucial to business continuity. Using a set of original, pre-tested data centre cooling layout, this design guide will assist customers in planning their data centre cooling needs. This document focuses on six different room sizes and provides five different cooling solutions for each room.

INTRODUCTION

Data centre facilities are the IT brain of all organisations and provide the information and analytics necessary for business continuity. This IT process depends on the provision of uninterrupted power and cooling. This guide is created to assist data centre operators

Air Distribution ConfigurationsAirflow within a data centre has a major impact on the thermal conditions created within the space. Many of the temperature-related problems that exist in modern data centres stem from poor airflow management rather than under-capacity. Many of the problems are a result of inadequate planning. Vincent Byrne Consulting has developed techniques to successfully implement these airflow strategies into existing data cen-tres. Infrastructural analysis determines which airflow distribution method best suits the load requirement within the constraints of the building. In this document we will con-sider multiple airflow distribution techniques for different IT room sizes.

Under-floor Air DistributionThe most widely used technique for delivering air throughout the data centre works as follows: air is delivered under pressure by the Computer Room Air Conditioning units (CRAC) into the floor void and re-enters the data centre through perforated floor tiles or floor grilles. By positioning the floor tile to the front of the server racks the air may be delivered to the exact location that it is needed.

Overhead Air DistributionIn a room where a false floor is not available overhead air distribution is used. There are two options, a ducted system or a pressurised ceiling void. A ducted system provides airflow volumes more consistent with design parameters while a pressurised ceiling void creates a redundantairflow plenum and the flexibility to allow ease of room recon-figuration.

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TileFlowfor Simulation of Airflow andTemperature in Data Centers

Copyright © 2001-2010Innovative Research,Inc.

TileFlow by Innovative Research,Inc

In collaboration with

AIR DISTRIBUTION PROBLEMS

Some of the most common air distribution problems are explained below.

Air Recirculation

This occurs when hot exhaust air circulates from the rear of the racks to the front and re-enters the server at a much higher temperature, creating a risk of server failure due to overheating. The effects of this are seen at high level in individual racks and at the end of rows.

Air Mixing

This occurs when hot exhaust mixes with cold supply air before the cold air reaches the servers or the hot air returns to the CRAC units. The effects of this are lower CRAC unit efficiency and supply air will need to be kept unnecessarily low to keep servers within temperature bands.

Air Short-Circuiting

This occurs when hot exhaust mixes with cold supply air before the cold air reaches the servers or the hot air returns to the CRAC units. The effects of this are lower CRAC unit efficiency and supply air will need to be kept unnecessarily low to keep servers within temperature bands.

Hot air recirculating into the cold aisle.

Excess cold air mixing with hot exhaust.

Cold air is sucked back into cooling unit.

Room 1 : THE IT ClosETThe IT Closet is designed to act as a secure environment for IT equipment in a small business and to act as a network connectivity point within a larger office block or cam-pus. This is the smallest of the IT rooms in our cooling analysis but it plays a vital role in the drive to reduce energy consumption. In the case of large organisations, megawatt’s (MW) of energy may be used to provide cooling to hundreds of IT closets throughout large business , educational or hospital complexes.

Room description

Rack load

Cooling solution

Room dimensions

Temperature control

Fire rating

This room is an IT closet, typically used in small to medium-size businesses to house their in-house IT systems. It can house one, two or three racks within an enclosed and dedicated room.

This room is designed for 3KW per rack - perfectly suited for fresh air cooling.

The cooling designs will utilise a number of fresh air and refrigerated cooling de-signs all of which are aimed at providing low cost but well designed solutions.

The room dimensions will range from 3,000mm x 1,500mm which can accomodate one rack to 3,000mm x 2,700mm which can house up to three racks.

Temperature should be measured at the server intake and not allowed to rise above 25 degrees Celsius.

The recommended fire rating for a room of this nature is one hour.

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How it works :

Where is thissuitable ?

Redundancy :

Green tip :

Caution :

Room 1 : THE IT ClosET

Office air cooled

score : 22/25

Wall DX : option 1

Fresh air cooled

Wall DX : option 2

Ceiling DX unit

DEsIgn 1 DEsIgn 2

DEsIgn 4

DEsIgn 3

DEsIgn 5

score : 13/25score : 21/25

score : 11/25 score : 11/25

IT ClosET - DEsIgn 1Cooling using air from surrounding rooms.

Warm air is extracted at high level through a ducted or wall mounted fan extract.

Cold air enters at low level through grilles in wall.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 22/25

Cold air from the surrounding office environment is used to cool the relatively small IT heat load in the IT closet. Air is drawn through the closet by an extract system located at high level at the rear of the servers.

This is suitable when the IT closet is located in a room adjoining a relatively large open-plan office. The open-plan office area should be a minimum of 150sqm in size and cooled through mechanical means.

Redundancy may be provided by installing a secondary extract fan or by installing a wall-mounted direct expansion (DX) cooling unit.

It may be possible to reuse the extracted heat during the heating season by di-verting into an open plan office area or into adjoining ancillary areas. Specific designs should be tailored to suit site requirements.

Each customer’s design will require specific consideration to ensure that correct air movement is achieved.

400mmabove floor level

To learn how to implement this cooling solution

07 08




DX : Direct Expansion cooling unit

Room 1:


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IT ClosET – DEsIgn 2Wall-mounted free cooling unit.

Warm air is extracted from the room at high level in the hot aisle.

Cool air is delivered into the room by an exter-nally-mounted fan complete with filter and con-trols.

A DX unit may be installed to provide additional redundancy within the room.

Ensure the unit is installed at the correct height.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 21/25

The cooling is provided by means of a fresh air fan unit, which is installed in an external wall of the IT Closet. The hot air is extracted from the rear of the racks at high level and either reused in ancillary rooms or dumped-to-atmosphere.

This solution is suited to rooms with loads up to 6KW and with outside walls to a fresh uncontaminated air source.

Redundancy is provided by the installation of a DX unit that may act as backup.

This is a highly efficient cooling design and coupled with soft containment will provide significant reduction to the It Clostes energy costs.

Ensure the units are correctly positioned, and located at the right height in or onthe outside wall. Failure to do so will result in overheating.


IT ClosET - DEsIgn 3Ceiling mounted DX units provide cooling.

Cold air enters room and is projected to the front of the rack.

Watch out for recirculation of hot air into the top row of servers. Some containment may assist in this goal.

Primary and secondary units are installed to pro-vide redundant cooling.

Warm air is returned vertically to cooling unit.

The cooling is provided by two DX units (Direct Expansion) located above the hot server exhaust. These units should direct the air at a slightly downward angle therby ensuring the cold air reches the server intake.

This design is suitable where the cooling load is greater than 6KW and limited aand free cooling is not available

Redundancy is provided by the installation of an additional DX unit which acts as a backup cooling source.

To improve the cooling performance of these units it is possible to connect duct-work to the supply side which directs the cold air towards the location of the server intake. This needs to be designed specifically for the site.

To allow for the imperfect airflow charicteristics of this design the DX units should be sized to cool the total IT load plus 25%.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 13/25


1009

Room 1:Room 1:


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Room 1: Room 1:IT ClosET – DEsIgn 4Wall mounted DX units provide cooling.

Cooling units are located to the rear of the racks and the cold air is projected over the top of the racks.

Warm air is returned vertically to the DX unit.

Watch out for recirculation of hot air at the side of the rack.

Primary and secondary units are installed to pro-vide redundancy.

The cooling is provided by DX units (Direct Expansion) located on the wall behind the racks. These units project the air horizontally across the top of the racks.

Where ceiling mounted units are not an option. By positioning the DX units on the wall they are more easily accessible and pose less of a risk from leakage but performance is reduced.

Redundancy is provided by the installation of one additional DX unit which act sas a backup cooling source.

Install blanking panels in the racks to reduce the risk of air short circuiting through the racks. Use air curtains or ducts to direct the air to the server intake in the cold aisle.

To allow for the imperfect airflow charicteristics of this design the DX units should be sized to cool the total IT load plus 25%.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 11/25


IT ClosET – DEsIgn 5Wall mounted DX units provide cooling.


Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 11/25

The cooling is provided by two DX units located on the wall behind the racks. In this case the air is blow downward to the front of the racks where it is taken in by the servers.

Where ceiling mounted units are not an option. By positioning the DX units on the wall they are more easily accessible and pose less of a risk from leakage but performance is reduced.

Redundancy is provided by the installation of two DX units which act as secondary cooling source.

Air containment is necessary to control the hot return air and prevent it from re entering the servers. To improve performance install air containment feature where possible.

Overheating may occur if you do not plan and layout this room correctly

Warm air is returned over the top of the racks to the DX unit.

Primary and secondary units are installed to pro-vide redundancy

Cooling units should be located to the rear of the racks so that the cold air is projected downward to the front of the servers.

Watch out for recirculation of hot air at the side and top of the rack which may cause overheat-ing.


Room 1 : IT ClosET analysIs

How to read the above results :In the case of reading the capital costs and the operational costs on the graph above one means that the cost is high while a rating of five means that the cost is low. In the case of efficency, reliability and performance a rating of one means low efficiency, reliability or performance and a reading of 5 means highefficiency, reliability or perfor-mance.

To learn more about these cooling solutions

Room 2 : THE sERvER RoomThe Server Room as understood for the purposes of this analysis is a small data centre containing a maximum of five server racks and two connectivity racks. Common used throughout industry and small government departments. These rooms may or may not be designed with raised floors. Historically these rooms have been given very little de-sign attention resulting in poor design and higher operational costs.

Room description

Rack load

Cooling solution

Room dimensions

Temperature control

Fire rating

This room is a server room typically used in small to medium size businesses to ac-comodate in-house IT systems. It contains five server racks and two connectivity racks located within the room.

The overall room IT load is 19KW and is made up of 3KW per server rack and 2KW per rack for connectivity.

Acombination of overhead and underfloor air distribution, with and without con-tainment systems shall be considered.

The recommended room dimensions are for this rack configuration is 7200mm x 3600mm

The recommended temperature is 22 degrees Celsius in the cold aisle without con-tainment and 26 degrees Celsius with containment

The recommended fire rating for a room of this nature is two hours.


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Room 2:Room 2 : THE sERvER Room

score : 22/25

Up flow – nocontainment

Up flow – with containment

Underfloor with containment

Ceiling DX unit

DEsIgn 1 DEsIgn 2

DEsIgn 4

DEsIgn 3

DEsIgn 5

score : 15/25score : 18/25

score : 13/25 score : 11/25

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 22/25


1615

small DaTa CEnTRE – DEsIgn 1

Fresh air cooling with underfloor air delivery.

Free cooling is created by drawing in fresh air from outside and mixing it with the hot return air to create the optimum supply air temperature.

Hot air is returned to the front of the CRAC unit.

The cold air is supplied into the floor void and de-livered into a contained cold aisle.

Fresh air is utilised to provide free cooling by using a specially designed CRAC unit which has a fresh air intake. When the outside air it is too cold it is mixed with server exhaust air and when the outside air is too warm it is cooled within the CRAC unit.

It is suited to new and retrofit situations where an outside wall is reachable by installing ductwork.

Redundancy is provided by the installation of one additional CRAC unit.

This may be installed with hot or cold aisle containment to improve the internal airflow performance.

Keep the duct runs short where possible so that the associated pressure drop can be overcome by the CRAC units internal fans .

Fresh Air Cooling underfloor


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Room 2:sERvER Room – DEsIgn 2 Downflow - no containment.

Cold air is delivered from the up-flow CRAC units through the floor void and into the servers.

Hot air is returned above the floor to the CRAC units. Air intake to the CRAC units is at the front face.

By using cold aisle containment up can control the supply air temperature into the servers with greater accuracy.

Cooling is provided by means of downflow CRAC units situated at one end of the server room which delivers cold air into the contained cold aisle. The hot air exhausts into an open hot aisle and returns to the top of the CRAC units.

This layout is suitable for most server rooms for a load of up to 6kw per rack. The units willincrease in size as the power load per rack goes up.

Redundancy is provided by the installation of a second CRAC unit.

Containment will increase efficiency by 15 to 20%. and improve the distribution of air in the cold aisle. As a result heavily powered equipment can to be posi-tioned at any point along the row.

It is important to ensure that the cold aisle is not over pressurised, this can be prevented by the installation of pressure sensors in the contained aisle.Avoid in-stalling cabling or other obstructions to airflow in the flow void.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 18/25


1817

Room 2: sERvER Room – DEsIgn 3Upflow units using a ceiling air delivery with con-tainment

Cold air is delivered from the up-flow CRAC units through the ceiling void and drops into the cold aisle.

Containment improves the efficiency of the cool-ing system.

Hot air is returned above the floor to the CRAC units. Air intake to the CRAC units is at the front face.

Cooling is provided by means of upflow CRAC units which deliver the air through the ceiling void and into the cold aisle via ceiling grills. The air is returned above the floor and into the front face of the CRAC units.

This solution is most suited to room with no floor void and with a ceiling void of of 450mm minimum. This design is particularly suited to retrofits where upflow units are already in place.

Redundancy is provided by the installation of a second CRAC.unit..

The installation of cold aisle containment increases the design efficiency greatly and also increases the reliability and performance of this design.

To prevent over pressurising, specify EC fans in the CRAC units and install presure sensors in the cold ailse. Ensure that the ceiling void is sealed so that cold air is not lost to the adjoining rooms through service opes.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 15/25



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Room 2:sERvER Room – DEsIgn 4Upflow units using a ceiling air delivery path with no aisle containment installed.

Cold air is delivered from the up-flow CRAC units through the ceiling void and drops into the cold aisle.

Hot air returns above the floor to the CRAC units. Air intake to the CRAC units is at the front face.

Note: Without containment, hot air can easily re-circulate into the cold aisle.

Cooling is provided by means of an upflow CRAC units which deliver the air into the ceiling void and into the cold aisle via ceiling grilles. The air is returned above the floor into the front face of the CRAC units.

This solution is most suited to a room with no floor void and with a ceiling void of 450mm minimum. This design is particularly suited to retrofits where upflow units are already in place.

Redundancy is provided by the installation of a second CRAC.

This is an efficient way of overcoming the restriction of a reduced floor void. It can also be a very adequate way of increating the operating efficiency of upflow units

Ensure grilles are positioned correctly and the ceiling void is sealed and decon-taminated.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 13/25


2019

Room 2: sERvER Room – DEsIgn 5 Ceiling mounted DX with no containment.

Cold air is delivered from the ceiling mounted DX units into the cold aisle to the front of the racks.

Hot air is returned from the rear of the servers up-ward to the intake of the DX units.

Note: Improvement to this design can be made by installing containment which would help the cooling system ballance the cold air supply and demand.

Ceiling-mounted DX units at high level above racks.

The cooling is provided by means of a ceiling mounted DX positioned to the rear of the server racks. The air is pumped into an open cold aisle and returns vertically into the DX unit

This solution is suitable in roomes witout a raised floor.

Redundancy is provided by the installation of a second DX uni.

Additional airflow control mab be achieved by directing the air using ductwork mounted to the air supply side of the DX units.

Ensure the units are positioned to prevent leakage onto the racks from the con-densate drain . A drip-tray and water detection should be installed.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 11/25



Room 2 : sERvER Room analysIs Room 3 : THE small DaTa CEnTREThis room is a small data centre and is capable of housing up to ten racks each with a maximum load of 6KW. Connectivity may be included or located in an adjoining room. The design includes the distribution board, UPS units and batteries housed within the room.

Room description

Rack load

Cooling solution

Room dimensions

Temperature control

Fire rating

This room is a small data centre and typically found in a small to medium sized busi-ness. It consists of ten racks within an enclosed and dedicated room.

This room is designed for a maximum IT load of 6KW per rack giving an overall room server load of 60kW.

A combination of overheard and underfloor distribution, with and without contain-ment systems shall be considered.

The recommended minimum room dimensions are 6,600mm x 4,800mm for this rack configuration.

Temperature should be measured at the server intake and set at 22 degrees Celsius. If containment is installed this temperature can be raised to 26 degC.

The recommended fire rating for a room of this nature is 2 hour.s

2221




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Room 3 :Room 3 : THE small DaTa CEnTRE

Fresh Air Cooling underfloor

score : 22/25

Underfloor with hot containment

Overhead with containment

Underfloor with no containment

Underfloor with cold containment

DEsIgn 1 DEsIgn 2

DEsIgn 4

DEsIgn 3

DEsIgn 5

score : 17/25score : 18/25

score : 17/25 score : 13/25

small DaTa CEnTRE – DEsIgn 1



Note: Hot aisle containment may also be utilised.







Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 22/25



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Room 3 : small DaTa CEnTRE – DEsIgn 3

Downflow units with cold aisle containment.

By installing cold aisle containment the perfor-mance of the room greatly improves leading to higher efficiency.

The containment system prevents the occurrence of hotspots at the end of the cold aisles.

Cooling is provided by means of down-flow CRAC units delivering cold air into the floor void which is vented into the cold aisle via floor tiles.

Suitable for loads of up to 6kW and a total of 60kW. The layout require a floor void of 300mm. Cabling should be installed overhead. Existing rooms can be easily retrofitted.


With containment in place supply and return air temperatures can be increased with a resultant increase in the co-efficiency of performance of the CRAC units


Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 17/25


2625


Downflow units with hot aisle containment.

Note : When installing hot aisle containment it is necessary to use a ceiling plenum to return the air to the CRAC unit.

Hot air is returned through the contained hot aisle into the ceiling plenum and back to the CRAC units.

Cold air is delivered into the floor void and up through the floor grilles into an open cold aisle.

By using hot aisle containment we are creat-ing a large pool of cold air which is available during a cooling failure.

Cooling is provided by means of down-flow CRAC units delivering cold air into the floor void which is vented into the cold aisle via floor tiles. The hot aisle is con-tained up to ceiling level thereby forming a return air path to the CRAC units

This solution is suitable for loads of up to 6KW and a total of 60kW. The layout requires a floor void of 300mm clear. A ceiling depth of 450mm can be created.


When the hot aisle is containment the remiander of the room becomes an open cold aisle. This increases the amount of available cold air during cooling system failure.

Clean the ceiling void before flushing with air to ensure the majority of the dirt or dust particles are removed.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 18/25



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2827


Upflow units with cold aisle containment.

Cold air is delivered through the ceiling void into a contained cold aisle.

Hot air is returned above the floor to the front face of the CRAC units.

Cooling is provided by means of up-flow CRAC units delivering cold air through the ceiling void and into the cold aisle via perforated ceiling tiles. The cold aisle containment is extended to the ceiling to forms the supply air path.

This solution is best suited to rooms with no floor void but have enough room to create a ceiling plenum that can act as an air delivery path. This solution is suit-able for loads of up to 6KW amounting to a maximum total of 60KW.

Redundancy is provided by the installation of a second CRAC

This solution combines cold aisle containment with the lack of floor void to create a very efficient air delivery method.

Clean the ceiling void before flushing with air to ensure the majority of dirt and dust particles are removed.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 17/25



Downflow units with no containment.

A lack of containment allows the hot air re-circulate into the end rack as it returns to the CRAC unit. This decreases the overall cooling efficiency.

Cooling is provided by means of down-flow CRAC units delivering cold air into the floor void which is vented into the cold aisle via floor tiles.

Suitable for a rack loads of up to 6KW and a total of 60kW. The layout requires a minimum floor void of 300mm. This is easily retrofitted to existing rooms .

Redundancy is provided by the installation of a second CRAC.

The hot exhaust air may be returned through the ceiling to improve the efficiency of the design by reducing the risk of hot air recirculation.

Floor depth to be kept at a minimum of 300mm, 450mm is preferred for rack loads above 6kw. Cabling should be installed overhear.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 13/25


Cold air is delivered through the floor void and up through the floor grilles into a contained cold aisle.

Hot air is returned through the open hot aisle into the ceiling plenum and back to the CRAC units.

Room 3 :


Room 3 : small DaTa CEnTRE analysIs Room 4 : THE mEDIum DaTa CEnTREThis room is a medium-size data centre and is capable of housing up to 15 Server racks at a maximum load of 6KW. In addition, there is room for up to four connectivity racks capable of supplying 3KW of power load in each. The design allows for the distribution board, UPS units and batteries to be housed within the roo

Room description

Rack load

Cooling solution

Room dimensions

Temperature control

Fire rating

This room is medium data centre and typically found in a medium to large size busi-ness. It consists of up to 15 racks within an enclosed and dedicated room.

This room is designed for maximum of 6KW per rack giving an overall room Server load of 90W


The recommended minimum room dimensions are 6,600mm x 4,800mm for this rack configuration.

Temperature should be measured at the server intake and set at 22 degrees Celsius. If containment is installed this temperature can be raised to 26 degC.

The recommended fire rating for a room of this nature is 2 hour.s

3029




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Caution :

Room 4 :Room 4 : THE mEDIum DaTa CEnTRE

Underfloor - no containment

score : 22/25

Up flow – no containment


Underfloor with containment 1


DEsIgn 1 DEsIgn 2

DEsIgn 4

DEsIgn 3

DEsIgn 5

score : 19/25score : 20/25

score : 19/25 score : 19/25

mEDIum DaTa CEnTRE – DEsIgn 1


Note: Fresh air cooling or airside economising is at the foreground of data centre efficient design.



Note: Hot aisle containment may also be utilised where the cold air is delivered above the floor to an open cold aisle.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 22/25


3231







How it works :


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Green tip :

Caution :

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Caution :

Room 4 : mEDIum DaTa CEnTRE – DEsIgn 3


Cooling is provided by means of CRAC units located on the outside wall which deliver cold air via the floor void into a contained cold aisles.. Hot air is returned to the CRAC units via an open hot aisle.

This is suitable where a floor void of at least 450mm is available for the delivery of air to the cold aisles.


With containment in place supply and return air temperatures can be increased with a resultant increase in the co-efficiency of performance of the CRAC units


Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 19/25


3433

Note: Ensure that the cold aisles are not over-pressurised. This is achieved by specifying CRAC units with EC motors and installing pressure sen-sors in the cold aisles.

Cold air is delivered through the floor void into a contained cold aisle.

Hot air is returned to the CRAC units through an open hot aisle.

Cold aisle containment guarantees adequate air delivered at the correct temperature, volume and and made available at any point in the cold aisle.


Room 4 : mEDIum DaTa CEnTRE – DEsIgn 2

Upflow units with hot aisle containment.

Note: When installing hot aisle containment it is preferable to use a ceiling plenum to return the air to the CRAC unit. Fixed ductwork may also be used.

Cold air is delivered through the floor void into an open cold aisle and hot air is returned through the ceiling plenum back to the CRAC units.

When the hot aisle is containment the remiander of the room becomes an open cold aisle. This in-creases the amount of available cold air during cooling system failure.

Cooling is provided by means of CRAC units located on the outside wall which deliver cold air via the floor void into the open cold aisles.. Hot air is returned to the CRAC units through a contained hot aisle via the ceiling void.

This design works with a floor void of 450mm or without a floor void where the air is dumped into the open data centre above floor level. A ceiling or common duct is required to return the hot air to the CRAC units


By increasing the supply air temperature up to 26 degrees Celsius, the server ex-haust temperature will increase and so will the cooling efficiency.

Hot aisle containment should be built using very strong materials as the air veloc-ity in the hot aisles will be significant.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 20/25



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Room 4 : Room 4 :mEDIum DaTa CEnTRE – DEsIgn 4

Upflow units ducted with no containment.

Note: If containment of the cold aisle is not used then it is necessary to duct the cold air to the cold aisle.

Cold air is delivered through an overhead duct system into an open cold aisle.

Cooling is provided by means of CRAC units located on the outside wall which deliver cold air via an overhead ducted system to an open cold aisles. Hot air is returned above the floor to the air intake at the front face of the CRAC units.

This design works where no floor void is available and there is at least 700mm between the tops of the racks and the ceiling slab.


Contain either the cold or hot aisles and increase the supply air temperature.

Care should be taken during the installation of ductwork. Light weight ductwork is available and is be easily installed with reduced risk.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 19/25


mEDIum DaTa CEnTRE – DEsIgn 5


Cooling is provided by means of CRAC units located on the outside wall which deliver cold air overhead into a contained cold aisle. Hot air is returned above the floor to the air intake at the front face of the CRAC units.

This design works where no floor void is available and there is a ceiling space of 450mm depth

Redundancy is provided by the installation of one additional CRAC units.

Raise temperatures to achieve maximum efficiency at the CRAC unit.


Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 19/25


3635

The hot air is returned to the CRAC intake which is located at the front of the units.

Cold air is delivered through the open ceiling ple-num into a contained cold aisle.

Hot air is returned above the floor to the air in-take at the front face of the CRAC units

Note: Hot aisle containment does not work with overhead air distribution.


Room 4 : mEDIum DaTa CEnTRE analysIs Room 5 : THE laRgE DaTa CEnTREThis room is a large-sized data centre and is capable of housing up to 32 racks each with a load of 6KW and two connectivity racks with a load of 3KW. The remaining four racks are designed for patching and can deliver 2KW. All IT racks are 600mm x 1,000mm while the connectivity racks are 800mm x 1,000mm. Distribution boards, UPS units and batter-ies shall be housed in adjoining rooms and are not considered in this design.

Room description

Rack load

Cooling solution

Room dimensions

Temperature control

Fire rating

This room is a large-sized data centre and typically found in mid to large organisa-tions. It consists of up to 32 racks within an enclosed and dedicated room.

This room is designed for 32 x 6KW, 2 x 3KW and 4 x 2KW giving an overall room load of 206KW


The minimum room dimensions are 10,800mm x 10,200mm.

Temperature should be measured at the server intake and set at 22 degrees Celsius. If containment is installed this temperature can be raised to 26 degrees Celsius.

The recommended fire rating for a room of this nature is 2 hours.

3837




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Room 5 :Room 5 : THE laRgE DaTa CEnTRE

Fresh air with containment

score : 22/25

Over head ducted with no containment

Underfloor with rack chimneys

Underfloor with cold containment

1

Over head with hot containment

DEsIgn 1 DEsIgn 2

DEsIgn 4

DEsIgn 3

DEsIgn 5

score : 19/25score : 19/25

score : 16/25 score : 15/25

laRgE DaTa CEnTRE – DEsIgn 1

Fresh air cooling with containment.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 22/25

4039

Note: Fresh air cooling or airside economising is at the foreground of data centre efficient design.



Note: Hot aisle containment may also be utilised where the cold air is delivered above the floor to an open cold aisle.







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Room 5 :Room 5 : laRgE DaTa CEnTRE – DEsIgn 2


Cooling is provided by means of CRAC units located on the perimeter walls which deliver cold air via the floor void into contained cold aisles. Hot air is returned to the CRAC units via an open hot aisle.

This is suitable where a floor void of at least 600mm is avail for the delivery of air to the cold aisles. Cold aisle containment allows for a more efficient and reliable design.


Increase the supply air temperature up to 26 degrees Celsius to get a high server exhaust temperature back to the CRAC units.

Do not over pressurise the cold aisle.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 19/25


laRgE DaTa CEnTRE – DEsIgn 3

Upflow units with cold aisle containment.

Cooling is provided by means of CRAC units located on the perimeter walls which deliver cold air via the ceiling void into contained cold aisles. Hot air is returned above the floor to the air intake at the front face of the CRAC units.

This design works with a floor void of 600mm or without a floor void where the air is dumped into the open data centre above floor level. A ceiling or ductowrk system is required to return the air to the CRAC units.

Redundancy is provided by the installation of one additional CRAC unit>

By increasing the supply air temperature up to 26 degrees Celsius, the server ex-haust temperature will increase as will the cooling efficiency.

Hot aisle containment should be constructed using very strong materials as the air velocity in the hot aisles will be significant.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 19/25


4241

Note: Ensure that the cold aisles are not over pressurised, this is achieved by specifying CRAC units with EC motors and installing pressure sen-sors in the aisles.

Cold air is delivered through the floor void into a contained cold aisle.

Hot exhaust air is returned to the CRAC units through an open hot aisle.

Note: Cold aisle containment ensures adequate air at the correct temperature which can be made available at any point in the cold aisle.

Cold air is delivered through the floor void into an open cold aisle and

Hot air is returned through the open floor area back to the air intake at the front face of the CRAC units.


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Room 5 : laRgE DaTa CEnTRE – DEsIgn 5

Over-head air delivery through a ducted system with no containment.

Cooling is provided by means of CRAC units located on the perimeter walls which deliver cold air via an overhead ducted system to open cold aisles. Hot air is re-turned above then floor to the air intake at the front face of the CRAC units.

This design works where no floor void is available and there is at least 700mm between the tops of the racks and the ceiling slab. There are two separate choices for air delivery. Open ceiling plus containment or ducted and no containment.


Contain either the cold or hot aisles and increase the supply air temperature.

Care should be taken during the installation of ductwork. Light weight ductwork is available and be easily installed with reduced risk.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 15/25


4443

Note: If containment of the cold aisle is not used then it is necessary to duct the cold air to the cold aisle.

Cold air is delivered through an overhead duct system into an open cold aisle.

Note : The hot and cold aisles are open which gives rise to recirculation and short circuiting of the hot exhaust air.

The hot air is returned to the air intake which is located at the front of the CRAC units.

Room 5 : laRgE DaTa CEnTRE – DEsIgn 4

Chimney racks with underfloor air delivery and ceiling return.

Cooling is provided by means of CRAC units located on the perimeter walls which deliver cold air via the floor into the bottom of the chimney racks where it is diverted to server in-take. The hot exhaust air returns to the CRAC through the ceiling void via a rack chimney.

This solution requires a minimum ceiling and ceiling void of 700mm and enough space to accommodate racks which are 1,200mm deep. It does not suit retrofits as the cost of supplying and installing these racks is prohibitive .


This design creates a hot aisle containment system which offers higher return temperatures and a resulting energy reduction.

These racks are difficult to accomodate in existing data centres because of their 1,200mm depth.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 16/25


Hot air is diverted to the ceiling via a rear rack chimney. The chimney is supplied as part of the rack system.

Cold air is delivered through the floor void into the bottom of the racks. From here it is diverted to the front of the racks where it is taken in by the servers.

Note: Chimney racks are difficult and expensive to install in retrofit projects.


Room 5 : laRgE DaTa CEnTRE analysIs Room 6 : THE HIgH DEnsITy DaTa CEnTREThis room is designed to deliver 400KW of IT power in 40 racks, giving 10KW per rack. The goal is to achieve this in the least space possible and at the highest energy efficiency.

Room description

Rack load

Cooling solution

Room dimensions

Temperature control

Fire rating

This room is a high density data centre and is typically found in Universities and other organisations with large IT processing need.

This room is design ed for 10KW per rack giving an overall room load of 400KW

We shall consider a range of special high density solutions

The minimum room dimensions are 11,300mm x 11,000mm

Temperature should be measured at the server intake and set at 22 degC. If contain-ment is installed this temperature can be raised to 26 degC.

The recommended fire rating for a room of this nature is 2 hours.

4645




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Room 6 :Room 6 : THE HIgH DEnsITy DaTa CEnTRE

Fresh air with containment

score : 22/25

Up flow – no containment




DEsIgn 1 DEsIgn 2

DEsIgn 4

DEsIgn 3

DEsIgn 5

score : 19/25score : 18/25

score : 19/25 score : 18/25

HIgH DEnsITy DC – DEsIgn 1

Fresh air cooling with hot aisle containment.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 22/25


4847

Comments : Fresh air cooling or airside economis-ing is at the foreground of data centre efficient design.


The cold air is supplied into the floor void and delivered into an open cold aisle.

The hot air is returned through a contained hot air into the ceiling and back to the CRAC units







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Room 6 : HIgH DEnsITy DC – DEsIgn 3

In-Row cooling with cold aisle containment.

Cooling is provided by In-Row cooling units which take the hot air form the open hot aisle and deliver it at the required temperature into a contained cold aisle. The hot air is expelled into an open hot ailse and returned to the In-Row cooling.

This design is suitable for high density data centres where a raised floor is not available.

Redundancy is provided by the installation of additional In-Row cooling units in each row of racks.

This design is efficient as it involves a very short air circuit.

Supplimental cooling is necessary to keep the general room temperature within design parameters.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 19/25


5049

Cold air is supplied by in row cooling units which take air from the open hot aisle , and deliver it at the required temperature into the contained cold aisle

The hot aisles should be cooled with supplemen-tary cooling in the form of additional perimeter CRAC units.


In row cooling with hot aisle containment.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 19/25


Cold air is supplied by in row cooling units which take air from the closed hot aisle , cool it and de-liver it into the open cold aisle

The hot aisles temperatures can be kept high en-suring a higher level of cooling unit efficiency.

Cooling is provided by In-Row cooling units which take the hot air form the closed hot aisle and deliver it at the required temperature into an open cold aisle.


Redundancy is provided by the installation of additional In-Row cooling units in each row of racks.

This design is very efficient as the hot aisle is kept at a very high temperature ensuring the In-Row cooling unites operate at the highest coefficiency of perfor-mance possible.

The hot ailse needs to be accurately monitored to ensure overheating do not become a possability.


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Overhead XDV cooling units.

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 18/25


5251

Cold air is supplied by overhead cooling units which take air from the open hot aisle, cool it and deliver it at the optimum temperature into the open cold aisle

As the hot aisles are open, hot air is free to circu-late throughout the data centre. The use of con-tainment prevents recirculation from occuring.

Subsidiary room cooling in the form of CRAC units are required.

Cooling is provided by overhead cooling units which take the hot air form the open hot aisle and deliver cold air into an open cold aisle.


Redundancy is provided by the installation of additional overhead cooling units in each row of racks.

This design is efficient as it involves a very short air circuit.

Supplimental cooling is necessary to keep the general room temperature within design parameters.


Downflow units and chimney racks.

The cooling is provided by means of CRAC units located on the perimeter walls which deliver cold air via the floor void into an open cold aisle. Hot air is returned to the CRAC units via the hot aisle containment which is created by the chimney.

This is suitable where a floor void of at least1,000mm is available for the delivery of air to the cold aisles.


Increase the supply air temperature up to 26degC to get a high server exhaust temperature back to the CRAC units and a resultant reduction in energy usage.

Make sure the floor depth is adequate and free from obstructions

Capex

Opex

E f f i c i e n c y

Reliability

Performance

SCORE 18/25


The cold air is supplied by perimeter CRAC units into the floor void and from there into the open cold aisle.

The hot air is returned through chimney at the rear of the racks into the ceiling plenum where it returns to the CRAC units


Room 6 : HIgH DEnsITy DaTa CEnTRE analysIs

53 55

Option 1: Data Centre WorkshopA tailored workshop delivered at the customers site to identify the customers needs, assess the current condition of the data centre and provide a written report which will identify the available the options, costs and risks of the cus-tomers project. Book now and have your tailored workshop delivered at you site within 7 days.

Data centre design services

Option 2 : Data Centre RFP packageThis option is aimed a customers who require a high density solution and wish to have a new data centre designed, built, and maintained by a single contrac-tor. We will deliver a tailored workshop and develop a RFP (Request for Propos-al) document which may be issued for tender. At the request of the client we can also offer project management and commissioning services.

Option 3 : Full Data Centre Design and ManagementWe offer a complete data centre design service aimed at customer who wish to upgrade or expand an existing data centre or construct a new data centre space. The service is divided into 5 stages as follows, initial workshop, data cen-tre design, tendering, construction management and final commisioning.




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30 Data Centre Cooling Templates Vincent Byrne Consulting