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U-PassDon't miss your bus referendum this fall

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Aramark RenovationsCompletion expected this fall: UMSU businesses to pick up the slack

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Gallery of Student ArtGallery coordinator position cut

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Index VOL. 101 NO. 33September 3, 20142

A “volunteer staff” member is defined as a person who has had three volunteer articles, photographs, or pieces of art of reasonable length and/or substance published in three different issues of the current publishing year of the Manitoban. Any individual who qualifies must be voted in by a majority vote at a Manitoban staff meeting. Elected representatives and non-students may be excluded from holding votes as volunteer staff members in accordance with the Manitoban Consti-tution.The Manitoban is the official student newspaper of the University of Manitoba. It is published monthly during the summer and each week of regular classes during the academic year by the Manitoban Newspa-per Publications Corporation.The Manitoban is an independent and democratic student organiza-tion, open to participation from all students. It exists to serve its readers as students and citizens.The newspaper’s primary mandate is to report fairly and objectively on issues and events of importance and interest to the students of the University of Manitoba, to provide an open forum for the free expres-sion and exchange of opinions and ideas, and to stimulate meaningful debate on issues that affect or would otherwise be of interest to the student body and/or society in general. The Manitoban serves as a training ground for students interested in any aspect of journalism.Students and other interested parties are invited to contribute to any section of the newspaper. Please contact the appropriate editor for sub-mission guidelines. The Manitoban reserves the right to edit all submis-sions and will not publish any material deemed by its editorial board to be discriminatory, racist, sexist, homophobic or libellous. Opinions ex-pressed in letters and articles are solely those of the authors. Editorials in the Manitoban are signed and represent the opinions of the writer(s), not necessarily those of the Manitoban staff, Editorial Board, or the publisher.All contents are ©2014 and may not be reprinted without the express written permission of the Editor-in-Chief.Yearly subscriptions to the Manitoban are available for $40.

VOLUNTEER CONTRIBUTORSZach FleisherDavid GradJeremiah YarmieLauren SiddallMichael CarlisleJesse Riley

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Dead, infected, expected to be infected, and treatment news.

page 8

page 12

page 10

page 19

Civic Election

Outwords celebrates 20 years

The evolving fight against Ebola

Doping consequences

Same old issues. Same old answers. Policing and public transit top the list.

GLBT magazine grows from black and white to colorful and glossy through decades of progress.

Steroid infraction policies lack muscle.

COMMENT

ARTS & CULTURE

SCIENCE

SPORTS

3 NewsSenior News Editor: Dana HatherlyNews Editor: Craig AdolpheContact: news@themanitoban.com / 474.6770

Gallery of Student Art hit hard by cutbacksBudget cuts to UMSU student services leaves future of GoSA uncertain

DANA HATHERLY

Artists and students (financially burdened or otherwise) are

among those most impacted by the UMSU executive’s decisions to cut financial support for the Gallery of Student Art and other UMSU stu-dent services.

Co-ordinator of the Gallery of Student Art (GoSA) Kira Koop told the Manitoban last month that she was advised her position was being terminated due to budget cuts implemented by the current UMSU executive.

Initially, there was confusion among University of Manitoba stu-dents and artists about the impending future of GoSA. Numerous students voiced concerns over the rumoured closing of the gallery.

Tom Ingram, fourth-year music student and former staff member of the Manitoban, worries about the future of GoSA.

As an ally to the visual arts, Ingram is concerned that university should be more focused on music, drama, and creative arts in its vari-ous forms.

“Many people often come to the university setting without an expo-sure to [the arts],” said Ingram. “The gallery provides one little hold out of culture on campus.

“It is crucial for students to develop confidence, get first-time exposure, and establish a fine arts presence on campus,” said Shaylyn Plett, a fourth-year student in the faculty of fine arts.

Cliff Eyland, associate professor of painting at the School of Art, said his students have used the venue.

“GoSA’s exclusive focus on student art—and not only that, its inclusion of work by non-artists who are stu-dents—makes it unique in Winnipeg. There is no place like it.”

In regards to the alleged closure of GoSA, UMSU executive members have tried to clarify the decision to the student body via email and on the GoSA Facebook page.

“GoSA will not be closing in the 2014-2015 school year,” reads a post on the GoSA Facebook page.

With Koop’s co-ordinator posi-tion having been dissolved, manage-ment and maintenance of the gallery remains unclear.

According to Daria Lukie, UMSU

vice-president student services, the decision to cut funding to the GoSA was made “due to a flawed endow-ment fund which is rapidly losing money.”

The endowment fund is linked to a source that should never run dry – money from each student that generates interest and becomes the operating budget for GoSA.

UMSU vice-president internal Jeremiah Kopp said it is the nature of UMSU to want to fund many student ventures, but expressed concerns that there are no long-term consequences for unruly spending.

The Board of Trustees is working to address an outdated endowment fund by opening up a tendering pro-cess for how the funds are managed and developing a policy manual for more effective and accountable governance.

The UMSU executive maintains that the funding was unsustainable, and that the cutbacks to operation costs and services were inevitable in order to financially rebuild and fund more sustainable options.

Other programs and services linked to the endowment fund impacted by cutbacks include the hardship fund (provides assistance to students in the face of a crisis), UMSU Living (has amalgamated with Answers), Bison Patrol, and travel grants and awards.

Some students blamed the deci-sion made by UMSU on a perceived devaluation of the arts on and off campus.

Ingram said his biggest concerns were about the UMSU executive’s priorities. He questioned how there was no room in the budget to support a position that manages a “hole-in-the-wall that actually accomplishes great things throughout the year.”

Ingram also said he wondered how UMSU was unable to maintain the low operating costs of the gallery, but were able to find the means to host the costly, short-lived Frosh Festival experience with big names like Tiesto.

Kopp told the Manitoban that the UMSU executive is supportive of the arts, and recognized the importance of GoSA for celebrating diversity and providing a holistic student experience.

Kopp maintained that students using the gallery are capable of man-aging their own exhibits.

“Students should be able to hang their stuff and curate their stuff themselves,” said Kopp.

“We’re not talking about rocket science here. If you’ve got paintings, it’s about putting a nail in the wall and securing the nail so you can hang them [ . . . ] It’s not a complicated process.”

The person occupying the role of UMSU service co-ordinator will co-ordinate exhibitions. Students and artists will be in charge of facilitating their own exhibits .

In reference to the loss of the gal-lery co-ordinator position, Ingram said that people frequently misun-derstand the arts and undermine the amount of work that goes into them.

Eyland added, “If the UMSU ser-vice co-ordinator has a background or experience in art, then it could work.”

“How could someone with no experience in art run that space? Why would you want someone who is unqualified to run it?”

The budget for GoSA last year was $12,000. The co-ordinator was paid on a salary basis at 13 hours per week for a total of approximately $9,000 per year. The Gallery of Student Art’s money was allocated to this salary, gallery and artist promotions, vinyl for labelling exhibits, supplies, and an additional $40 for the opening recep-tion of each exhibit.

The new budget for GoSA is $3,000.

Kopp stated in an email to stu-

dents that cutbacks to the student gallery are the result of tough deci-sion-making and prioritizing on behalf of UMSU .

In the long term, UMSU hopes reconfiguring the endowment fund will provide opportunities for future investments to be managed in a way that permits capital to generate, which can in turn be reinvested in services like GoSA.

For now, UMSU executive mem-bers Kopp and Lukie insist GoSA will continue to function for the 2014-15 academic year.

“The future of student art is bright on campus,” said Kopp. “How that looks in terms of space is an evolving discussion. This is a rebuilding period for our students’ association and there are few certainties in terms of space allocation.”

Kopp mentioned the university is in the process of undergoing various infrastructural changes and space audits.

The question of whether GoSA will remain in its University Centre (UC) space for following years depends on remaining competitive with Aramark and remodelling plans of various UMSU services and other changes on the UC first floor. There are no immediate plans to change the space, but analysis is being done to determine if the space could be better utilized.

Presently, the gallery is mandated to be used on a student-only basis with no direct cost to students, and to serve as a resource for students. The purpose of GoSA’s current space is to showcase the work of students and student groups on campus, including service centres.

According to former GoSA coor-dinator Kira Koop, it is the only cost-free space of its kind in the city.

The UMSU executive has con-firmed that the gallery space in University Centre will continue to be available to students on the same cost-free, student-only basis.

The position of gallery co-ordina-tor, cut last month, was responsible for various duties involved with main-taining the space as curator, facilitator, public relations and communications worker.

Kira Koop estimated that she

solicited 65 per cent of artists, and 35 per cent of participation was artist-initiated.

“My job was not only to facili-tate, but to teach,” said Koop, as she explained that she worked with art-ists to show them how to prepare and showcase their work.

She stressed that the position of gallery co-ordinator should not be undermined – that it was integral to maintaining both functional and creative art displays.

“[Now], the students will be responsible for facilitating their dis-play while the service co-ordinator position at UMSU will assume responsibility for the co-ordination of exhibits,” explained Kopp.

Rumours of GoSA’s closure resulted in the initial misinforma-tion and confusion among students, especially artists who made use of the space.

“People were really upset, but there was positive reception in response to [do something about] it. People expressed how important it was and that they would be interested in fun-draising [to maintain the operating costs of the gallery],” said Koop.

UMSU executive members told inquiring students that fundraising was not an option.

“Fundraising activities would be just for the co-ordinator salary, and it’s a bit disingenuous to have a staff member raise money for the gallery and have it go only to themselves,” Kopp explained.

“We’re not talking about rocket science here. If you’ve got paintings, it’s about putting a nail in the wall and securing the nail so you can hang them” – Jeremiah Kopp, VP internal

PHOTO PROVIDED BY KIRA KOOP

PHOTO BY CAROLYNE KROEKER

News Senior News Editor: Dana Hatherly News Editor: Craig Adolphe Contact: news@themanitoban.com / 474.67704

Students to vote on U-Pass in 2014 fall referendumStudents will vote to determine U-Pass implementation at UMSU, UWSA, and UMGSA

DANA HATHERLY, STAFF

Members of UMSU and University of Winnipeg

Students’ Association (UWSA) will vote this upcoming fall term on the universal bus pass (U-Pass) that could give post-secondary students access to more affordable transportation at reduced rates starting in the fall 2015 term.

The first referendum occurred in March 2013.

At that time, former UMSU vice president advocacy during the time of the first referendum Jennifer Black stepped down from her execu-tive position in order to campaign in favour of the U-Pass as a student and not as a student representative.

“A universal bus pass works to advantage the most disadvantaged students on our campus and provides greater access to education,” Black explained. “The U-Pass is a service that UMSU would provide students, like a mandatory U-Pass [ . . .] where all students would buy into a bus pass that would go from Sept. – Apr., dra-matically lowering the cost of the pass for everybody.”

Zach Fleisher, Canadian Federation of Students Manitoba Chairperson, wrote in the Uniter:

“Through collective purchasing and a subsidy from the government, stu-dents are able to receive these passes at a cheaper rate.”

The UMSU website states that the process for achieving the U-Pass program involves students showing interest in the U-Pass, meeting with Winnipeg Transit, holding a student referendum to provide evidence of student support, meeting with the government and stakeholders, formal approval of the U-Pass agreement, and implementation of the program.

Two UMSU executives’ terms ago, the U-Pass received overwhelming support from the U of M student body, with 74 per cent of students indicating their support for the program. Over 7,015 votes were cast,

totaling 27 per cent of eligible voters, the highest voter turnout up to that point in 15 years.

This result meant that UMSU was given a mandate to negotiate a pass for $85 or less per semester.

Based on the process of nego-tiations, UMSU and UWSA execu-tives did not achieve the intended rate to fulfill this mandate. The original plan has undergone changes between UMSU, UWSA, the City of Winnipeg, and Winnipeg Transit.

According to Black, who was actively involved in negotiating with transit, her focus was to maintain a fair price for students and push for service improvements that would make public transit more accessible and efficient for students.

Current UMSU vice-president external Christian Pierce told the Manitoban that UWSA president Rorie Mcleod Arnould and he con-tinue to be involved in lobbying for the U-Pass .

Councillor Jenny Gerbasi and Mayor Sam Katz put forward a motion to include the U-Pass pro-posal in the City of Winnipeg oper-ating budget at a price point of $260 plus inflation. On Feb. 4, 2014, the motion to support the U-Pass in prin-ciple was passed by city council.

Due to cost changes since the ini-tial referendum, the memberships of UMSU and UWSA will vote in referendums this fall to determine whether students still support the U-Pass at the price point of $260 for the eight-month academic year.

Fleisher noted that these changes were “statistically justified” because the new price is comparable to what other university students pay in Edmonton ($245.84), Calgary ($234), and at Simon Fraser University ($304).

The newly proposed cost is still much cheaper than present rates for students. Monthly student bus passes currently cost $67.75, which totals $542 over the academic year.

With the U-Pass, students would pay $260 over the course of the school year, which equals $32.50 per month. This means a total savings of $282.

The University of Manitoba Graduate Students’ Association (UMGSA) held an informal poll among their student body that indi-cated 62 per cent support for the pass at the price of $260, with a 20 per cent turnout rate of its over 3,300 stu-dents across three major campuses in Winnipeg.

This was the basis of support for UMGSA president Laura Rempel to put forward the question of the U-Pass to the UMGSA executive.

The UMGSA has already been in contact with the City of Winnipeg and Winnipeg Transit. Rempel said they wrote a letter to Winnipeg Transit expressing their interest in being involved in U-Pass consulta-tion, and for their student members to be included in the calculations for the program, assuming a successful referendum.

The motion at city hall only included UMSU and UWSA , and UMGSA sought to be formally con-sidered in the calculation of students across the city that would receive the

benefits of the U-Pass. Awaiting for-mal approval regarding their letter of intent, Rempel said that using gradu-ate student numbers would “not make a big difference in executing the plan by Winnipeg Transit.”

Pierce added that the inclusion of UMGSA could potentially drive the price down.

At their last executive meeting, the UMGSA executive passed the motion.

Executive support was granted, and on Wednesday, Aug. 27, the exec-utive presented about the U-Pass to their council. Rempel said a vote was held, and the idea was well-supported.

The next steps for UMGSA in terms of negotiations on campus are to work with the elections commit-tee, hire a Chief Returning Officer (CRO), and collaborate with UMSU and UWSA to determine a referen-dum date.

Rempel stated UMGSA’s intent to work together with UMSU to develop a consistent referendum question to pose to students.

Neither UMSU nor UMGSA executives have taken an official stance on the U-Pass. Both are work-ing to inform the student body so that voters can make their own fully-informed decision upon hitting the polls this fall.

Rempel and UMSU vice-president internal Jeremiah Kopp informed the Manitoban that their mandates state that the executive must maintain a neutral stance. They would be required to step down from their executive positions if they chose to advocate for or against the U-Pass.

But the UWSA executive will be actively supporting the U-Pass because they believe it is in the best interest of students, according to Mcleod Arnould.

On Aug. 14, 2014 the U-Pass Coalition held a meeting at the U of M. The coalition consists of students and community members (including

representatives from the Manitoba Eco-Network and the Canadian Federation of Students-Manitoba) taking a two-pronged approach to achieving more affordable and accessible public transportation for students.

At that meeting, Kopp cautioned that, as far as the UMSU executive is concerned, any campaign or organi-zation external to UMSU operating on the U of M campus and advocating for the U-Pass would be shut down quickly, reiterating how important it was for UMSU to remain officially impartial to the plan.

The U-Pass referendum will adhere to strict UMSU election bylaws and policies accordingly. Kopp said that supplementary rule changes are underway that would solidify the executives’ emphasis on neutrality. These changes would be implemented prior to the campaign period and may impact the campaign environment.

He also pointed out achieving the U-Pass is a process of “negotiat-ing while advancing.” Raising the question of transportation issues is not just a student issue, and thus requires further negotiations with transit regarding providing subsidies for public transportation.

Mcleod Arnould explained that existing literature about the U-Pass is extensive and lays out a lot of the benefits, including environmental benefits to the city and the social benefits of having more transit users.

The U-Pass referendum date has been set for Oct. 27-29 at the U of W. The dates have not yet been confirmed at U of M. However, Pierce said that UMSU seeks to coordinate the voting period with UWSA.

“A universal bus pass works to advantage the most disadvantaged students on our campus and provides greater access to education” – Jennifer Black, former UMSU vice-president advocacy

PHOTO BY CAROLYNE KROEKER

NewsVOL. 101 NO. 33September 3, 2014 5

Renovations to several food service locations are underway

in University Centre (UC) as a new academic school year begins.

Changes are being made to some of the Aramark-managed food service establishments on campus, with select renovations expected to continue well into the fall semester. Establishments that are still open are expecting heavy traffic as students return to campus in large numbers.

A report from UMSU vice-president internal Jeremiah Kopp in UMSU Council’s July meeting minutes say the renovations came as a part of Aramark’s contract with the university, allowing them to continue serving as a campus food provider.

The University of Manitoba Dining Services (UMDS) website provides some details about the plan for renovations to the area, saying

“the [campus] food court in University Centre will receive a complete over-haul, featuring all new concepts which focus on culinary variety and speed of service. In addition to the concept changes, the seating [ . . . ] will be upgraded to a mixture of soft seating, new tables, and improved lighting.”

The website also features a mes-sage which reads, “Please bear with us during construction, as we bring an all new dining experience to campus this fall!”

The campus food court is cur-rently walled off and undergoing renovations, blocking off the numer-ous small food stations and seating blocked for faculty and students.

Additional renovations tak-ing place in UC for the fall of 2014 include taking the Tim Hortons, for-merly located on the first floor of UC, and amalgamating it with the Tim Hortons on the second floor, adding two new express coffee lines to the

second floor location.A new Starbucks is being con-

structed near the location of the for-mer Tim Hortons on the first floor.

Renovations occurring beyond UC for the fall include changing the Robin’s Donuts in Fletcher Argue to a self-serve Tim Hortons and the addition of a Starbucks in place of the former Food Services canteen in the Armes complex.

Renovations to the campus food court are expected to be completed in late 2014, according to the UMDS’s website.

The installation of a Starbucks on the first floor of UC is expected to be completed in September 2014.

In response to the investments by Aramark, the UMSU executive is laying out plans to help UMSU busi-nesses compete with the campus food court in the long term.

In his report from the UMSU Council’s July meeting, Kopp said that UMSU needs to counter efforts by Aramark to make the campus food

court area the place students want to eat.

“The plan for the third floor is to open up the business[es], make them more integrated, and create a streetscape,” said Kopp.

The report then highlights specif-ics, including plans to: install new carpeting and paint in Degrees, invest in new kitchen equipment for the Hub, remove the glass in the front of I.Q.’s, as well as replace Global Bubble Tea with a new sushi restau-rant called UMSushi.

UMSushi was a prominent cam-paign promise of the Refresh slate, who won last year’s UMSU election.

In the short-term, several UMSU businesses are preparing themselves for a particularly busy start to the school year.

Jack Jonasson, manager of the Hub, said that UMSU businesses are expecting a larger number of customers than normal at the start

Food services temporarily unavailableRenovations to food service locations underway in University Centre

CRAIG ADOLPHE, STAFF

“There’s 30,000 people, right? It’s a small town, just a couple places are not going to be able to really keep up with the demand. As much as I would probably love to do that it’s simply not possible” – Thomas Blumer

of the school year as a result of the renovations.

Jonasson said that in order to prepare for the rush they’ve hired staff, brought in kitchen equipment, and that they will be offering a more streamlined service for customers in order to meet increased demand.

Degrees manager Thomas Blumer also identified hiring more people as well as streamlining the menu as ways in which Degrees is preparing for the rush of new students.

“Also doing some production in terms of making more take-away food, which is like the sandwiches, the salads, the veggie and dip, spring rolls – all that kind of stuff [ . . . ] Grab-and-go items. Then we’re also going to be supplying that to I.Q.’s as well as down at G.P.A.’s,” Blumer said.

But Blumer voiced concern about the capacity of UMSU businesses to deal with the demands of such a large

portion of the campus population.“There’s 30,000 people, right? It’s

a small town, just a couple places are not going to be able to really keep up with the demand. As much as I would probably love to do that it’s simply not possible,” Blumer said.

Both managers suggested that despite the strain associated with providing service to so many more students, the temporary closure of the campus food court represents a great opportunity for UMSU businesses.

“Anytime we have a chance to put more people through the door, it’s a benefit for us. Obviously for the first couple of weeks we’re going to be still figuring out [ . . . ] how to do things with this kind of new reality, but we feel very confident that the product we’re going to put out is going to be great and that it’ll be a good experi-ence for students,” said Jonasson.

Buller Greenhouse opens to the publicNew greenhouse manager institutes open door policy

CRAIG ADOLPHE, STAFF

Carla Zelmer, the new manager of the Buller Greenhouse, has

created an open door policy for the facility.

In previous years the greenhouse had remained closed other than to the department of biological science’s faculty members. But in an effort to increase access and revitalize the space, Zelmer is welcoming the pub-lic to come in, visit, and occasionally take home plants.

In prior years plants and plant cuttings were given away at special events, typically once a year, but since taking over, Zelmer has increased the frequency of such occasions.

Steven Anderson, a volunteer at the Buller Greenhouse, is very excited with the changes he’s seen in the past year. Some of these changes include the greenhouse’s open door policy, improved plant management, and an increase in the number of plant

giveaways hosted by the greenhouse.“I think the biggest change is the

hiring of Carla Zelmer, the new greenhouse manager. She’s the one who’s put in all these changes,” said Anderson. “The place is looking so much better now that someone’s looking after [the plants].”

Anderson is happy to see the space rejuvenated.

“There’s always people in there now. Professors are always stopping in to

see what’s new. International students keep bringing in plants from where they’re from and they’re coming in just to remember what they all look like. There’s a lot of hustle and bustle and a lot more volunteers around.”

For students interested in volun-teering or visiting the greenhouse, Anderson suggests just stopping by during the greenhouse’s open hours, from 9 a.m. to 12 p.m., Monday to Friday.

There’s also a Facebook page, Friends of the Buller Greenhouse, where supporters and volunteers can find more information about green-house events and enjoy an assortment of photographs of plants from the greenhouse.

PHOTO BY CAROLYNE KROEKER

EditorialEditor-In-Chief:Bryce HoyeContact: Editor@themanitoban.com / 474.6770

Pages from the Past

In this instalment of Pages from the Past we offer some vintage, Feb. 16, 1934, Marshall McLuhan material.

In this instalment of Pages from the Past Nahannni Fontaine discusses the position of Aboriginal women within the broader conversation of violence towards women.

Sept. 27, 2000

8CommentComment Editor: Katerina TefftContact: comment@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

Issues to follow in the civic electionCrime, transit among important policies under contention this October

ZACH FLEISHER

If you’re like most Winnipeggers, then you haven’t spent an outra-

geous amount of time following the #wpg14 hashtag, otherwise known as the lead-up to the 2014 City of Winnipeg election.

Campaigns have been saturated with attacks emanating from hyper-partisan politicos, and a never-ending deluge of selfies and photographs from council candidates. There has even been some mention of policy from a wide-ranging gallery of candi-dates. At last count, nine individuals were vying for the mayor’s chair.

It is probable that most Winnipeggers won’t vote in this election; according to the City of Winnipeg, turnout since 2002 hasn’t topped 50 per cent, with 48 per cent of citizens casting their ballot the last time around. Since that time, the city has been rocked by scandal, from real estate audits to police headquarter relocation overruns.

With that in mind, I’d like to bring up three different issues to follow in the lead-up to the election.

Crime in WinnipegWinnipeg gets a bad rap for vio-

lent crime and is often referred to as the murder capital of Canada, which puts the city in a negative light. In the past few years, the city has tried to reform this perspective by investing a fair amount of money into the police service. Winnipeg runs and adminis-trates its own police force, which has taken steps to improve these often startling numbers.

Along with the $3.5 million pur-chase of a police helicopter, which, according to the police service, flew an average of 43.1 hours a month in 2012, the police have seen a signifi-cant increase in funds. The police response operating expenses are $27 million greater in the 2014 prelimi-nary budget than in 2012.

Since that time, the 2013 crime stats show that the city is getting seemingly safer, with a 13 per cent drop in violent crime, combined with a 17 per cent fall in property-related crimes. Candidates have proposed a variety of ideas, ranging from the expansion of a block-by-block strat-egy, to flying drones, to additional support and surveillance by the police.

However, in light of recent announcements around new potential policing strategies, no major candi-dates have come forward moving to combat the root causes of crime in our city. Colonialism, racism, and poverty all lead to marginalization in our society – certainly not an easy topic to tackle in the age of Twitter and 30-second news sound bites.

Keep an eye out for any candi-dates speaking to the true root causes, rather than focusing on a tough-on-crime approach that simply seeks to

increase police on the ground and eyes in the sky.

The transit systemSince the 1950s, Winnipeg has

consistently grappled with the need for a rapid transit system. We’ve discussed the potential for subways, monorails, and light rail. From all of this, a shattered consensus formed to advocate for a southwest transit way that would connect the downtown to the University of Manitoba Fort Garry campus.

Beginning in the late 2000s, after

initially cancelling the program, Mayor Sam Katz emerged as some-what of a champion of a bus rapid transit system, which has been par-tially constructed as a busway leading up to Pembina and Jubilee. Delays have led to the overall projected cost of finishing the project now rising to an estimated $590 million. Of that amount, the city would be on the hook for only $225 million, with the senior levels of government moving forward to cover the cost.

Despite the initial burst of hope, that the city might be able to fin-ish a project that had been on the docket since the 1970s, it seems that the future of Winnipeg’s rapid tran-sit is anything but a sure bet. Calls for a referendum on the continued construction of the leg have left the project with a weak level of public support. Combined with mayoral candidate Gord Steeves’ proposal to kill the plan entirely, it is quite possible that Winnipeg will continue to be the only Canadian city of our size without a functional rapid transit system.

As of this writing, no candidates

for the mayoral office have presented the public with any form of a realistic or feasible plan to either finish the existing route or continue to expand the rapid transit network.

New faces in old spaces Finally, another aspect of the

municipal election to watch is the sheer number of new faces popping up as candidates in this October’s race. Winnipeg is notable in that an incumbent mayor has not been defeated in a re-election bid since the 1950s. With Mayor Katz announc-ing in June that he would not seek re-election for a third term, the door was suddenly wide open, with may-oral contenders like Judy Wasylycia-Leis, Brian Bowman, Gord Steeves, Paula Havixbeck, and Robert-Falcon Ouellette putting their names forward.

While the mayoral race has gar-nered the vast majority of media attention, it is important to recognize that the mayor only has a single vote on council.

The number of open council seats and competitive races is also an

intriguing aspect of the civic elec-tion. Like Katz, we have seen many prominent council members such as Dan Vandal (St. Boniface), Scott Fielding (St. James), Paula Havixbeck (Tuxedo-Charleswood), and Justin Swandel (St. Norbert) choose not to file for re-election in their ridings.

In addition to these wide open races, the city will likely see vig-orous competition in the Daniel McIntyre ward, where challengers Cindy Gilroy-Price, Keith Bellamy, and John Cardoso are taking on the incumbent Harvey Smith. In Old Kildonan, incumbent Devi Sharma faces a tough challenge from school trustee Suzanne Hrynyk.

Of course, the names mentioned above only constitute a small number of the numerous candidates putting their name forward on Oct. 22. Watch for forums, new ideas, and chances to meet candidates to increase as the leaves begin to fall. As citizens, this is our chance to engage with those seeking to represent us.

While the mayoral race has garnered the vast majority of media attention, it is important to recognize that the mayor only has a single vote on council

GRAPHIC BY BRAM KEAST

10Science & technologyScience & Technology Editor: Bailey Rankine Contact: science@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

Ebola and ZMapp questions answeredAll you need to know about monoclonal antibody therapy

BAILEY RANKINE, STAFF

The recent Ebola outbreak in West Africa has placed pressure

on pharmaceutical labs worldwide to develop a treatment for those infected and to prevent the spread of the virus.

On July 31, a highly experimental drug in its earliest stages of devel-opment was administered to two American patients, Kent Brantly and Nancy Writebol, at Emory University Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia.

The two recipients of the unap-proved drug, ZMapp, were Christian aid workers who had been providing medical assistance in West Africa. They contracted the virus through contact with the bodily fluids of patients under their care.

How the virus worksEbola enters the body through

mucous membranes or breaks in the skin. Unlike humans, whose genetic information is stored in their DNA, Ebola’s is stored in the RNA of the virus and instructs it to replicate in invaded cells.

Ebola is an enveloped virus, which means it carries a specific protien that allows for the virus to easily move in and out of cells.

Once inside the cell, the virus injects its RNA, which takes over regular cellular function – ultimately transforming it into an Ebola virus factory. The virions are secreted from the cell and join the attack on the immune system.

As the virus gains an upper hand over the immune system, the virus turns its assault on connective tis-sues, epithelial cells, neurological cells and the interior cells of blood vessels resulting in internal bleeding, tissue damage, and organ failure.

Immune system function and treatment therapy

The exper imenta l drug ZMapp, manufactured by Mapp Biopharmaceutical Inc. based in San Diego, is a serum comprised of three laboratory-made antibodies – two of which were developed at the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg.

The Winnipeg team was led by Gary Kobinger, head of special path-ogens at the laboratory and adjunct professor in the department of medi-cal microbiology and infectious dis-eases at the University of Manitoba.

Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins produced by the immune system in response to germs or viruses. These foreign invaders are also known as antigens. The antibodies produced have binding sites that latch on to the attacking antigen.

So how does this work specific to Ebola? How does ZMapp step in for a compromised immune system?

The group of antibodies utilized in ZMapp are known as monoclonal. This means that they are specifically designed to target only one antigen

– in this case, the Ebola virus. The monoclonal antibodies are

first developed in mice injected with Ebola. The antibody-producing cells

are fused together with cancer cells to produce a cell that continues to divide, making only one type of antibody: clones.

Three antibodies harvested after this process were identified to have binding sites that bound to Ebola.

Mass-producing clones

Before these antibodies can be administered to humans they must first undergo a process known as humanization in order to make them compatible with our immune system.

“The antibodies are humanized using molecular engineering tech-niques,” explained Sam Kung, asso-ciate professor in the department of immunology at the U of M.

Simply put, this process entails replacing some of the mouse antibody protein components with human proteins.

The next step is mass production. This is where “Big Tobacco” does something laudable.

Kentucky BioProcessing, a sub-sidiary of Reynolds American (the second-largest tobacco company in the United States), applied their posi-tion as a worldwide leader in plant protein expression, extraction, and purification to amplify the produc-tion of ZMapp.

The tobacco plants used are a rel-ative of the kind used in cigarettes. They are selected for biotech appli-cations because their biology is well-known, they are low maintenance, and they grow rapidly.

A piece of DNA from the mono-clonal antibodies is taken and inserted into the tobacco plants. These plants produce the mouse/human anti-Ebola antibodies just like they would make any other protein.

“Big Tobacco” does something commendable

The resulting treatment was tested through the laboratory animal hier-archy, from mice to primates, before it was administered to Brantly and Writebol.

1,500+ and countingAs of Aug. 26, the United States

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that the death toll from the Ebola outbreak has reached 1,552, while 3,062 have suc-

cumbed to infection. The World Health Organization warns that cases of the Ebola virus could exceed 20,000 as the disease spreads across West Africa.

The effectiveness of ZMapp is still uncertain. The race to develop a vaccine to prevent the spread is still underway, and will be the next breakthrough in the control of Ebola outbreak.

The United States Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention stresses that, “the most effective way to stop the current Ebola outbreak in West Africa is meticulous work in finding Ebola cases, isolating and caring for those patients, and tracing contacts to stop the chains of trans-mission [ . . . ] and having health-care workers strictly follow infection control in hospitals.”

GRAPHICS BY SCOTT FORD

Science & TechnologyVOL. 101 NO. 33September 3, 2014 11

If a wheel is placed in the wild, will the mice run?An investigation of wheel running as a captive behaviour in lab mice

JEREMIAH YARMIE

When a mouse is placed in a cage with a wheel, why does

it choose to run? Does the mouse enjoy running,

and do so unconditionally? Or is this running a habituated or stereotyped activity that it develops in captivity? Does the mouse run because there is simply nothing better to do? Are they just curious by nature?

The inquisitive nature of scientists inevitably drove a few to investigate these questions by placing running wheels out in the wild.

Johanna H. Meijer and Yuri Robbers, two neurophysiologists from the Netherlands, carried out a field study like no other. The group placed running wheels in two loca-tions inhabited by feral mice—a green urban area and a remote dune area—and recorded the activity at these wheel sites for over three years.

The running wheels had diameters of 24 cm and were placed in a cage-like apparatus with a food tray. The apparatus was designed to allow for the easy entry of animals up to the

size of a rat. According to Meijer and Robbers’

report, “Wheel running in the wild,” published by Proceedings of the Royal Society B, animal visits were recorded by a camera equipped with night vision. A passive infrared motion detector allowed the camera to capture every animal visit to the site. Infrared light, which is invisible to mice and does not interfere with motion detec-tion, was used for visibility at night.

Over the three-year period, the sites recorded more than 200,000 animal visits. From the recordings, 12,000 video fragments in which wheel move-ment was observed were analyzed. This wheel motion was detected using a magnet on the wheel and a magnosen-sor, which detected the magnet as it passed on each revolution. Cases where wheel motion was caused by external animal action were excluded.

In the first two years of the experi-ment, mice accounted for about 72 per cent of urban animal site visits and about 91 per cent of visits to the dune site.

“When I saw the first mice, I was extremely happy,” said Meijer at the Leiden University Medical Center. “I had to laugh about the results, but at the same time, I take it very seriously. It’s funny, and it’s important at the same time.”

Shrews, rats, slugs, snails, and frogs also caused wheel movement. Snail movement, however, was not directional, and was not included in the analysis.

The frogs bounded and the mice ran. In fact, the mice only ever ran; they were never observed walking slowly within the wheel. The mice ran for more than one minute in 20 per cent of the cases, with the longest single bout of mouse running being 18 minutes.

Meijer told the New York Times that Konrad Lorenz—who studied ani-mal behaviour and is viewed as one of the “founders of modern ethology”—once wrote in a letter that some of his caged rats had run away, only to later

“return to his garden to use the run-ning wheels placed there.” However,

this was just a sentence in passing, and voluntary wheel running had not yet been tested.

According to Meijer and Robbers’ report, some animals seemed to have unintentionally used the wheel, but most mice, along with some shrews, rats, and frogs, were seen to leave the wheel and re-enter it within minutes, which is indicative of voluntary and intentional behaviour.

To study voluntary wheel running without external reward or incen-tive, the group stopped providing food at the urban site for more than a year. The number of visits to the site decreased; however, the amount of wheel running, expressed as a frac-tion of total site visits, increased by 42 per cent. This indicates that the pres-ence of an external reward was not a major influence on the wheel running of mice.

Although the mice ran without an external reward, they may be experi-encing an underlying intrinsic reward, an internal gratification for wheel run-ning. The results of the experiment

find that it does not entirely fit to define wheel running as a stereotypy, a behaviour found only in captive animals.

Despite the fact that wheel running fits the stereotypy criteria of being invariant, repetitive, and absent of goal and function, wheel running is reactive to external stimuli and occurs outside of captivity, confirming that there is more to wheel running than being a cure to boredom.

Feral mice like running; they find it enjoyable and rewarding, and vol-untarily engage in it. Exercise helps protect against several diseases and disorders, and has been shown to stimulate neurogenesis, the forma-tion of new neurons, in mice.

It’s possible that wheel running triggers physiological benefits – or maybe mice, like some humans, sim-ply exercise because it feels good.

The article itself is open access, and is available, along with supplemental videos of wheel running, at Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

12Arts & CultureArts & Culture Editor: Katy MacKinnonContact: arts@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

This year marks a milestone for Outwords; the magazine

is celebrating 20 years of “queer views, news, and issues.” The shiny, monthly magazine has come a long way over the past 20 years, and will be celebrated next week at a birth-day party at Fame Nightclub.

Outwords: a brief history In the fall of 1994, a small group

of men and women founded Swerve magazine (the name changed to Outwords in 2007) and printed the first issue on low-quality paper in mostly black and white. The format was a mixture between a tabloid and a newspaper.

“It was raw,” says Rachel Morgan, member of the Outwords Board of Directors. Morgan has been involved with the magazine for about eight years.

“They wanted to be able to reflect the community at the time, and if you cast your mind back to 1994, it was a time when the laws did not allow for equal marriage, and equal rights, etc; AIDS was a big deal, and discrimination was quite rampant,” says Morgan.

The original Outwords was printed every two months, though sometimes months were missed. The founding members did their best to put the issues out as often as they could, says Morgan.

“It was always a labour of love. There were volunteers who came

and went [ . . . ] but somehow there were always enough people who were interested and excited about rolling up their sleeves and inter-viewing folks.”

In the mid-2000s, laws began to change in the favour of GLBT individuals. Equal marriage was legalized in Canada. The maga-zine began to focus more on suc-cess stories of individuals in the community.

Morgan says the political edge remained, but was less dominant

than it was in the past.The evolution from tabloid

to glossy, colourful magazine “[reflects] the changing needs of the GLBT community,” says Morgan.

Outwords todayMeg Crane, senior online edi-

tor at Outwords, values the sense of community that working for the magazine has provided her.

“What I really like about work-ing here is all the support that I get, both personally and as a journalist and as an editor,” she says. “Within Outwords it feels like a really strong community of people who support each other.”

Crane has many ideas for the future of Outwords, including an increased online presence and more multimedia pieces. In the future, the magazine will post video pro-files of local GLBT organizations on their website.

The birthday party at Fame Nightclub begins at 9 p.m. on Friday, Sept. 12 and will feature stories from individuals who have been involved with Outwords over the past 20 years. There will be birthday cake, birthday gifts, and a dance party to the tunes of DJ Tracy Young. All are welcome.

“Every community, every human being, it doesn’t matter who they are, needs a sense of community,” says Morgan. “We need to be part of something.”

Happy birthday, OutwordsLocal GLBT magazine celebrates 20th year

KATY MACKINNON, STAFF

PhotrocitySchool of art exhibit explores mass violence and its aftermath

LAUREN SIDDALL, VOLUNTEER STAFF

The University of Manitoba’s School of Art Gallery is now

displaying Photrocity: Mass Violence and Its Aftermaths in the Sovfoto Archive, an exhibit that uses Soviet propaganda images taken from the Sovfoto Archive to alter our understanding of the human suffering caused by mass violence. The exhibit is in collaboration with Barrie, Ontario’s MacLaren Art Centre.

Comprised of 19 vintage gela-tin silver prints dating from 1936 to 1957, this exhibit focuses mainly on World War II and its aftermath, particularly among the Soviets.

The gallery itself is a stark white, contrasting powerfully with the dark images seen on the walls. Text fragments written by Struan Sinclair, designed to heighten the viewer’s experience and take the almost surreal images into a territory more akin with reality, accompany each image in a book-let available upon first entering the exhibit.

The images range from souve-nir photographs taken by soldiers intending to share the atroc-ity with friends and family, to Soviet-manipulated photographs attempting to control the meaning of suffering in Nazi prisoner-of-war camps.

Collectively, the images speak volumes about how we represent—or should represent—human suf-fering, as well as our capacity as humans to harm one another deeply.

Curator Adam Muller of the University of Manitoba got the idea for the exhibition after a research trip to the Sovfoto Archive, which contains more than 20,000 Soviet propaganda images.

At the suggestion of Mary

Reid, the former curator of the School of Art Gallery at the U of M, Muller reviewed the collection of images – blown away by the Soviets’ “attempts to propagandize, and therefore manipulate and use, human suffering in more and less overt and explicit ways.”

He felt that an exhibition of the images would best share the stories behind the atrocity that occurred during this time period, and might

“stimulate some wider public reflec-tion on the way we depict and relate to violence and atrocity in social life more generally.”

Scheduled to run alongside the opening of the Canadian Museum for Human Rights (officially open-ing Sept. 20), Photrocity helps to illustrate that despite our great improvements in the field of human rights since the horrors of World War II, there is still a long way to go. The exhibit and the questions it raises about the morality of depict-ing human suffering are very timely, and still upsettingly relevant in our modern society.

But it’s not all disheartening. Perhaps, as Susie Linfield

argues in her book The Cruel Radiance, examining images of human suffering—and more importantly, learning to see the individuals within the photos—is politically and ethically necessary to help us understand and appreciate the importance of human rights in the present, as well as deepen our need to defend them when we feel they are being violated. Photrocity is open from Monday to Friday between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. until Oct. 31 in the School of Art Gallery, 255 ARTlab, 180 Dafoe Road.

“There were volunteers who came and went, but somehow there were always enough people who were interested and excited about rolling up their sleeves and interviewing folks” – Rachel Morgan, Outwords Board of Directors member

GRAPHIC BY OUTWORDS

PHOTO BY LAUREN SIDALL

Arts & CultureVOL. 101 NO. 33September 3, 2014 13

together yourself in as little or as much time as you want,” says Crane.

“ You can sit down in the afternoon and create a zine, and you don’t really have to follow any format.”

Zines can contain all sorts of crafty items, from sequins to feath-ers, and Crane enjoys the creativity involved with putting one together.

At the zine fair, you can take part in a workshop about how to build a zine before you head to the zine-making stations, where there will be paint provided to help make your creation sparkle.

Live music performances are scheduled throughout the day, featur-ing artists such as Alannah Zeebeck, Claire Bones, and Elizabethan Teyems.

You can check out some other local

Local feminist and environmen-talist publication Cockroach zine

will be hosting a zine fair on Sept. 20-21 at Frame Arts Warehouse.

Cockroach zine was created by Meg Crane, when she found a lack of lighthearted feminist magazines in Canada.

“Some of the issues covered are pretty serious, difficult things, but I try to put a positive spin on it,” she says.

For example, in a previous issue’s article about a lack of clean drinking water in northern communities, there was a focus on the positive actions being done to combat the issue, and how people can make an impact.

The zine publishes every other month, and each issue follows a spe-cific theme; past themes include water, sex, religion, and journeys. The next issue—coming out Oct. 1 in stores, or Sept. 27 at Etsy’s Made in Canada sale—is themed “disguises.”

You can find a little bit of every-thing inside the zine, from writing, to artwork, to photography.

Zine not a ’zineFor the uninitiated, a zine is not to

be confused with a magazine. “It’s something you can put

zines by visiting the zine vendors, and try out some vegan baking.

The name “Cockroach zine” came from the fact that many people dis-like environmentalists and feminists, in a similar way to how they dislike cockroaches, says Crane. “They aren’t going to get rid of them.”

There is a saying that if there is a nuclear attack, the only thing that will survive is the cockroach.

“I think feminist environmentalists are like that; no matter what you do, we’re always still going to be around, bugging people who don’t like us,” says Crane.Tickets for Cockroach’s zine fair range from $6 to $12 and can be purchased at the door.

Fast, fresh, farmed, fruitfulMy Farmers’ Market brings fresh produce to your door

KATY MACKINNON, STAFF

With school beginning and assignments already piling up,

the last thing you want to do is spend what little free time you have on gro-cery shopping. My Farmers’ Market, an online grocery and delivery service, can save you time by bringing fresh, local food right to your dorm.

The idea for My Farmers’ Market was sparked at a barbecue when Nathan Steele, owner and operator, wanted a convenient and efficient way to provide local products to local peo-ple. Steele has a background in food, having spent time fruit-picking in the Okanagan and working in vari-ous kitchens.

In February 2013, My Farmers’ Market sprouted. The business has had steady growth ever since.

“In the last three months it has been doing a little bit of exploding and we’re beating each prior month substantially,” says Steele. “It’s kind of taking off here at this point.”

Many of the customers are regu-lars, and these consumer relationships are important to Steele.

“Quality is my priority, not making money,” he says. “I’m stepping back looking at the bigger picture and just trying to create a real quality service

that people can really enjoy and want to come back to.”

Many of the foods featured on the website are produced within Manitoba, says Colby Charles, opera-tions manager. A wide variety of non-local organic food is also available. In the spirit of being a one-stop shop, health and beauty items, household items, and pet foods can all be pur-chased through the website.

The website is easy to use, with

grocery items organized by section (produce, meat, dairy) and a shopping cart system. For a number of postal codes, just place an order before 12 p.m. to receive same-day delivery. Orders from campus (R3T postal code) are delivered on Saturdays from 6-8 p.m.

There is no minimum order amount, though orders $50 and above

“I’m stepping back looking at the bigger picture and just trying to create a real quality service that people can really enjoy and want to come back to” – Nathan Steele, owner/operator of My Farmers’ Market

“You can sit down in the afternoon and create a zine, and you don’t really have to follow any format” – Meg Crane

Cockroach zine fairLive music, vegan baking, and workshops for the crafty type

KATY MACKINNON, STAFF

receive free delivery. The delivery charge is $7.50 for orders below $50.

Charles understands the busy stu-dent life, being a past student himself. My Farmers’ Market is designed to provide you a little more time in your day.

“Spending all your time studying, having to go to the grocery store was just an extra amount of time that

could have been spent doing some-thing else,” says Charles. “Healthy students are productive students.”

The prices of the items are com-parable to grocery store prices, and there is no minimum order.

“We’re just trying to create a very sustainable model for better distri-bution and local food,” says Charles.

PHOTO BY MY FARMER'S MARKET

PHOTO BY JESSE RILEY

PHOTO BY MEG CRANE

Meg Crane

Arts & Culture Arts & Culture Editor: Katy MacKinnonContact: arts@themanitoban.com / 474.652914

At a time when the words “organic” and “raw” are a grow-

ing trend, Jasmine Lozenski’s homemade skin care products are much sought after. Make Time, a label that stirs thoughts of slowing down for some self-care, recently debuted as an official product spon-sor of Toronto Men’s Fashion Week.

Make Time got its start when Lozenski decided to take her per-sonal skin care into her own hands. Finding too many chemicals in the skin care products currently on the market, she decided to make her own products with ingredients like coconut oil and honey.

When friends took notice, Lozenski, with a love for crafts, made 12 jars and posted them on Instagram for sale.

“It blew up,” she says. “And then Christmas was coming, and people [wanted] these as gifts, so I had to make them left, right, and centre.”

Lozensk i entered the Government of Manitoba’s Young Entrepreneurs Program—a grant program that helps individuals aged 18-29 start a business—dur-ing which she attended business courses and received mentoring to get her business going.

Her workstation is her kitchen; a shelf lines the wall and is stocked with Mason jars, labels, a juicer (for the cucumber juice in After Sun Time), and an iPod speaker.

Each ingredient involved in a Make Time product has a differ-ent purpose – lemon for an anti-septic, olive oil for moisture, and peppermint oil as an antifungal. Lozenski knows the ins and outs of each product.

“It works for all skin types, too,” she says. “A lot of my customers will complain that they have acne or rosacea, so the honey kind of takes away the rosacea.”

Lozenski crafts products for the bearded fellow, too. Her Stache Wax and Beard Time were given out in 200 gift bags at Toronto Men’s Fashion Week.

The signature black and white striped Make Time logo was dis-played on the big screen, next to Aldo’s logo. During the three days of fashion week, an estimated two million viewers saw the Make Time logo. The exposure led to some discussion about bringing the Make Time products to stores in Toronto and Montreal.

“The fad of organic and natural is just rising,” says Lozenski. “I don’t think it’s going to drop.”

Purchase Make Time products at http://www.maketimeprod-ucts.com/. Free delivery within Winnipeg. Products also sold at Prep Hair, Normandy Shoppe, and Be-YOU-tee Factory .

Handcrafted, raw, organicLocal entrepreneur hits Toronto Men’s Fashion Week

KATY MACKINNON, STAFF

Review: The Room

MICHAEL CARLISLE

It is impossible to review Tommy Wiseau’s The Room (2003) with a

straight face, mainly because it is awful, everybody knows it is awful, and we choose to watch it anyways. It fails on every level, but many find it entertaining because it’s such a failure.

In recent years it has become a cult phenomenon, on par with Plan 9 From Outer Space (1959). The cult following direc-tor Wiseau has gained is almost frightening.

The story takes place in San Francisco, where suc-cessful banker Johnny (Tommy Wiseau) lives, sharing a pas-sionate relationship with his fiancée Lisa (Juliette Danielle). One day she decides to seduce his best friend out of boredom. Will their lives ever be the same again?

Unusual for a midnight-movie favourite, The Room does not consist of Equinox-esque monsters, surreal imagery, crazy clowns, or singing transvestites. Rather, it is shaped in the style of a conventional drama.

The difference between this and every other drama is the awful director behind the scenes. Conversations stop and start at random, major plot points are introduced and then scrapped throughout the film, and the act-ing is just unimaginably bad.

The Room views more like comedy than drama, though the audience is not laugh-ing with the film; they are laughing at it. The humorous quality of the picture is clearly not intentional.

Wiseau him-self suggests that his film should not be seen as a humil-iating sideshow attraction, but

rather as a complex work of art. One wonders if Wiseau is an idiot or a comic genius.

The Room is a complete waste of time to see, but it does its job as being so bad that it’s slightly funny. If you are a fan of watching com-pletely stupid movies, then this is the film for you.

(No rating for this film)

Conversations stop and start at random, major plot points are introduced and then scrapped throughout the film, and the acting is just unimaginably bad

PHOTO BY KATY MACKINNON

Arts & CultureVOL. 101 NO. 33September 3, 2014 15

16DiversionsGraphics Editor: Bram KeastContact: graphics@themanitoban.com / 474.6775

ILLUSTRATION BY BRAM KEAST

PHOTOS BY CAROLYNE KROEKER

17 SportsSports Editor: Mike StillContact: sports@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

Just for kicks A look at the 2014 edition of Bison soccer

MIKE STILL, STAFF AND DAVID GRAD, VOLUNTEER STAFF

The University of Manitoba Bison women’s soccer team begin their

10th season in CIS action in 2014, poised and ready to improve off of a 1-7-4 record in 2013. They will have their fair share of youth com-ing through the program this year, with 19 rookies looking to make an impact and earn a significant role on the team. Combined with a stable amount of veterans returning to the squad, Manitoba could be in for a breakout campaign this year.

ForwardsManitoba ranked 10th in the CIS

in goals per game last season; how-ever, that average should steadily increase this year. Daniella Scerbo, who led the team in goals (two), assists (two), and points (four) last season, enters her third year with the squad. The additions of Jamila Calvez and Bruna Mavignier de Vasconcelos should also aid in the amount of goals the Bisons score this season.

Calvez, a member of Team Manitoba at the Canada Summer Games in 2013, scored 16 goals in 19 games this past season with Team United, while Mavignier de Vasconcelos comes all the way from Brazil, where she scored six goals in four games playing for Taça Brasil sub 20 (Brazil Cup under 20).

Midfielders Megan Graca (one assist, six SOG,

794 minutes played), and Robyn Kastner (one goal, one assist, 895 min-utes played) lead a young, but ener-gized, group at the midfield position. There will be plenty of competition this year, including Sara MacLennan (younger sister of defenceman Emma MacLennan, provincial player from 2008-2012), and highly-sought-after recruit Amanda Wong (Manitoba Soccer Association Outstanding Youth Female Player of the Year in 2013).

DefendersThe loss of fifth-year player

Gillian Sidon hurts the Bisons, but veterans Sarah Haiko (720 minutes played) and Elyce Molyneaux (one goal, one assist, 1,004 minutes played) are returning to stabilize the back end. Rookie Jessie Harland, another member of Team Manitoba at the 2013 Canada Summer Games, also looks to make her presence felt.

Goalies Fifth-year player Chloe Werle

(2013 team MVP) returns for her final season, making the goaltend-ing position an immediate strength. Martina Arran, Brittany MacSween, and newcomer Madison Wilford add

youth and energy to the team.

Leadership and recruiting Head coach Vanessa Martinez-

Lagunas enters her second year at the helm, and provides a combination of experience, enthusiasm, and ability to develop skill. Martinez-Lagunas is a FIFA women’s soccer instruc-tor and former member of Mexico’s national team. She has coached across the world in Mexico, Germany, and the United States , and was a featured clinician at the 2014 National Soccer Coaches Association of America con-vention in Philadelphia.

Showing what they’ve got In their final tune-up before the

regular season, the Bisons welcomed the Minnesota-Crookston Golden Eagles to Winnipeg on Aug. 29 with a soccer clinic. Manitoba looked calm and in control as they moved the ball fluidly to stifle any pressure from the Eagle strikers.

The story of the game was the speed and skill infused into the Bison lineup by multiple rookie forwards looking to crack the starting line. Bruna Mavignier de Vasconcelos provided a goal and a helper in the 2-0 rout of the Eagles.

Jamila Calvez pushed the play through the middle with her speed and flair with the ball, and Camille Plett buried the second goal of the game, delivering a dagger into the hearts of the Golden Eagles.

The youth movement was also on display in the net as second-year goaltender Brittany MacSween and first-year Madison Wilford stood tall in the second half, repelling the Golden Eagles’ desperate attempts to find the equalizing goals.

Sarah Haiko led the Bison defence and was happy with the team’s overall performance.

“Defensively we felt organized, connected in the middle, connected up front, and were able to put the ball in the back of the net,” said Haiko.

Martinez-Lagunas had her squad looking prepared and confident at Friday’s pre-season matchup, and the team is full of confidence heading into the regular season.

“A game like this builds confidence. The issue with us, we lose games, then get mad at ourselves,” said the head coach. “We are excited to go into next week.”

The Bisons look to continue their strong team play at their home opener this Friday at 6 p.m. at the West Turf Fields.

Bisons supporting BisonsLast Thursday, the women’s

soccer team hosted a Bison Soccer Coffeehouse to help raise funds for an upcoming skill development trip to Texas and received strong support from a large number of family, friends, and fellow athletes. The coffeehouse featured numerous performances from members of the soccer, and track and field teams, as well as their relatives.

The Bison soccer team also has a great secret; they are full of talented musicians and performers.

Captain Sarah Haiko showed off her voice and piano skills with multi-ple performances. Forward Daniella Scerbo showcased her multi-instru-ment ability by switching between mandolin and acoustic guitar in the same song to cover “House of the Rising Sun” by the Animals. Rumour has it that Scerbo can also play the banjo.

Goaltender Martina Arran pro-vided the piano while rookie forward Jamila Calvez sang an Adele cover. Even coach Martinez-Lagunas stepped on stage to showcase her musical talents.

If you want to help support the wom-en’s soccer team, you can sign up for an upcoming soccer tournament they are running on Sept. 14. All funds raised will go to support the team. Check out umanitoba.ca/bisonpride for info on how to sign up to play.

PHOTOS PROVIDED BY BISON SPORTS

Sports Sports Editor: Mike StillContact: sports@themanitoban.com / 474.652918

Running with the herdStaying focused once school starts

MIKE STILL, STAFF

Well, it’s that time of year again! The summer has come

and gone in a flash, and the dreaded first week of school is upon us.

While it’s really easy to get absorbed in your schoolwork in an attempt to stay on top of things, your exercise levels have a tendency to crash and burn. Believe it or not, there is such a thing as “the fresh-man 15,” and I am here to help you avoid it with a few quick tips to keep your fitness level in peak condition.

Write down your goalsFirst things first, you need to

establish fitness goals for the year. By doing so, you will keep your-self motivated, and determined to achieve what you set out to do. A valuable tool to use would be the S.M.A.R.T. principle, which ensures that your goals are manage-able, and specific enough to achieve.

It is important to make sure that you don’t set too lofty of a goal. For one thing, you will still be quite busy with school, and if your goal is too challenging, it may end up tak-ing more time in your life than your education. It’s also discouraging if you don’t ultimately achieve your end goal, so make sure to set some-thing realistic, whatever that may be for you individually. Everyone’s health and fitness levels will vary, so keep that in mind as well.

Develop a program, stay consistent

Once you have established a clear fitness goal, the next step is to plan out a program. It is critical that you map out assigned times during the day in which you will engage in physical activity, in order to keep your schedule the same. The first thing you should do is eval-uate what your current schedule looks like, and figure out when you have time during the day to get in a workout.

My advice would be to pen-cil in a workout four times a week. That will give you enough time to train, but not so much that you are hurting your body. Take one day in between your training

sessions to recover. I also suggest establishing your workouts at some point after your classes, or after study sessions. This will give you an outlet to release the stress you may have built up, and will also help to clear your mind.

Keep a log of your progress, and evaluate every month

After you have determined when the most effective times to engage in training will be, you should make sure to track your progression. This will give you a form of encour-agement as the

months go along. I would suggest logging everything in a journal so that it is easy to keep track of.

It is important to keep in

Wielding the iron Getting to know Manitoba Bison golf captain Josh Wytinck

MIKE STILL, STAFF

Golf runs through Josh Wytinck’s blood. He grew

up with it, and has been playing the game since he was five years old.

The native of Glenboro, Man. still remembers playing weekend mornings back at home with his dad, brother, and late grandfather, where he had some of his fondest memories of the game.

“From a timeline perspective it started with my dad and grand-father who taught me the game and put the time in with me,” said Wytinck.

“After that my mom made sure I always made it to tournaments. Without that I would have never caught Garth’s [Goodbrandson’s] attention.”

Wytinck has racked up quite the resume in his golfing career, includ-ing being named Golf Manitoba player of the year in both 2012 and 2013 , as well as a two-time final-ist for the Manitoba Sportswriter and Sportscasters Association male athlete of the year.

While his accomplishments are many, Wytinck was quick to praise his coaching staff, who were part of the reason he chose Manitoba in the first place.

“I really liked the coaches at the time, Garth Goodbranson and Derek Ingram, as people. They were great guys who wanted to have me. After my first year Ed Boge joined and he has been a fantastic coach as well.”

This past year, after numerous other accolades, the team captain finally secured the biggest prize of his university career: a national championship. It was the first title in the 15-year history of men’s golf at the University of Manitoba.

“Personally, it was a neat, full-circle experience,” said Wytinck.

“My first trip to nationals, I led after the first round and was in the final group on the last day but fell

apart. Fast forward three years later and I was in the final group again and played well and was able to help the team win.”

From a timeline perspective, Wytinck added that securing the national championship was prob-ably his most memorable golfing experience.

“In my tenure we had 12 team wins and made winning look easy but winning the national cham-pionship took everything we had and is probably one of, if not, the greatest accomplishments I’ve been a part of,” said Wytinck.

The rapport which Wytinck has had with his teammates has cer-tainly gone a long way.

“I got to know most of my team-mates through junior golf tourna-ments starting at about age 13,” said Wytinck.

“I got to know Garth through Manitoba junior teams where I played alongside some of the guys from the U of M as well. It’s funny to think how we became teammates later in life, too.”

Now that Wytinck’s CIS career has come to an end, it is on to big-ger things. He is currently looking to attend qualifying school for the PGA Canada tour in May 2015, and play professionally.

“I’m currently in education but would love to be involved in golf, either playing or working.”

Regardless of what Wytinck chooses to do after university, he has already left a permanent mark on the golfing program. His advice for golfers that are new to the com-petitive circuit is very basic, but goes a long way.

“Anyone new to competitive golf, I would tell them to just soak up as much info from the competition as possible,” said Wytinck.

“Experience is even more impor-tant than talent and will help the player become better.”

mind that not every month will have a significant gain in fitness level. Note when your exams are, and when there are major tests or assignments coming up. During those times it is okay to push things back a little bit, as long as you still engage in smaller forms of physical activity during the week to keep your mind fresh.

Write down how every indi-vidual workout went, that way you can develop a baseline as a reference down the line. Also include your nutrition for each day, and if that may have had an effect on the way your workout went.

Stay positive Most importantly, stay positive!

Even though you are going to be pushing your body, and it may be hard to enjoy yourself sometimes, keep in mind that there is a greater goal that you are aiming for, and as long as you stay focused, you can—and will—get there!

PHOTO PROVIDED BY BISON SPORTS

Keep in mind that there is a greater goal that you are aiming for, and as long as you stay focused, you can—and will—get there!

GRAPHIC BY AICHELLE SAYUNO

SportsVOL. 101 NO. 33September 3, 2014 19

Sports opinion: Step up the sanctionsCFL, CCES need to crack down on PED use going forward

MIKE STILL, STAFF

On Thursday, Aug. 28, the Canadian Centre for Ethics in

Sport (CCES) announced that for-mer University of Manitoba Bison football player Ranji Atwall had tested positive for anabolic steroids.

The offence occurred at the 2014 CFL Regional Combine in Edmonton, and Atwall was promptly handed a four-year ban from the CIS.

While Atwall’s PED use is a very serious matter, it is the reper-cussions—or lack thereof—which should be garnering more attention.

Atwall’s violation occurred on March 17 – long after the football season had ended. Atwall had com-pleted his five years of eligibility by the time the CFL regional combine rolled around, and, therefore, from a CIS standpoint the ban had no effect on him.

Bison athletic director Coleen Dufresne was quick to describe the process all athletes go through to hopefully prevent an infraction from occurring, noting how thorough the education process is.

“We educate our athletes every year,” said Dufresne. “They go through an online drug education seminar; we have coaches speak to them. Our assistant athletic director in the initial meetings goes through all of that as well.”

A similar incident occurred at a different CFL combine, which also took place in March, when former Concordia offensive lineman Quinn Smith tested positive for a PED known as stanozolol. Smith stated that he unintentionally used the substance while consuming a sup-plement he hadn’t fully researched the contents of. Smith was handed a two-year ban for being a first-time offender, ending his CIS career as he had just two years left.

What makes Smith’s case so

intriguing, however, is the fact that his results were revealed pub-licly just hours before the 2014 CFL Draft took place, yet Calgary still took him seventh overall. The only punishment he will receive as a CFL player is mandatory drug testing, as well as counselling.

Evan Gill was taken in that same draft, just two places after Smith. A teammate on the defensive line with Atwall for two seasons, he agrees that the CFL needs to crack down on its drug testing policies.

“I don’t understand what message the CFL is sending when a player can test positive at their own combine and still have an opportunity to be drafted,” said Gill.

“It sends a poor message to young athletes watching the [CFL] draft on national television. What are you supposed to tell kids with pro aspira-tions? Change is needed; it’s not fair to other athletes.”

These two cases, among others, reveal multiple risks for the future of Canadian football. There is a loop-hole for draft-eligible players going into their fourth or fifth year of CIS

eligibility. A player could simply take a PED, if it’s their first offence, in order to perform better at the com-bine, and face no consequences from a university standpoint as their time had already finished.

In the example of Smith, the use of a PED may have significantly increased his performance at the CFL combine. He sprung up draft boards immediately afterwards, coming in at number four on the final pre-draft list, after an impressive showing on both sides of the ball. Interestingly enough, Smith wasn’t included on the CFL scouting bureau’s fall or winter lists, and came from relatively out of nowhere at the draft.

As a first-time offender of the CFL drug policy, Smith typically wouldn’t have had his name mentioned. It was his choice to reveal his test results publicly. This is also a danger for the CFL, as players essentially have a hall pass to cheat, knowing that a first-time offence warrants a relatively loose penalty.

The CFL has only had a drug policy in place since 2010. While it is great to finally see some sort of regulation, being so late with a final platform meant the CFL was for a long time a “summer camp” for play-ers that had been suspended from other leagues.

Take Ricky Williams, a for-mer running back with the Miami Dolphins. In 2006, he was suspended for the entire NFL season after his fourth violation of the league’s sub-stance abuse policy. He chose to suit up with the Toronto Argonauts that year, and not only played, but was also handed the highest paid contract for any CFL running back that season.

This issue comes down to money. In recent years, the CCES, which is funded by the Canadian government, has received $5.4 million, but most

of that money goes toward testing Olympic athletes.

According to a report from TSN.ca, “the CCES is planning 200 tests for nearly 11,000 CIS athletes” this year. That is simply not enough.

Part of the problem stems from the fact that it costs $1,000 to per-form a single test, most of which goes to lab fees. When the government evaluates these costs, and then looks at where drug testing is most impor-tant, they are going to grant priority to athletes representing Canada at international events, as opposed to university athletes.

More needs to be done on both the CFL’s end and the CCES’ in order for athletes to get the message.

The CFL needs to update their

drug policy in order to make the consequences for first-time offenders more severe. The NFL, for example, hands down a four-game suspension for a first-time PED offence. The CFL should consider looking into an approach such as this, both for the benefit of current players, as well as for those coming from the CIS.

The CCES simply needs more funding from the Canadian gov-ernment. With more money, more testing can be done on all athletes, regardless of whether they are ama-teur or professional.

Little steps such as these should ultimately pay off in the long run, and bring down the amount of PED use going forward.

PHOTO PROVIDED BY BISON SPORTS

PHOTO BY CAROLYNE KROEKER

“I don’t understand what message the CFL is sending when a player can test positive at their own combine and still have an opportunity to be drafted” – Evan Gill , Bison defensive tackle