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Para empezar Vocabulario y Gramática español 8

3 - Newfane Elementary Web viewla guitarra - to play the guitar. tocar. el piano - to play the piano. pintar – to paint. ... It depends on if the word that follows is masculine or

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Page 1: 3 - Newfane Elementary Web viewla guitarra - to play the guitar. tocar. el piano - to play the piano. pintar – to paint. ... It depends on if the word that follows is masculine or

Para empezarVocabulario y

Gramáticaespañol 8

Page 2: 3 - Newfane Elementary Web viewla guitarra - to play the guitar. tocar. el piano - to play the piano. pintar – to paint. ... It depends on if the word that follows is masculine or

Nombre _______________

el alfabeto

*Remember that these are the names of the letters.*

a ah r ay – rayb bay rr ay – rrayc say s essayd day t taye ay u ewf f.a. v vay / bayg hay w doobla – vay / bayh ah-chay x ay – keesei e y e-gre-ay-gaj hota z say-tak kal L.A.m M.A.n N.A.ñ n- yayo ohp payq coo

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Pronunciation

The vowels are always pronounced the same way as the letter name.

A “ll” sounds like a “y” in Eng. Ex: Me llamo… The letter “h” is silent. The “ch” sounds like “ch” in English. Ex: chimichanga The “ñ” sounds like “nya” in English. Ex: piñata The letters “z, ci / ce” sound like an “s” or in Spain like a “th”. The letters “b” & “v” sound like a “b” or “v” depending on the

country. The letters “j, X, & ge / gi” sounds like an “h” in English. The letters “qu, k, & co / ca / cu “sound like a “k” in English. These letters are pronounced as chunks & NOT individual letters:

que = kay, qui = key, gue = gay, & gui = gee. You may find the letters “ch” & “ll” in older dictionaries. These

letters are no longer part of the Spanish alphabet but are important sounds to know.

Page 3: 3 - Newfane Elementary Web viewla guitarra - to play the guitar. tocar. el piano - to play the piano. pintar – to paint. ... It depends on if the word that follows is masculine or

1. To help you in the future. Can be included on your college / job applications. It can be used in several careers. It can help you fulfill college class requirements. A foreign language promotes critical thinking skills. Spanish is the official language of 21 countries.

2. The U.S. is globally dependent on other nations. We need to stay up to date with new technology. Many companies have divisions in Spanish speaking countries. We need to maintain relations with other countries or isolation occurs. Ex: in the past

this lead to WWI. Spanish is the official language of the United Nations & its institutions, the European

Union & other international organizations. Spanish is the second world language as a vehicle of international communication &

third as an international language of politics, economics, and culture.

3. To appreciate the importance of Spanish in the U.S. There are several states & cities named in Spanish. There are several cities that have enormous population of Hispanic speakers. Spanish is

all around us! There is now a more predominant influence of Spanish musicians. (Christina Aguilera,

Mark Anthony, Jennifer Lopez, Ricki Martin, etc.) There are several radio & television stations in Spanish. Spanish is expected to be the first language of 50% of the US population within 50 years.

Pronunciation

The vowels are always pronounced the same way as the letter name.

A “ll” sounds like a “y” in Eng. Ex: Me llamo… The letter “h” is silent. The “ch” sounds like “ch” in English. Ex: chimichanga The “ñ” sounds like “nya” in English. Ex: piñata The letters “z, ci / ce” sound like an “s” or in Spain like a “th”. The letters “b” & “v” sound like a “b” or “v” depending on the

country. The letters “j, X, & ge / gi” sounds like an “h” in English. The letters “qu, k, & co / ca / cu “sound like a “k” in English. These letters are pronounced as chunks & NOT individual letters:

que = kay, qui = key, gue = gay, & gui = gee. You may find the letters “ch” & “ll” in older dictionaries. These

letters are no longer part of the Spanish alphabet but are important sounds to know.

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4. There are several Spanish speaking cities / countries that you may want to visit someday which are inside / outside the U.S.

Travel: 330 million people in the world speak Spanish as their first language & 100 million speak Spanish as their second language.

32.8 million people in the U.S. speak Spanish. 1 in every 8 people are Hispanic in the U.S.

los países del mundo hispanohablante(Spanish speaking countries)

Argentina HondurasBolivia MéxicoChile NicaraguaColombia la República DominicanaCosta RicaCubaEcuadorEl Salvador EspañaGuatemalaGuinea EcuatorialPanamá Uruguay Paraguay PerúVenezuela

(inf.) ¿ De dónde eres tú?- Where are you from? (Yo) soy de …._ I’m from …

(f.) ¿ De dónde es Ud.?- Where are you from? (Yo) soy de…- I’m from…

¿ De dónde es él /ella ?- Where is he / she from? Es de ….- He / she is from ….

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Page 5: 3 - Newfane Elementary Web viewla guitarra - to play the guitar. tocar. el piano - to play the piano. pintar – to paint. ... It depends on if the word that follows is masculine or

Nueva York= N.Y. los Estados Unidos (EE.UU.) = U.S.A.

Common Wealth: Puerto Rico

hola - hello / hibuenos días - good morningbuenas tardes - good afternoonbuenas noches - good evening (Used ≈ 6 p.m.)¿ Cómo estás ? (inf.) - How are you?¿ Qué tal ? (inf.) - How is it going?

Estoy (muy) bien. - I’m (very) fine. Estoy así-así. - I’m so-so. Estoy (muy) mal. - I’m (very) bad. Estoy regular. - I’m o.k.

¿ Qué pasa? (inf.) - What’s happening? nada mucho - nothing much

¿ Cómo está Ud.? (f) - How are you?¿Y Usted? (f) – And you?¿Y tú ? (inf.) - And you?adiós - goodbyehasta mañana - see you tomorrowhasta luego - see you laterhasta pronto / hasta la vista - see you soonnos vemos - See you later.mucho gusto / encantado(a) - nice to meet you/ delighted

Es un placer. - It’s a pleasure. igualmente - likewise

¿Cómo te llamas? (inf.) - What’s your name?¿Cómo se llama Ud. ? (f) - What’s your name?

Me llamo…- My name is…Te / le presento a…- Let me introduce you (familiar/formal) to…

Remember: when greeting a person it is important to determine if you should be formal or informal with them. If the person is your age / younger, a family member, a person with whom you are on a first name basis

or an animal → be informal (Use the tú form). If the person is older than you (excluding family members) or a stranger who is older than you → be

formal (Use the Ud. form). Males & females or two females often greet each other with a kiss on one / two cheeks

depending on the country. Men frequently shake hands.

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Clave = Key

F = formal (stranger, someone older than you, or someone you use a title such as Mr. / Doctor etc.)

Inf =informal (family, friends, someone your age or younger)

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Hispanic people tend to stand much closer to one another when talking. Americans are known for having their own “space”.

cero-0 uno- 1 dos- 2 ¿ Cuál es tu número de teléfono?- What is tres-3 your phone number? cuatro- 4 Mi número de teléfono es…- My phone no. cinco- 5 is… (Say numbers in Spanish. seis- 6 siete- 7 ej: 537-2586 (cinco, tres, siete, veinticinco,ocho- 8 ochenta y seis)nueve- 9 diez- 10 _______________________________________________________________once- 11 _______________________________________________________________doce- 12 trece- 13 catorce - 14 quince – 15dieciséis/ diez y seis - 16 diecisiete/ diez y siete- 17 dieciocho/ diez y ocho - 18 diecinueve/ diez y nueve - 19 veinte- 20veintiuno/veinte y uno- 21veintidós/ veinte y dos- 22veintitrés/ veinte y tres- 23veinticuatro/ veinte y cuatro- 24veinticinco/ veinte y cinco- 25veintiséis / veinte y seis- 26 treinta- 30treinta y uno- 31cuarenta- 40cincuenta- 50sesenta- 60setenta- 70ochenta- 80noventa- 90cien- 100ciento uno- 101

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y/ mas = (+ )

menos = (- )

por= (x)

dividido por = (÷)

son (=)

Notice that any number above 100 does not include “y” in between 100 & the number unless it is naturally within the number.Ex: ciento cinco & ciento diez y seis

** For 21, 31 & so on, use veintiún, treinta y un, and so on before a masculine noun & veintiuna, treinta y una, and so on before a feminine noun.

Ex: Tengo veintiún años. / Tengo treinta y una camisetas.

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¿ Cuál es la fecha de hoy ? – What is today’s date ?

►(La fecha de hoy) es el cinco de diciembre. número mes

¿ Cuál es la fecha de mañana ? - What is tomorrow’s date?

►Mañana es el seis de diciembre. número mes

** Excepción: When talking about the first day of each month, we use the word “first” instead of “one. **

el primero de enero - January 1st

** Months of the year are NOT capitalized in Spanish. **enero - Januaryfebrero - Februarymarzo - Marchabril - Aprilmayo - May junio - Junejulio - Julyagosto - Augustseptiembre - Septemberoctubre - Octobernoviembre - Novemberdiciembre - December

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¿ Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?

► Es el ________ de __________. – It’s the ______ of ________. número mes # month

¿ Qué mes es? - What month is it?► Es… - It’s … ej: Es noviembre.

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el mes - monthel año - year

¿ Qué hora es?- What time is it?

1) Begin the phrase with “Son las”…-It is…

2) Add the hour. Ej: Son las cinco. - It’s 5:00.

3) To state the minutes after the hour use “y” in between the hours & minutes. Ej: Son las diez y cinco. - It’s 10:05.

4) To say “quarter after” we use the phrase “y cuarto”. Ej: Son las ocho y cuarto. - It’s 8:15.

5) To say “30” we use the saying “y media” for the expression half past the hour. Ej: Son las tres y media. – It’s 3:30.

6) *** It’s 1:00 is the exception. Anytime between 12:31 & 1:30 starts out like this.** Ej: Es la una. - It’s 1:00.

7) To subtract minutes to the hour we use “menos” in between the hour & the minutes. Ej: 7:50 - Son las ocho menos diez. (It’s 8:00 minus 10 minutes.)

8) To state quarter to the hour we use the phrase “menos cuarto”. Ej: Son las siete menos cuarto. - It’s 6:45.

9) Phrases to know: ¿Qué hora es? – What time is it? Son las ¿A qué hora…. ? - At what time…? A las once … - At 11.. Excepción: a la una - at 1:00

Es medianoche. - It’s midnight.

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La Hora Militaria

Based on ____ hrs. Am/pm is shown

by the hour. Used in _________,

__________, _____________, __________, etc.

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Es mediodía. - It’s noon. a.m. - de la mañana (in the morning) p.m. - de la tarde ( in the afternoon) p.m. - de la noche (at night)* 6 pm* esta noche - tonight esta tarde - this afternoon este fin de semana - this weekend

la cabeza - headla nariz - noselos ojos - eyeslas orejas - earsla boca - mouthla lengua - tonguelos dientes - teethla frente - foreheadla barbilla - chinla cara - faceel pelo - hairlos labios - lips

el resto del cuerpo - rest of the bodyel cuello - neckel hombro - shoulderel pecho - chestel corazón - heartla garganta - throatlos brazos - arms*la mano - handel dedo - fingerla espalda - backel estómago - stomachel pie - footlas piernas - legsel codo - elbowla cadera - hipsel trasero - buttocklas rodillas - kneeslos dedos (de pie) - fingers (toes)¿ Qué te duele(n)?- What hurts you?Ejemplos:

Me duele la cabeza. - I have a headache. Me duelen las piernas. - My legs hurts.Vocabulario adicional:

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Tengo un brazo roto. - I have a broken arm. (roto agrees with whatever is broken) Tengo fiebre. - I have a fever. Tengo la gripe. – I have the flu. Voy al médico. Me siento mal .- I’m going to the doctor. I don’t feel well. Voy al hospital. - I’m going to the hospital. ** Days of the week are NOT capitalized in Spanish. The calendar begins on Monday instead of our calendar, which begins on Sunday. **

lunes - Mondaymartes - Tuesdaymiércoles - Wednesdayjueves - Thursdayviernes - Friday sábado - Saturdaydomingo - Sunday

el día - dayla semana - weekel fin de semana – weekend

¿ Qué día es hoy ? – What day is today ?

►Hoy es … Today is … (day of week in Spanish)

¿ Qué día es mañana ? - What day is tomorrow? ► Mañana es … (Tomorrow is …)¿ Qué día fue ayer ? - What day was yesterday?►Ayer fue …- Yesterday was …

amarillo - yellowanaranjado - orangeblanco - whitenegro - blackrojo- redmorado / violeta - purple

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¿ Cuál es tu color favorito ?- What is your favorite color?

Mi color favorito es … - My favorite color is …

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rosado / rosa - pinkverde - greenazul - bluemarrón / pardo / café- browngris – gray

Los mandatos de la clase(class commands)

Saquen el papel. - Take out paper.

No comprendo / no entiendo. - I don’t understand.

Saquen el libro. - Take out your book.

Saquen un bolígrafo. - Take out a pen.

Saquen un lápiz. – Take out a pencil.

Saquen su agenda. - Take out your agenda.

Saquen su cuaderno. - Take out your notebook.

Escuchen. - Listen.

Lean. - Read.

Escriban. - Write.

Repitan por favor. (to a group) / repita por favor (for a formal person) / repite por favor (for an inf.

person) – repeat please.

Siéntense. - Sit down.

Levántense. - Stand up.

Pásenme la tarea.- Pass me the homework.

Miren el pizarrón. - Look at the chalkboard.

Abran sus libros.- Open your books.

Cierren sus libros. – Close your books.

Trabajen en grupos. - Work in groups.

¿ Cómo se dice …? - How do you say…?

¿ Qué quiere decir… en inglés? - What does …. mean in English?

No sé. - I don’t know.

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las estaciones (seasons)

¿ Qué estación es? - What season is it? Es primavera.- It’s spring.

el verano - summerejemplo: hace calor / hace sol (julio)

la primavera - springej: hace fresco / llueve (abril)

el invierno - winterej: hace mucho frío / nieva (diciembre)

el otoño - fallej: hace fresco / frío (octubre)

el tiempo (weather)

¿ Qué tiempo hace hoy? - What’s the weather like today?

Hace mal tiempo. - It’s bad weather. Hace buen tiempo. – It’s good weather. Hace fresco. - It’s cool. Hace frío. - It’s cold. Hace calor. - It’s hot. Hace viento. - It’s windy. Hace sol. - It’s sunny. Está nublado. - It’s cloudy. Nieva. - It’s snowing. Llueve. - It’s raining.

** To show what the weather will be like in the future, you need to use the verb “ir” for how it’s going to be.

¿ Qué tiempo va a hacer mañana? - What’s the weather going to be like tomorrow?

Esta noche va a llover. - Tonight it’s going to rain.

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Mañana va a nevar. - Tomorrow it’s going to snow. Esta tarde va a hacer sol. - This afternoon it’s going to be sunny. Mañana va a estar nublado. - Tomorrow it’s going to be cloudy.

las actividades (activities)cantar - to singcomer chicharrones – to eat porkrindsbailar – to danceescribir cuentos – to write storiesleer libros / revistas / periódicos – to read books / magazines / newspapersnadar – to swimpatinar – to skatetrabajar – to workcorrer - to rundibujar – to drawescuchar música – to listen to musicesquiar – to skihablar por teléfono – to talk on the phoneir a la escuela – to go to schooljugar videojuegos – to play videogamesmontar / andar en bicicleta – to bike ridemontar / andar en patineta- to skateboardpasar tiempo con amigos – to hang out with friendspracticar deportes – to play sportstocar la guitarra - to play the guitartocar el piano - to play the pianopintar – to paintusar la computadora – to use the computerver / mirar la tele – to watch t.v.cuidar a mi hermano(a) – to take care of my brother / (sister)

los gustos (likes)(A mí) me gusta + infinitive – I like to …(A mí) me gusta mucho + infinitive – I like to … a lotNo me gusta + infinitive – I don’t like to …No me gusta nada + infinitive – I don’t like to … at all** No, no me gusta + infinitive – I don’t like to … (Use 2 no’s when answering a question.)¿ (A ti) te gusta + infinitive ? – Do you like to … ?A mí también – Me tooA mí tampoco- me neither¿ Y a ti ? – And you?

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¿ Qué te gusta hacer ?What do you like to do?

Infinitive – a verb in its’ basic form. It ends in –ar, -er, or –ir.

It means to …

Ejemplo: leer = to read

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Pues, sí. – Well, ya.y – ando – ormás o menos – more or less (kinda)No me gusta ni… ni… - I don’t like to neither … nor … La gente y donde vive (people and where they live)

el amigo- (m) friendla amiga- (f) friendel chico/ el muchacho- boyla chica/ la muchacha- girlel hombre- manla mujer- woman¿ Dónde vives tú?- Where do you live?¿ Dónde vive él/ ella?- Where does he/she live?→Vivo en ….- I live in …→Vive en….- He/she lives in…el apartamento- apartmentla casa- housela comunidad- community

las ocupaciones- occupations/jobs el doctor/ la doctora- (m/ f) doctorel médico/ la médica- (m/f) doctor* el / la estudiante- (m/ f) studentel / la alumno(a)- (m/f) pupil el / la cajero(a) - (m/ f) cashier/bank el / la enfermero (a) - (m/ f) nurse el / la fotógrafo (a) - (m/ f) photographer el maestro/ la maestra- (m/ f) teacherel profesor/ la profesora- (m/ f) teacher * notice only the el or la changes!*el / la policía- (m/ f) police officerel / la abogado(a) - (m/ f) lawyerel / la mecánico(a) - (m/ f) mechanicel hombre de negocios- businessmanla mujer de negocios- businesswoman* el/ la dentista- (m/ f) dentistel / la cantante- (m/ f) singerel bailador/ la bailadora- (m/ f) dancer* el / la taxista- (m/ f) taxi driver* el / la electricista- (m /f) electricianel / la cartero(a) - (m/ f)- mail carrierel /la arquitecto(a) - (m / f) architectel / la plomero(a) - (m /f) plumberel / la bombero(a) - fireman/ firewoman

¿ Qué te gusta hacer ?What do you like to do?

Infinitive – a verb in its’ basic form. It ends in –ar, -er, or –ir.

It means to …

Ejemplo: leer = to read

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* el / la periodista- (m/ f) journalist* el / la jefe- (m/f) bossel escritor / la escritora- (m/ f) writerel / la secretario(a) (m/ f)- secretaryel contador / la contadora- (m/ f) accountant

el, la, los, las= the They are placed before nouns (people, places & things)

(masculine & singular) el chico- boy los chicos- boys (masculine & plural) (feminine & singular) la chica- girl las chicas- girls (feminine & plural)

To make a word plural you need to make the definite article & the word itself plural.

If a word ends in a vowel, add –s to make it plural.

el sombrero (hat) los sombreros (hats) la fiesta (party) las fiestas (parties)

If a word ends in a consonant add –es to make it plural.

el reloj (clock / watch) los relojes (clocks/watches) la lección (lesson) las lecciones (lessons)

Gender clues : Masculine words usually end in –o. However, they may end in “ma, l, o, n, e, r, s.”

Feminine words usually end in –a. However, they may end in “ d, ión, & z, a.”

un- a/ an (masc. & sing.) un chico- a boy una- a/an (fem. & sing.) una chica- a girl unos- some (masc. & pl.) unos chicos- some boys unas- some (fem. & pl.) unas chicas- some girls

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LOS ARTÍCULOS INDEFINIDOS

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They are placed before a noun as in English. They agree in number (sing. & pl.) & gender (masc. & fem.) with the nouns they describe.

The same gender clues apply: masc. words= ma,l,o,n,e,r,s fem. words= d,ión,z,a

alto- tall bajo- short (height) delgado/ flaco- thin / skinny gordo- chubby feo- ugly bonito- pretty guapo- good-looking castaño- light brown hair moreno- dark brown hair rubio- blonde pelirrojo- red hair grande- big pequeño- small corto- short (length) largo- long cómico / gracioso- funny serio- serious inteligente- smart estúpido- stupid molesto- annoying mal educado- rude cortés- polite viejo-old joven- young fuerte- strong débil- weak

aburrido - boring saliente- outgoing interesante - interesting tímido- shy divertido- fun rico – rich bueno- good pobre- poor malo- bad fácil- easy paciente- patient ordenado- orderly, tidy difícil- difficult desordenado- disorderly, messy impaciente- impatient sociable- sociable perezoso- lazy estudioso- studious trabajador (a)- hard-working deportista/atlético- athletic

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Ser is used with describing who a person is (occupation), what a person is like (description-adjectives), where a person is from & telling time.

Yo soy Nosotros(as) somos

Tú eres Vosotros (as) sois

Él/ella/Ud. es Ellos/ellas/Uds. son

¿ Cómo es ?- What is she/he like? Ella/ él es….- She/he is…

¿ Cómo eres?- What are you like? (Yo) soy …..- I am…

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simpático- nice atrevido- daring antipático- mean artístico- artistic egoista- selfish talentoso- talented reservado- reserved práctico- practical

Adjective agreement

Adjectives that end in –o have the power to change! This does not change the meaning of the word. The endings are either masculine or feminine and singular or plural. They have 4 forms! Note that most adjectives are placed AFTER the noun they describe. This is opposite from English.

Ejemplo: el sombrero rojo = the red hat (masc. sing.)

los sombreros rojos = the red hats (masc. pl.)

la falda amarilla = the yellow skirt (fem. sing.)

las faldas amarillas = the yellow skirts (fem. pl.)

Other adjectives end in a consonant or another vowel besides o. These adjectives can only be in the singular or plural forms. They only have 2 forms! If it ends in a consonant add – es and if it ends in a vowel, simply add – s.

Ejemplo: el perro marrón = the brown dog

los perros marrones= the brown dogs

la camisa rosa = the pink shirt

las camisas rosas = the pink shirts

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Las materias (subjects)

las matemáticas - mathlas ciencias naturales -sciencela historia - historylos estudios sociales/ las ciencias sociales -social studiesla literatura -literaturela computación – computer scienceel arte - artla salud - healthla tecnología - technologyla económica doméstica – home & careersla banda - bandel coro - chorusla música - musicla educación física – physical educationel inglés - Englishel español - Spanishel francés - Frenchla sala de estudio – study hallel almuerzo – lunch la clase de…- … class ejemplo: la clase de arte= art classel horario- scheduleen la… hora - in the… hour/class periodla tarea- homeworkfracasar- to fail Ex: No quiero fracasar…- I don’t want to fail.aprobar- to pass Ex: Quiero aprobar.

** Notice that languages are not capitalized!**

el ordén de las clases(order of classes)

* primero(a)- 1st

segundo(a)- 2nd

* tercero(a)- 3rd

cuarto(a)- 4th

quinto(a)- 5th

sexto(a)- 6th

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¿ Cuál es tu clase preferida?→ Mi clase favorita es la clase de ________________________.

¿ Cuándo tienes la clase de arte?→ Tengo la clase de arte en la primera hora.

¿ Qué te gusta más la clase de ciencias naturales o la clase de música?→ Me gusta más la clase de _________________________.

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séptimo(a)- 7th octavo(a)- 8th

noveno(a)- 9th

décimo(a)- 10th

*= changes to primer/ tercer before a masculine singular noun. ejemplo: Mi primer éxito- My 1st victory/success.

A pronoun takes the place of a noun.

Use tú with family, friends, someone your age or younger & anyone you can call by his / her first name.Use Ud. with someone older than you with whom you are not familiar with or with someone that has a title such as Señor, Señora or Doctor.In Latin America Uds. is used when speaking with two or more people regardless of their age.In Spain use vosotros (as) when speaking to two or more people you would be informal with (normally use the tú form) & Uds. when speaking to two or more people you would normally be formal with (Use the Ud. form).If there is a group of males, or both males & females together, we use the masculine forms: nosotros, vosotros, & ellos.Nosotras, vosotras, & ellas are used with a group of two or more females.

You can combine a subject pronoun & a name to form a subject such as:

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yo - I nosotros - we (all guys / mixed)

nosotras - we (all females)

tú - you (familiar / informal) vosotros - you pl. inf.( guys / mixed)

vosotras - you all inf.(females)

él - he

ella - she

Usted (Ud.) - you (formal)

ellos - they (all guys / mixed)

ellas - they (all females)

Ustedes (Uds.) - you all (formal)

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Micaela y yo = nosotros (as) [Person + I = We ] - depends on if you are a male or female. Micaela is a girl.

Carlos y ella = ellos Pepe y tú = vosotros (as) in Spain only9

= Uds. for rest of the Spanish speaking countries Lola y ellas = ellas Manolo y Uds. = Uds.

las actividades de la clase:

estudiar- to study

enseñar- to teach

terminar la tarea/ la prueba/ el examen- to finish hw/ quiz/ test

escuchar- to listen to

hablar- to speak, talk

mirar videos- to watch videos

preparar- to prepare

sacar una buena / mala nota- to get a good /bad grade

participar- to participate

trabajar en grupos/ individualmente- to work in groups/ individually

descansar- to rest

contestar preguntas- to answer questions

llegar tarde/ temprano / en punto- to arrive late/ early / on time

otros verbos:

entrar (a, en)- to enter

ayudar- to help

pasar- to happen, to pass, to pass by

buscar- to look for

llevar- to wear, carry

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usar- to use

tomar- to take, to eat or drink

necesitar- to need

esperar- to wait for

comprar- to buy

visitar- to visit

There are 3 types of regular verbs: -ar, -er & -ir. First you remove the –ar to conjugatea verb !

Conjugating = removing the ending (-ar/-er/-ir) of a verb to reflect who is doing the action & in which tense they are doing it.

comprar- to buy

(yo) compro- I buy, I do buy, I’m buying(nosotros) compramos- we buy, we do buy, we are buying

(tú) compras- you buy, you do buy, you’re buying

(vosotros) compráis- you all buy, you all do buy, you all are buying

(él, ella, Ud.) compra- he/she buys/ you buy, he/she does buy/ you do buy, he/she is buying/ you are buying

(ellos, ellas, Uds.) compran- they/ you all buy, they/ you all do buy, they/ you are are buying

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Class objects(los objetos de la clase)

chalkboard - la pizarra / el pizarrónchalk - la tizachalkboard eraser- el borradormap - el mapaposter - el cartelclock/watch - el relojflag - la banderawindow - la ventanadoor - la puertapencil sharpener - el sacapuntasstudent desk - el pupitreteacher- el profesor / la profesora teacher- el maestro / la maestra -teacher desk (larger) - el escritoriotable - la mesachair - la sillasheet of paper - la hoja de papelpen - el bolígrafo / la plumapencil - el lápiznotebook-el cuadernofolder- la carpetabinder-la carpeta de argollaspencil eraser - la gomacrayons - los creyonesbook - el librobook shelf - el estante de librosdictionary - el diccionariohomework - la tareastapler - la grapadorastaples - las grapastv set - el televisor

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Repaso: How do you make words plural ?

el bolígrafo → los bolígrafos (el → los & add “s” to the vowel) el televisor → los televisores (el → los & add –es to the consonant) la pluma → las plumas (la → las & add “s” to the vowel) la situación → las situaciones (la → las & add –es to the consonant)

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tv (programs) - la televisión / la telegarbage can - la papeleracomputer- la computadoraprinter - la impresora(computer) screen - la pantallamouse - el ratónkeyboard - el teclado back pack - la mochila calculator - la calculadorala sala de clase – classroomHow many objects are there?- ¿ Cuántos objetos hay? There is / There are + # … - Hay….Is there …? / Are there- ¿ Cuántos objetos hay?Necesito un / una… - I need a …

al lado de la / del- next to, besidedebajo de la / del- beneathencima de la / del- on top of delante de la / del- in front ofenfrente de la /del- in front ofdetrás de la / del- behindcerca de la/ del- close to *lejos de la / del- far froma la izquierda de la / del- to the left ofa la derecha de la / del- to the right ofallí- thereaquí- here¿ Dónde ?- Where? ¿ Qué es esto?- What is this?Es un / una…- It’s a….

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Remember that a “/” means “or”. You will use del or de la but never both! It depends on if the word that follows is masculine or feminine. You can also use de los or de las if the word that follows is plural.

Ex: El televisor está a la derecha de la ventana.

El teléfono está cerca del reloj.

(yo)

estoy - I am

(nosotros)

estamos - we are

(tú)

estás - you (inf.) are

(vosotros)

estáis - you (pl) are

(él, ella, Ud.)

está -he/she is / you are

(ellos, ellas, Uds.)

están - they/ you all are

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Remember that ser means to be also. However, the verbs are used in different circumstances. Estar is used to say where people & things are located or how they are feeling.

Ejemplo: Mercedes está en el auditorio. - Mercedes is in the aud. José está en el taxi. - José is in the taxi. Los Lopez están contentos. - The Lopez’s are happy.

el desayuno- breakfast las bebidas- drinksel cereal- cereal el agua- waterlos huevos-eggs la leche- milkel pan- bread la limonada- lemonade el pan tostado- toast el zumo / el jugo- juicela mermelada- jelly la gaseosa / la soda- popla salchicha- sausage el té- teael tocino- bacon el té helado- iced teael yogur- yogurt el vino- wineel plátano- banana el café- coffee

el almuerzo- lunch otro vocabulariola ensalada- salad beber- to drinkla ensalada de frutas- fruit salad comer- to eatla sopa- soup la comida- food, mealla sopa de verduras- veggie soup compartir- to sharela sopa de tomate- tomato soup Me gusta (n)- I likeel sándwich de jamón y queso- ham Te gusta (n)- you like& cheese sandwich Me encanta (n)- I lovela hamburguesa- hamburger Te encanta(n)- you lovela hamburguesa con queso- cheese burger por supuesto- of courseel perrito caliente- hot dog ¡ Qué asco!- How awful!la pizza- pizza más o menos- more or lesslas papas fritas- French fries con..- withlas fresas- strawberries sin- withoutla manzana- applela naranja- orange el postre- dessertel kiwi- kiwi el flan- caramel custardla piña- pineapple el helado- ice creamlas cerezas- cherries el pastel- cakelas uvas- grapeslas peras- pearsla sandía- watermelon

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el melón- melonla fruta- fruit

aprender- to learnbeber- to drinkcomer- to eatcomprender- to understandvender- to sellver (yo veo)- to seehacer (yo hago)- to do/makeconocer (yo conozco)- to know/ be acquainted with a person or a place

-er verb

abrir- to open compartir- to sharerecibir- to receivevivir- to liveasistir- to attend -ir verb

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(yo)

bebo- I drink

(nosotros)

bebemos- we drink

(tú)

bebes- you drink

(vosotros) bebéis- you all drink

( él/ ella/ ud.)

bebe- he/she/you drink

(ellos/ ellas/ uds.)beben- they/you drink

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NOTICE: -IR VERBS HAVE THE SAME ENDINGS AS –ER (INSIDE OF THE BOOT) EXCEPT IN THE NOSOTROS(AS) & VOSOTROS (AS) FORMS.

¿ Con qué frecuencia…?- How often do you…?

Ejemplo: ¿ Con qué frecuencia estudias?- How often do you study?

These expressions are usually placed before the verb.

siempre- always Siempre estudio español.

rara vez- rarely Rara vez llevo pantalones cortos.

nunca- never Nunca llego tarde a la clase de español.

These expressions are usually placed after the verb.

mucho- often Los estudiantes estudian mucho.

poco- a little Ellos hablan poco en clase.

Longer phrases can be placed at the beginning or end of a sentence.

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(yo)

vivo- I live

(nosotros)

vivimos- we live

(tú)

vives- you live

(vosotros)

vivís- you live

(él/ ella/ ud.)

vive- he/she lives or you live

(ellos/ ellas/ uds.)

viven- they/you live

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todos los días- every day Marta escucha a la maestra todos los días.

Todos los días Marta escucha a la maestra.

a veces- sometimes A veces participo en clase o Participo en clase a veces.

de vez en cuando- once in a while De vez en cuando hablas en español.

Hablas en español de vez en cuando.

(a mí)

me gusta / me encanta

I like / love

(a nosotros)

nos gusta/ nos encanta

we like / we love

(a ti) te gusta / te encanta

you like / you love

(a vosotros) os gusta / os encanta you (pl) like / you (pl) love

(a ella, a Ud., a él)

le gusta / le encanta – he / she likes,

you like or he / she loves, you love

(a ellos/ellas, a Uds.)

les gusta / les encanta - they / you all like / they / you all love

** You do NOT use yo, tú, etc. in front on this verb. A mí is used in place of yo & A ti is used instead of tú!!! You can also use a + name / noun to say who likes to do… **

Ejemplos: A Jorge le gusta andar en bicicleta. – George likes to bike ride. ¡ A mí me encanta el chocolate! – I like love chocolate!

26gustar/encantar- to like/love

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liking / loving more than one person / thing

( A mí) me gustan / me encantan ( A nosotros / as) nos gustan / nos encantan

(A ti) te gustan / te encantan (A vosotros / as) os gustan / os encantan

( A él, ella , Ud.) le gustan / le encantan ( A ellos, ellas, Uds.) les gustan / les encantan

Ejemplos: Nos gustan los tacos.- We like tacos. Te encantan las piñatas, ¿no?- You love piñatas, don’t you?

la cena - supperel bistec - steakla carne - meatla hamburguesa - hamburgerel jamón - hamel pollo - chickenel pavo - turkeyel pescado - fishla langosta - lobsterlos camarones - shrimplos mariscos - seafood

las verduras - veggiesla zanahoria - carrotla papa / la patata - potatolas judías verdes - green beansel tomate - tomatola lechuga - lettucela cebolla - onionlos guisantes - peas

los cereales - grainsel arroz - ricelos espaguetis - spaghettila pasta – pastael pan- bread

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adjetivos para describir la comida - adjectives to describe foodEs rico / sabroso. - It’s tasty.¡Qué dulce! - How sweet!Es picante. – It’s spicy.Es horrible. - It’s horrible.Es malo (a). - It’s bad.

Talking about healthcaminar - to walkhacer ejercicio - to exercise

o yo hago - I doo tú haces - you do

levantar pesas - to lift weightspara la salud - for one’s healthpara mantener la salud - to maintain one’s healthPrefiero…- I prefer….

Indicating agreement or disagreementCreo que.. - I think that…Creo que sí. - I think so.Creo que no. - I don’t think so.(No) estoy de acuerdo. - I (don’t) agree.

Expressing quantityalgo - somethingmucho(s) (a) (as) - manytodo(s) (a) (as) - all

(yo) soy - I am (nosotros) somos - we are

(tú) eres - you are (inf.) (vosotros) sois - you all are (pl)

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(él, ella, Ud.) es - he/she is, you are

(formal)

(ellos, ellas, uds.) son -

they/ you all (formal) are

Ser is used with things considered permanent such as: where you’re from, nationality, personality, & appearance.

Ejemplos: Yo soy de Lockport, Nueva York. -

Mi amiga es muy graciosa. -

Tú eres rubio. -

la discoteca - dance club el mercado - market el supermercado - supermarket el centro comercial - mall la oficina - office la catedral - cathedral la iglesia - church la mezquita - mosque la sinogoga - synagogueel templo - temple, Protestant church la casa - homeen casa - at home el banco - bankel teatro - theatreel aeropuerto - airportel estadio - stadiumel cine - movie theatreel museo - museumel parque - parklas montañas - mountainsel campo - countrysideel restaurante - restaurantel hotel - hotella piscina - poolla terminal de autobuses - bus terminal

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la playa - beachel café - caféel correo - post officela tienda - storela plaza - center of the city (fountain,statues etc.)el centro - downtownla escuela - schoolel gimnasio - gymnasium el auditorio - auditoriumla cafetería - cafeteriala biblioteca - libraryel trabajo - work, job

las interrogativas - question words¿ Con quién? - With whom?¿ Quién(es)? - Who?¿ Qué ? - What?¿ Cuándo? – When ?¿ Dónde / Adónde / De dónde ? - Where ?/ To where ?/ From where ?¿ Por qué? – Why ?¿ Cómo? – How ? ¿ Cuál (es)? – Which (ones), What ?¿ Cuánto (a, os, as)? - How much? / How many ?

To ask & tell with whom you go:¿Con quién? - With whom ? Con mis / tus amigos- with my / your friends.

Sólo (a) - alone

To talk about when things are done: ¿ Cuándo? - When? después - afterwards después (de)… - after los fines de semana - on weekends

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los lunes - on Monday el tiempo libre - free time

To talk about where someone is from:¿ De dónde eres? Soy de Newfane. – I am from Newfane.

To indicate how often: generalmente – generally

Other useful expressions: ¡ No me digas! - You don’t say! para + infinitive - in order to ….

(yo)

Voy - I go, I do go

(nosotros)

Vamos - we go, we do go

(tú)

Vas - you (inf.) go, you do go

(vosotros)

Vais - y’all go, you dogo

(él, ella, Ud.)

Va – he /she goes, doesgo, you go, you do go

(ellos, ellas, Uds.)

Van - they / you (pl) go, dogo

Asking questions:1) Isabel va a la escuela, ¿no?- Add ¿no? to the end of a statement & make your voice rise.2) Isabel va a la escuela ¿ verdad ?- Add the word verdad (right) to the end of a statement

& make your voice rise.3) ¿ Va Isabel a la escuela ?- Invert / switch the position of the subject & the verb.

Ejemplos: Vamos a las montañas.- We’re going to the mountains. Voy a la biblioteca. – I’m going to the library.

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a + el = al (“a” follows the verb “ir” and if the next word is masculine (begins with “el”… then “a” becomes “al”.

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Ejemplos: Tú vas al centro comercial.- You’re going to the mall. Mi madre va al parque.- My mom is going to the park.

las actividades / los pasatiempos- activities / hobbies

ir de compras - to go shoppingver una película - to watch a moviela lección de piano - piano lessonMe quedo en casa. - I stay at home.el baile - danceel concierto- concertla fiesta - partyir + a + .. – to be going + infinitiveir de camping - to go campingir de pesca - to go fishingir de cacería - to go hunting

los deportes - sportsjugar al + masc. sport – to play ….el baloncesto / básquetbol - to play basketballel béisbol - baseballel fútbol - soccerel fútbol americano - footballel hockey - hockeyel golf - golfel tenis - tennisel vóleibol - volleyballel boxeo - boxing el surfing - surfingla lucha libre - wrestling esquiar - to skiandar en patineta - to skateboardel partido de.. - game, matchYo sé - I know (how)Tú sabes - you know (how)

el equipo- equipmentel bate - batla bola - ball (lg.)

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el casco - helmetla gorra - baseball capel guante - glovelos patines - skatesla patineta - skateboardla pelota - baseballla raqueta - racket los lugares - placesel campo de.. - … field la piscina - poolsobre hielo- on ice la cancha de…- …. court

Los sentimientos (feelings)

** Use the verb estar with feelings & location**

alegre / contento - happy

cansado - tired

deprimido - depressed

emocionado - excited

enfermo - sick

enojado - angry

nervioso - nervous

ocupado - busy

preocupado - worried

tranquilo - calm

triste - sad

loco - crazy

frustrado - frustrated

sorprendido - surprised

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Yo estoy Nosotros(as) estamos

Tú estás Vosotros (as)estáis

Él/ella/Ud. está Ellos/ellas/Uds. están

Used for how you feel and where you are you (location) always use the verb estar!

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desilusionado - disappointed----------------------------------------------------------

** Make sure you use the correct form of the feeling. It should agree in gender (masc. / fem.) & number (sing. / pl.)

Ejemplo: Diana está cansada.- Diana is tired. Mis amigos están enfermos.- My friends are sick. Las estudiantes están alegres.- The (fem.) students are happy.

jugar- to play (u → ue)

juego jugamos

juegas jugáis

juega juegan

jugar is used with sports & games. jugar al + sport- to play a sport

** This verb is a stem-changing/boot verb. The “u” changes to “ue” inside the boot. This verb is grouped with others that change from “o” → “ue” which you will learn in 8 th grade.**

Invitando¿ Quieres acompañarme a..?- Do you want to come with me to..?Te invito.- I’ll treat you.¿Te gustaría (inf.)/ Le gustaría (f.)…?- Would you like to…?

Aceptando¡ Claro que sí!/ ¡ Por supuesto!/ ¡ Cómo no!- Of course!Me gustaría….- I would like to…Sí, me encantaría….- I would love to…¡ Oye! ¡ Qué buena idea!- Hey! What a good idea! Quiero…- I want….Quieres…- You want….¡ Genial! – Great! (Yo) puedo…. – I can…(Tú) puedes…- You can…

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RechazandoLo siento.- I’m sorry.Gracias, pero no puedo.- Thanks, but I can’t.¡ Qué lástima!/ ¡ Qué pena!- What a shame!Tal vez otro día.- Maybe another day.Tengo que + infinitive.- I have to…