3. Morfologia y Organografia de La Vid

8/3/2019 3. Morfologia y Organografia de La Vid

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EG[@GFGIN RG[INDGI[N@N

CJ FN PBC


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@fnpbg Hgfzejfn pj{$ 8$


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Eg{`gfgin cj fn pbc !Pbsbx pbdb`j{n F$"

Fn |fndsn cj pbc hzfsbpncn jd jq|fgsnhbgdjx ni{n{bnx jxs hge|zjx%

sn |g{ cgx bdcbpbczgx& zdg hgdxsbszrj jf xbxsjen {ncbhnf !Pbsbx x||$ cjfi{z|g nej{bhndg& jd xz enrg{n"& cjdgebdncg |g{snbdoj{sg& |b g |ns{dr& gs{g fn |n{sj n{jn !Pbsbx pbdb`j{n F$"& cjdgebdncn |n g pn{bjcnc$ Jxsnfsben hgdxsbszrj jf s{gdhg& fgx k{ngx r fgx |e|ndgx ~zj |g{snd fnxagonx& fgx {nhbegx r fnx rjenx$ Fn zdbd jds{j neknx gdnx xj {jnfbn ns{npx cjf |zdsg cj bdoj{sg$

Jf hgdozdsg jx fg ~zj hgdghjegx hgd jf dgek{j cj hj|n$

>$ Xbxsjen {ncbhnf !g {ncbhzfn{"

Fnx `zdhbgdjx cjf xbxsjen {ncbhnf xgd?

Ndhfnoj cj fn |fndsn nf xzjfg

Nkxg{hbd cj nizn r jfjejdsgx ebdj{nfjx

Nhzezfnhbd cj xzxsndhbnx cj {jxj{pn


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G{bijd cjf xbxsjen {ncbhnf

>$ \{ghjcjdsj cj fn {nchzfn cj fn xjebffn$ Cjxn{{gffn zdn {n |{bdhb%|nf r |bpgsndsj$ Cj xsn xnfc{d fnx xjhzdcn{bnx r cj xsnx& fnx sj{%hbn{bnx r nx xzhjxbpnejdsj= hgd jf |nxg cj fgx ngx fn {n |{bdhb|nf

|bj{cj xz |{j|gdcj{ndhbn r fnx xjhzdcn{bnx r sj{hbn{bnx nc~zbj{jdenrg{ be|g{sndhbn r cjxn{{gffg {jfnsbpg$ Jxsj sb|g cj |fndsnx |{g%hjcjdsjx cj xjebffn xfg xj zsbfbnd |n{n ejog{n ijdsbhn g |n{ngksjdhbd cj dzjpnx pn{bjcncjx$

;$ Cj g{bijd ncpjdsbhbg? |{ghjcjdsj cj fn cb`j{jdhbnhbd cj hfzfnxcjf |j{bhbhfg& snekbd cjdgebdncn hn|n {bijdn$ Xj g{bibdnd&|{bdhb|nfejdsj& n dbpjf cj fgx dzcgx cjf snffg$ Jxsj sb|g cj xbxsjen{ncbhnf |{ghjcj cj fn ezfsb|fbhnhbd pjijsnsbpn |g{ jxsn~zbffncg$\zjcjd xj{ cj cgx sb|gx& n{jnx r xzksj{{djnx$

n" [nhjx n{jnx? n|n{jhjd jx|gdsdjnejdsj jd gdnx s{g|bhnfjx raejcnx& nx hgeg jd bdpj{dncj{gx$ Xj |zjcjd g{bibdn{ jd s{gdhgx& k{n%gx g xn{ebjdsgx$

k" [nhjx xzksj{{djnx? Jx jf hnxg ex `{jhzjdsj$ Jd |fndsnhbgdjxhgej{hbnfjx jxsj xbxsjen {ncbhnf |{ghjcj cjf |g{snbdoj{sg g |ns{d |zjx%sg n jd{nbn{ ejcbndsj fn shdbhn cjf jxsn~zbffncg$ Jf xbxsjen {ncbhnf jxs`g{encg& bdbhbnfejdsj& |g{ jds{j 8 n 0 {nhjx |{ben{bnx ~zj sbjdcjd n jq%|fg{n{ jf xzjfg jd xz|j{`bhbj$


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Jf dizfg ~zj `g{end fnx {nhjx |{bdhb|nfjx hgd zdn fdjn benibdn%{bn |j{|jdcbhzfn{ n fn xz|j{`bhbj cjf xzjfg xj cjdgebdn dizfg cj ijg%s{g|bxeg r jx zdn hn{nhsj{xsbhn ijdsbhn$

Cj fnx {nhjx |{bdhb|nfjx |n{sjd fnx {nhjx xjhzdcn{bnx ~zj xgd fnx~zj sbjdcjd n hgfgdbn{ jf xzjfg jd |{g`zdcbcnc$

N |n{sb{ cj xsnx xnfjd fnx

{nhjx sj{hbn{bnx r& cj jxsnx fsb%enx& xnfc{d fnx hznsj{dn{bnx r nxxzhjxbpnejdsj anxsn ffjin{ n fnxfsbenx {neb`bhnhbgdjx& ffnencnx{ncbhjfnx g |jfgx nkxg{kjdsjx~zj xj {jdzjpnd ndznfejdsj$


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Jf hgdozdsg `g{en zdn hnkjffj{n {ncbhzfn{$

Fn jqsjdxbd cj xbxsjen {ncbhzfn{ cj|jdcj cj fn jx|jhbj& en{hg cj|fndsnhbd& sb|g cj xzjfg r shdbhnx cj hzfsbpg$ Jf 2


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;$ \n{sj n{jn

Fn pbn jd jxsncg jx|gdsdjg jx zdn fbndn ~zj h{jhj n egcg cjn{kzxsg s{j|ncg{ i{nhbnx n xzx snffgx xn{ejdsgxgx r n xzx n{hbffgx ~zjhzndcg jdhzjds{nd zd xg|g{sj g szsg{ xj jd{gxhnd jd f r s{j|nd jd kzx%hn cj fn fz& |j{g jd hnxg cj dg jdhgds{n{ cbhag xg|g{sj& fn pbc ncg|sn zdcjxn{{gffg& cjdgebdncg cj |g{sj {nxs{j{g& jd |gxbhbd ex g ejdgx j{%izbcn xgk{j fn xz|j{`bhbj cjf sj{{jdg$

Fn |n{sj n{jn hge|{jdcj jf s{gdhg& fgx k{ngx g {nenx r fgx k{g%sjx& cjdgebdncgx |e|ndgx$

;$>$ Jf s{gdhg

Jf s{gdhg |zjcj jxsn{ ex g ejdgx cj`bdbcg xjid jf xbxsjen cj`g{enhbd$ Fn nfsz{n cj|jdcj cj fn |gcn cj `g{enhbd& jxsndcg dg{enf%ejdsj hge|{jdcbcn jds{j fgx


8/24

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;$;$ K{nzgx g {nenx

Xgd fgx jdhn{incgx cj hgdczhb{ fgx dzs{bjdsjx r {j|n{sb{ fn pjijsn%hbd r fgx `{zsgx jd jf jx|nhbg$ Nf biznf ~zj jf s{gdhg snekbd jxsd {jhz%kbj{sgx cj zdn hg{sjn$ Fgx k{ngx |g{snd fgx snffgx cjf ng& cjdgebdncgx|e|ndgx hzndcg xgd aj{khjgx r xn{ebjdsgx hzndcg jxsd fbidb`bhn%cgx$

Sb|gx cj encj{n

n" Encj{n cjf ng? fn hgdxsbszrjd jf |e|ndg g xn{ebjdsg& cjxcj ~zjk{gsn fn rjen ~zj fg g{bibdn anxsn ~zj sb{n fn agon$ Hge|{jdcj |g{ sndsgzd |j{bgcg cj h{jhbebjdsg

k" Encj{n cj > ng? xgd fgx xn{ebjdsgx cjxcj fn hncn cj fn agon anxsn jfcjxn{{gffg cj fnx rjenx jd f bdxj{snx$ Hge|{jdcj sgcg jf |j{bgcg cj {j%|gxg bdpj{dnf$

h" Encj{n cj ; ngx? cjx|zx cj fn k{gsnhbd cj fnx rjenx& fn encj{ncj zd ng xj cjdgebdn encj{n cj cgx ngx& jx xz xjizdcg |j{bgcg cjh{jhbebjdsg$ Fn encj{n cj cgx ngx xg|g{sn fgx |e|ndgx g xn{ebjdsgxdg{enfjx$

c" Encj{n pbjon? n~zjffgx snffgx hgd ex cj ; ngx cj jcnc |nxnd n cj%dgebdn{xj encj{n pbjon$


9/24

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;$8$ \e|ndg g xn{ebjdsg

Jf |e|ndg jx zd k{gsj |{ghjcjdsj cjf cjxn{{gffg cj zdn rjendg{enf$ Jf |e|ndg |g{sn fnx rjenx& fnx agonx& fgx n{hbffgx r fnx bd`fg{jx%hjdhbnx$ Nf |{bdhb|bg cj xz cjxn{{gffg fgx |e|ndgx sbjdjd hgdxbxsjdhbnaj{khjn& |j{g anhbn jf ejx cj nigxsg hgebjdnd n xz`{b{ zd hgdozdsg cjs{ndx`g{enhbgdjx ~zj fj pnd n cn{ |j{jddbcnc& je|bjnd n fbidb`bhn{xj!nigxsnebjdsg"& nhzezfnd xzxsndhbnx cj {jxj{pn r nc~zbj{jd hgdxbxsjd%

hbn fjgxn& |nxndcg jdsgdhjx n cjdgebdn{xj xn{ebjdsgx$

Jf |e|ndg jx zd snffg hgdxsbszbcg |g{ zdn xzhjxbd cj dzcgx gdnx abdhancnx % r jds{jdzcgx jx|nhbg jds{j dzcg r dzcg %$


10/24

> he jd jf hnxg cj fgx |{bej{gx jds{jdzcgx cjf|e|ndg r fgx >:;< he jd fn gdn ejcbn$ Jd fn gdn cj bdxj{hbd cjf|e|ndg nf snffg& cjdgebdncn hg{gdn& dg anr jds{jdzcgx$

Jf cbejs{g cjf |e|ndg jx pn{bnkfj xbjdcg hg{{bjdsj ~zj xj jd%hzjds{j jds{j > r ; he jd fn gdn hjds{nf$ Fn xjhhbd jx jf|sbhn$

Fgx dzcgx xgd jdxndhanebjdsgx& ex g ejdgx |{gdzdhbncgx& cgd%cj xj bdxj{snd cb`j{jdsjx {indgx$

\zjcjd xj{ {indgx |j{jddjx& hgeg fnx rjenx& g hnczhgx hgeg fnx

agonx& fnx bd`fg{jxhjdhbnx r fgx n{hbffgx$ Fn xzhjxbd cj dzcgx cjxcj fnknxj anxsn jf |bhj xj ffnen {ndigx$

Jf {ndig cj zd {indg jx fn |gxbhbd cjf dzcg jd jf ~zj jxs bdxj{sg$


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@g{enx r jxs{zhsz{n hjfzfn{ cjf fbekg cj fn agon$


13/24

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Fnx rjenx

Bdxj{snx jd jf dzcg& |g{ jdhben cj fn nqbfn cj bdxj{hbd cjf |jhbgfg$Anr cgx rjenx |g{ dzcg? fn rjen dg{enf g fnsjdsj& ex i{zjxn ~zj xjcjxn{{gffn ijdj{nfejdsj jd jf hbhfg xbizbjdsj n xz `g{enhbd& r fn rjen

|{gdsn g ndsbhb|ncn ~zj |zjcj k{gsn{ jf ng cj xz `g{enhbd& cndcgdbjsgx cj ejdg{ cjxn{{gffg r `j{sbfbcnc ~zj fgx |e|ndgx dg{enfjx$ Xb fnrjen |{gdsn dg k{gsn cz{ndsj jf ng cj xz `g{enhbd& xj hnj hgd fgx |{b%ej{gx `{gx dg xz|j{ndcg jf |j{bgcg bdpj{dnf$ Sgcnx fnx rjenx cj fnpbc xgd ebqsnx r nqbfn{jx$

Fn rjen dg{enf& jx cj `g{en ex g ejdgx hdbhn r jxs hgdxsbszb%cn |g{ zd hgdg pjijsnsbpg |{bdhb|nf r zdg g cgx hgdgx pjijsnsbpgx xjhzd%

cn{bgx$ Jxsgx hgdgx jxsd `g{encgx |g{ zd snffg jek{bgdn{bg& jd fgx ~zjxj cb`j{jdhbnd fgx dzcgx r jds{jdzcgx& fgx jxkggx `gfbn{jx r jd xz hnxg&fgx jxkggx cj fnx bd`fg{jxhjdhbnx& r zd ej{bxsjeg g |bhj hnzfbdn{ jd xzjqs{jeg$

Cbhagx hgdgx pjijsnsbpgx jxsd |{gsjibcgx bdsj{bg{ejdsj |g{ zdnkg{{n nfigcgdgxn r jqsj{bg{ejdsj |g{ cgx jxhnenx$

G{indbnhbd cj zd rjej{g nqbfn{=


14/24

>3

Hfnxb`bhnhbd cj fnx rjenx xjid xz |gxbhbd jd jf snffg

>$ |bhj g ej{bxsjeg sj{ebdnf !snekbd ffnencg ej{bxsjeg n|b%hnf"$ Dg jx rjen |{g|bnejdsj cbhan& dg sbjdj jxs{zhsz{n cj rjen$ Jx zdnenxn cj hfzfnx bdcb`j{jdhbncn ~zj hzndcg jxs nhsbpn pn ijdj{ndcg& |g{cb`j{jdhbnhbd hjfzfn{& sgcgx fgx {indgx cjf snffg$ Hzndcg hjxn xz nhsbpb%cnc& kbjd |g{ c`bhbs ac{bhg jxsbpnf g |g{ fgx |{bej{gx `{gx gsgnfjx&ezj{j$ Dg xj |j{|jsn cj zd ng nf xbizbjdsj$

;$ Nqbfn{jx$ Xgd fnx rjenx |{g|bnejdsj cbhanx$ Cnd jf hn{hsj{ |j%

{jddj nf bdcbpbczg$ Jd hncn dzcg g nqbfn anr cgx sb|gx cj rjen nqbfn{? fndg{enf r fn ndsbhb|ncn$ Cj jxsnx rjenx nqbfn{jx& fnx ~zj jxsd |{qbenx nfn gdn cj bdxj{hbd cjf |e|ndg& {jhbkjd jf dgek{j cj rjenx knxbfn{jx

g cj fn hg{gdn& snekbd cjdgebdncnx hnx~zj{nx$ Fn ex pbxbkfj r cb`j%{jdhbncn cj xsnx fsbenx xj cjdgebdn rjen hbjin r fn g|zjxsn n jxsnhgds{nhbjin$

Hfnxb`bhnhbd cj fnx rjenx xjid xz jpgfzhbd

Rjen dg{enf g `{ndhn& snekbd cjdgebdncn fnsjdsj g cz{ebjd%sj$ Xj cjxn{{gffn cz{ndsj jf hbhfg xbizbjdsj n xz `g{enhbd& cndcg zd

|e|ndg dg{enf$

Rjen |{gdsn g ndsbhb|ncn jx fn rjen ex |j~zjn xbszncn jd fnnqbfn cj fn agon$ \zjcj cjxn{{gffn{xj jf ebxeg ng cj xz `g{enhbd& cncgfzin{ n fgx dbjsgx g abozjfgx& ~zj xgd |e|ndgx cj ejdg{ cjxn{{gffg r`j{sbfbcnc r ex bdhge|fjsg nigxsnebjdsg ~zj jf |e|ndg |{bdhb|nf& |g{sjdj{ jf hbhfg ex {jczhbcg$ Fgx dbjsgx dg |gxjjd rjenx cj fn hg{gdn rsgcgx fgx jds{jdzcgx xgd cj fgdibszc ex g ejdgx hgdxsndsj$

Fnx rjenx cj encj{n pbjon xj cjxn{{gffnd nf ejdgx cgx ngx cjx%|zx cj xz `g{enhbd& jxsd bdxj{snx jd encj{n pbjon$ Xzjfjd xj{ ndsbiznxrjenx dg{enfjx cj fn hg{gdn cjf xn{ebjdsg ~zj |j{endjhbj{gd s{nx fn|gcn bdpj{dnf cjf xn{ebjdsg r nf b{ h{jhbjdcg cbnejs{nfejdsj jf s{gdhg gk{ng and ~zjcncg jekjkbcnx jd fn encj{n$ K{gsnd hzndcg anr |ghnhn{in jd fn hj|n rn xjn s{nx zdn ajfncn& i{ndbg& |g{ jqhjxg cj pbig{ g |g{|gcnx cjxj~zbfbk{nx$ Fgx |e|ndgx ~zj cjxn{{gffnd xj cjdgebdnd haz%

|gdjx$


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16/24

>0

@j{sbfbcnc cj fnx rjenx

Xj cjdgebdn `j{sbfbcnc cj zdn rjen nf dej{g bd`fg{jxhjdhbnx ~zjjd jffn xj cb`j{jdhbnd jd zd |j{bgcg pjijsnsbpg$ Jxsn `j{sbfbcnc xj jq|{j%xn{ jd jf hbhfg pjijsnsbpg xbizbjdsj$

Fn |{gczhhbd cj zdn hj|n cj|jdcj& cjf dej{g cj rjenx cjoncnxjd fn |gcn r cj fn `j{sbfbcnc cj xsnx& |g{ xz|zjxsg bd`fzb{ fn hn|nhbcnccj cjxkg{{j& jf sneng cj fnx bd`fg{jxhjdhbnx& dej{g cj `fg{jx r jf |g{%hjdsnoj cj hznoncg$

Fn `j{sbfbcnc cj fnx rjenx cj|jdcj cj?

>$ Fn dnsz{nfjn cj fn rjen? fgx hgdgx |{bdhb|nfjx xgd ex `{sbfjx ~zjfgx xjhzdcn{bgx$ Fnx rjenx ndsbhb|ncnx xgd ejdgx `{sbfjx ~zj fnx rjenxdg{enfjx$

;$ \gxbhbd jd jf |e|ndg? fn `j{sbfbcnc cj fnx rjenx nzejdsn cjxcj fnxxbszncnx jd fn knxj anxsn fn gdn ejcbn cjf |e|ndg r |gxsj{bg{ejdsjpzjfpj n cjh{jhj{$ Jx `{jhzjdsj ~zj fnx rjenx cj fn hg{gdn dg sjdind cb%`j{jdhbncgx {nhbegx& jqhj|sg jd hzfsbpn{jx ezr `{sbfjx hgeg jx jf hnxgcj Nb{d$

8$ Pn{bjcnc? nfizdnx pn{bjcncjxdg cb`j{jdhbnd {nhbegx g dg cjxz`bhbjdsj sneng& jd fnx rjenxcj fgx |{bej{gx dzcgx= jd jxsgxhzfsbpn{jx jx gkfbincg cjon{ xn{%ebjdsgx fn{igx pn{nx jd fn |g%cn bdpj{dnf |n{n nxjiz{n{ fn {jd%snkbfbcnc cjf hzfsbpg$

3$ Cjxn{{gffg pjijsnsbpg cjf|e|ndg? jd ijdj{nf fnx enrg%{jx `j{sbfbcncjx xj gksbjdjd jd|e|ndgx cj pbig{ ejcbg$

:$ Hgdcbhbgdjx nekbjdsnfjxcz{ndsj fn `nxj cj cb`j{jdhbnhbdcj fnx bd`fg{jxhjdhbnx& `zdcn%ejdsnfejdsj fn bfzebdnhbd$


17/24

>9

Fgx n{hbffgx

Fgx n{hbffgx xgd jxs{zhsz{nx hge|n{nkfjx n fgx snffgx$ \zjcjd xj{kb`z{hncgx& s{b`z{hncgx g |gfb`z{hncgx$ Hgd `zdhbd ejhdbhn r hgd fn|n{sbhzfn{bcnc cj ~zj xfg xj fbidb`bhnd r |j{endjhjd& fgx n{hbffgx ~zj xjjd{gffnd$ Sbjdjd zdn `zdhbd cj xzojhbd g s{j|ncg{n$

Fgx n{hbffgx r fnx bd`fg{jxhjdhbnx sbjdjd zd g{bijd xjejondsj hgdfg ~zj jx `{jhzjdsj jdhgds{n{ jxsncgx bdsj{ejcbgx$

Fgx n{hbffgx& jd fgx |e|ndgx `{sbfjx& xj xbsnd xbje|{j |g{ jd%hben cj fgx {nhbegx$


18/24

>1

[nhbegx j bd`fg{jxhjdhbnx

Fn bd`fg{jxhjdhbn cj fn pbc xj hgdghj hgd jf dgek{j cj {nhbeg& jxzd {nhbeg hge|zjxsg {nhbeg cj hbenx %$ Jf {nhbeg jx zd {indg g|gxb%sb`gfbg& jx cjhb{& xj xbsn g|zjxsg n fn agon$ Fn pbc hzfsbpncn ffjpn cj zdg ns{jx {nhbegx |g{ |e|ndg `{sbf$ Fg dg{enf xgd cgx {nhbegx r {n{n pjxnfjd hzns{g$

Jf {nhbeg jxs `g{encg |g{ zd snffg |{bdhb|nf ffnencg |jcdhzfganxsn fn |{bej{n {neb`bhnhbd$ Fn |{bej{n {neb`bhnhbd ijdj{n fgx cjdg%ebdncgx agek{gx g nfnx& xsnx r jf joj |{bdhb|nf g {n~zbx& xj xbizjd {n%eb`bhndcg pn{bnx pjhjx& anxsn ffjin{ n fnx fsbenx {neb`bhnhbgdjx cjdgeb%dncnx |jcbhjfgx ~zj xj jq|ndxbgdnd jd jf jqs{jeg hgdxsbszrjdcg jf {j%

hj|shzfg fg{nf ~zj |g{sn fn `fg{$ Cgx {neb`bhnhbgdjx hgdxjhzsbpnx `g{%end zd dizfg cj 2:


19/24

>2

Fn cbxs{bkzhbd cj n{hbffgx r'g bd`fg{jxhjdhbnx ex `{jhzjdsj jd jf|e|ndg jx fn {jizfn{ cbxhgdsbdzn& ~zj xj hn{nhsj{bn?

% Anxsn jf sj{hj{ g hzn{sg dzcg dg anr {indg g|gxbsb`gfbg

% N hgdsbdznhbd n|n{jhjd cgx dzcgx hgdxjhzsbpgx hgd{nhbeg g n{hbffg

% Jf xbizbjdsj xbd {indg g|gxbsb`gfbg r nx xzhjxbpnejdsj$

Fn xzhjxbd ~zjcn cjf xbizbjdsj egcg?

%? {nhbeg g n{hbffg$ \g{ jdhben cj zd n{hbffg dg anr {nhbegx


20/24

;

Fgx sb|gx `fg{nfjx |zjcjd cbpbcb{xj jd s{jx i{ndcjx i{z|gx?

N" @fg{jx aj{en`{gcbsnx g |j{`jhsnx? hgd ndc{ghjg r ibdjhjg`zdhbgdnfjx$

K" @fg{jx jejdbdnx g |bxsbfncnx? hgd zd ibdjhjg `zdhbgdnf kbjdcjxn{{gffncg r jxsnek{jx hgd `bfnejdsgx {j`fjogx& ex g ejdgxhz{pncgx& r |gfjd ijdj{nfejdsj jxs{bf$

H" @fg{jx enxhzfbdnx g jxsnebdncnx? hgd jxsnek{jx j{jhsgx r|bxsbfg dzfg !Hd" g nkg{sncg !Hn"$


22/24

;;

Jf `{zsg

Jx zdn knrn cj `g{en r sneng pn{bnkfjx$ Ex g ejdgx jx`{bhn zgpnfncn& r |g{ s{ebdg ejcbg cj >; n >1 ee cj cbejs{g$ Xj zdj nf{nx|d g jxhgknog |g{ ejcbg cjf |jcbhjfg$

Xj cbxsbdizjd s{jx |n{sjx?

Agffjog !j|bhn{|bg g jqghn{|bg"? jx fn |n{sj ex jqsj{dn cj fnzpn r hgeg snf& xb{pj cj |{gsjhhbd cjf `{zsg$ Ejek{ndgxg r hgd j|bcj{%ebx hzsbdbncn& jfxsbhg$ Jd xz jqsj{bg{ n|n{jhj zdn hn|n hj{gxn ffnencn|{zdn g hj{n hzsbhzfn{$ Fn |{zdn nhsn hgeg hn|n |{gsjhsg{n i{nhbnx nxzx |{g|bjcncjx abc{`gknx r n jffn xj `bond fjpncz{nx ~zj ex sn{cj bd%czhjd fn bdbhbnhbd cj fn `j{ejdsnhbd cj fgx egxsgx$

Jf hgfg{ cjf agffjog pn{n xjid jf jxsncg `jdgfibhg jd jf ~zj xjjdhzjds{n$ Jd fn `nxj aj{khjn jx cj hgfg{ pj{cj r n |n{sb{ cjf jdpj{g jxcj hgfg{ nen{bffg jd pn{bjcncjx kfndhnx& r {gxncg g pbgfhjg& jd pn{bjcn%cjx sbdsnx$ Jx jf {jx|gdxnkfj cjf hgfg{& |zjx jx cgdcj {jxbcjd fgx |gfb`j%dgfjx ~zj cnd hgfg{ nf egxsg !ndsghbndgx r `fnpgdgbcjx"$ Jd fnx pn{bjcn%cjx sbdsg{j{nx !In{dnhan sbdsg{j{n" snekbd xj nhzezfn ensj{bn hgfg{nd%sj jd fn |zf|n$

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