3 Giai doan 2 Phan tich he thong - Ch3 Mo hinh hoa cac yeu cau

8/14/2019 3 Giai doan 2 Phan tich he thong - Ch3 Mo hinh hoa cac yeu cau

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Chng 3. M hnh ha cc yu cu 2006 1Nguyn Trung Trc- Khoa CNTT

Giai on 2Phn tch h thng

Chng 3

M hnh ha cc yu cu


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Ni dung

Tng quan JAD

Cc cng c m hnh ha Phn loi / danh mc cc yu cu h thng

Tnh m rng v TCO

Tm hiu thc t

Phng vn

Cc k thut tm hiu thc t khc Lp ti liu


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Cc giai on ca SDLC

Giai on 2: Phn tch h thng (systemsanalysis)

Cc mc tiu ca phn tch h thng Pht trin m hnh lun l ca h thng. Tm hiu v m hnh ha yu cu, m hnh

ha d liu v qu trnh v m hnh ha itng.

Chuyn t thit k lun l thnh thit k vt

l.


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Tng quan phn tch h thng

Tng quan cc cng vic ca ngi phntch h thngM hnh ha yu cu

M hnh ha d liu v qu trnh

M hnh ha i tng

Chuyn sang thit k h thng Hai bc trong giai on m hnh ha yu

cu Xc nh cc yu cu (tm hiu thc t).

Phn tch cc yu cu.


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Tng quan phn tch h thng

Kt qu ca giai on phn tch h thng Ti liu v cc yu cu h thng bn k

hoch chi tit cho ton b thit k h thng.

Cc k nng ca ngi phn tch h thng K nng suy nghbnh phm

Nhn bit cc vn . Phn tch cc yu t. Kt hp cc kt qu.

K nng giao tip Lm vic vi nhng ngi thuc mi cp t chc.

Gii quyt cc yu cu mu thun cangi s dng.


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Cc phng php pht trin h thng

Joint Application Development (JAD) cth thay th cho cc cuc phng vn vinhng ngi s dng.

JAD l mt k thut cho php ngi phntch thc hin vic phn tch cc yu cu

v thit k giao din ngi s dng vinhng ngi s dng trong mi trngnhm.


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JAD c thc s dng khi: Nhng ngi s dng st rut v mong

mun mt iu g mi.

Nhng ngi trong cng ty mun cng nhaugii quyt vn .

Ngi phn tch phi don c rt nhiu kin khi s dng JAD.

Cc nhn vin c th ngng lm cng vicca h nu cn khong thi gian di lmvic chung vi nhau.


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Cc thnh vin tham gia JAD Ngi phn tch

Ngi s dng

Ngi iu hnh

Ngi quan st

Th k Ngi ch tr bui hp


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u im ca JAD Cho php nhng ngi qun l, ngi s

dng v ngi pht trin lm vic chung vinhau.

Trnh cc yu cu qu c th hoc qu mh.

Tn t thi gian so vi k thut phng vntruyn thng.

Pht trin nhanh cc h thng.

Nng cao mi quan h ca ngi s dngvi h thng.

C nhiu tng sng to.


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Nhc im ca JAD JAD i hi nhiu thi gian rnh chung ca

cc thnh vin tham giam.

Nu khng chun by th bui hp cth khng t c kt qu tt.

Nu bn bo co tip theo khng hon thnh,bui hp c th khng thnh cng.


11/79



Hnh 3.1. Phng hp JAD.


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Thnh vin JAD Vai tr

Trng d n JAD Trnh by cc cng vic cn phi bn, iu khin bui hp

JAD.

Ngi s dng

Ngi qun l cp cao Cho php v h tr cho d n cp cng ty.

Ngi qun l H tr d n cp phng v hiu h thng phi h trcho cc chc nng nghip v v cc yu cu nh th no.

Cung cp d liu nhp mc tc v cho cc hot ng hinti, cc thay i mong mun, cc yu cu v nhp xut, ccvn v giao din ngi s dng, v d n s h tr chocc cng vic hng ngy nh th no.

Ngi phn tch hthng v cc thnhvin CNTT khc

H tr v k thut v cc ti nguyn cho cc thnh vintrong nhm JAD: bo mt, chp lu d liu, phn cng,phn mm, kh nng v mng,

Ngi ghi chp Ghi chp cc kt qu ca cc bui hp JAD v lm vic vingi phn tch h thng xy dng cc m hnh h thngv lp ti liu bng cng c CASE.

Hnh 3.2. Vai tr ca cc thnh vin JAD.


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Thnh vin JAD Cc cng vic cn lmTrng d n Tho lun cc nguyn tc, mc ch v mc tiu c

bn ca bui hp JAD.

Gii thch cch thc lp ti liu v s dng cc cngc CASE (nu c).

Gii thiu tt c cc thnh vin trong nhm JAD.

Tho lun rng ri (dotrng d n iu khin)

Ban qun l (ch d nhoc ngi bo tr)

Gii thch l do ca d n, pht biu cho php v htr ca ban qun l.

Trng d n Khi qut v h thng hin ti, phm vi v cc rng

buc ca d n c ngh. Pht tho cc ch c th v cc vn cn cnghin cu.

Xem xt cc qu trnh nghip v chnh, cc cngvic, cc vai tr ca ngi s dng, nhp v xut.

Xc nh cc vn c th c nht tr v chanht tr.

Chia nhm JAD thnh nhiu nhm nh nghincu cc vn c th v phn cng cc trngnhm.

Hnh 3.3. Cc cng vic ca cc thnh vin JAD.


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Thnh vin JAD Cc cng vic cn lm

Cc thnh vin JAD lm

vic ti cc bui hpnhm nh vi s h trca cc nhn vin CNTT

Tho lun v lp ti liu tt c cc yu cu v h

thng. Xy dng cc m hnh v cc bn mu (prototype).

Trng d n Tng kt bui hp ca nhm. Chun b bo co gi cho cc thnh vin ca nhmJAD.

Cc trng nhm Bo co cc kt qu v phn cng cc cng vic vcc ch.

Nu ra cc vn m ton nhm JAD cn lu .Tho lun rng ri (dotrng d n iu khin)

Xem xt cc bo co ca cc bui hp nhm nh.

i n s nht tr v cc vn chnh.

Lp ti liu cho tt c cc ch.

Hnh 3.3. Cc cng vic ca cc thnh vin JAD.


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Cc k thut, cng c m hnh ha

Ngn ng m hnh ha hp nht UML Unified Modeling Language

Dng m t s tng tc gia ngi sdng vi h thng.

S dng cc khi nim thit k hng itng m t cc qu trnh nghip v.

Nhiu cng c ha bao gm cc s use case v cc s tun t


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Hnh 3.4. Suse-case.


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Hnh 3.5. S tun t.


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S phn r chc nng FDD Functional Decomposition Diagram

S phn r chc nng l s biu din ttrn xung ca cc chc nng v cc qutrnh nghip v.

Mt chc nng c thc phn r thnhcc chc nng v cc qu trnh mc thphn.


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Hnh 3.6. S phn r chc nng ca mt h thng th vin.


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Danh mc cc yu cu h thng

Yu cu h thng system requirement

Yu cu h thngl c im hoc tnh nngcn thit tha mn cc yu cu nghip v.

Nm loi yu cu h thng

Xut (output) Nhp (input)

Cc qu trnh (process)

Hiu sut (performance) iu khin (control)


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XutWeb site phi thng k s lng truy cp

trc tuyn sau mi 4 gi v mi gi trongthi gian cao im.

H thng tn kho phi to bo co hng ngygm: m hng, m t, s lng tn kho, slng phn phi, s lng cn li, ngi ca tt c mt hng sp th t theo mhng.

H thng mua hng phi to danh sch ccnh cung cp vi cc m t mi nht.

H thng theo di bn hng phi to bo cocc mt hng bn chy nht trong ngy, litk tt c cc sn phm c s lng bn raln hn d kin gom nhm theo loi, mu,

kch thc v tnh trng yu cu cung cpthm.


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Nhp Cc nhn vin sn xut phi qut th nhn

vin vo thit b thu nhn d liu trc tuyn

ghi nhn chi ph nhn cng v tnh tonhiu qu sn xut. Trng phng phi nhp thi gian lm ngoi

gi ca cc nhn vin trn mn hnh. im ca sinh vin phi c nhp vo qua

cc mu qut c bng my.Mi mu nhp phi c ngy, gi, m sn

phm, m khch hng v s lng. Cc mn hnh nhp d liu phi nht qun,

ngoi tr mu nn c thc thay i bingi s dng.


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Qu trnh H thng qun l hc lc sinh vin phi cho

php truy xut im da vo tn sinh vin

hoc m sinh vin. H thng phn phi kho hng phi phn tch

cc n hng hng ngy v to cc loi snphm vn chuyn hiu qu, gim chi ph.

H thng qun l nhn s phi giao tip ttvi h thng tin lng hin ti.

H thng cho thu bng khng cho khchhng thu tip nu cha tr bng n hntr.


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Hiu sut H thng phi cho php 25 ngi s dng

truy xut ng thi.

Thi gian p ng phi khng vt qu 4giy. H thng phi hot ng 7 ngy/tun, 365

ngy/nm. H thng qun l hc lc sinh vin phi to

cc danh sch lp trong vng 5 gi k t khikt thc ng k.

H thng qun l tn kho phi nh du ttc cc mt hng sp ht trong khong 1 gikhi s lng nh hn s lng ti thiu qui

nh trc.


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iu khin H thng phi cung cp chc nng bo mtng nhp vo h thng mc hiu hnhv mc ng dng.

H s nhn vin ch do cc nhn vin caphng qun l nhn sc php thm vo,thay i hoc xa b.

H thng phi qun l cc mc bo mt khcnhau cho ngi s dng, ngi qun tr hthng.

Tt c cc giao tc phi c ghi nhn. Cc n hng c gi tr ln hn s tin c

trong ti khon ca khch hng phi ctrng phng kinh doanh chp thun .

H thng phi to ra tp tin nht k li saibao gm loi li sai, m t v thi gian.

T h t hi h


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Tnh m rng v tng chi ph

Tnh m rng scalability

Kh nng iu chnh tnh nng ca h thngkhi thay i cc yu cu nghip v.

Thng tin v khi lng d liu nhp, xut vcc qu trnh hin ti v tng lai: D bo khi lng d liu trong nhiu nm snh hng n cc quyt nh v phn cng,nh gi cc chi ph.

Khi lng giao dch c nh hng ng kncc chi ph vn hnh. Khi khi lng giao dchvt qu gii hn cho php ca h thng, ccchi ph bo tr s tng nhanh.

T h t hi h


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Tnh m rng Thng tin v khi lng d liu nhp, xut v

cc qu trnh hin ti v tng lai: Xc nh kh nng lu tr d liu hin ti v

trong tng lai da vo hot ng v s tngtrng ca h thng chng nh hng n

phn cng, phn mm v bng thng ca mng duy tr hiu sut ca h thng.

Xt cc yu cu v vic lu tr d liu: d liuno cn loi b v cn lu tr trong mt thigian biu c th.

T h t hi h


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Tng chi ph s hu TCO Total Cost of Ownership

Tng cng cc chi ph trc tip v gin tip.

Ngi pht trin h thng phi xc nh vghi nhn cc chi ph gin tip: h thng t tnkm ban u c th tr thnh tn km nht.

T hi th t


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Tm hiu thc t

Tng quan Phn mm dng thu thp v phn tch cc

s kin; tuy nhin, n khng th thc hin

vic tm hiu thc t. Bc u tin tm hiu thc t (fact

finding) l xc nh thng tin cn thit.

Lp k hoch tm hiu thc t.

T hi th t


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Tm hiu thc t

Ai, Ci g, Khi no, u v Nh th no?(5W + 1H)

Ai (Who) thc hin cc th tc trong h

thng? Ci g(What) ang c thc hin?

Cc hot ng ang c thc hin u(Where) ?

Khi no (When) mt th tc c thc hin?

Mt th tc c thc hin nh th no(How)?

Cu hi quan trng khc

Ti sao (Why)?

Tm hiu thc t


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Tm hiu thc t

H thng hin ti H thng ngh

Ci g c thc hin? Ti sao n c thchin? Ci g nn c thc hin?

N c thc hin u?

Ti sao n c thchin ?

N nn c thc hin u?

Khi no n c thchin?

Ti sao n c thchin lc ?

Khi no nn thc hin n?

Ai thc hin n? Ti sao ngi ny thchin n?

Ai nn thc hin n?

N c thc hin nh

th no?

Ti sao n c thc

hin bng cch ny?

N nn c thc hin nh

th no?

Hnh 3.7. Cc cu hi 5W + 1H.

Phng vn


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Phng vn

Phng vn l mt phng php quantrng thu thp d liu v cc yu cuh thng thng tin.

Phng vn pht hin thng tin v: Cc kin ca ngi c phng vn.

Cc cm nghca ngi c phng vn. Tnh trng hin ti ca h thng.

Cc mc tiu v t chc v nhn s.

Cc th tc khng chnh thc.

Phng vn


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Phng vn

Xc nh ngi c phng vn. Xc nh mc tiu phng vn.

t cc cu hi phng vn.

Chun b cuc phng vn.

iu khin cuc phng vn.

Lp ti liu phng vn.

nh gi cuc phng vn.

Phng vn


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Phng vn

Xc nh ngi c phng vn Chn ngngi c phng vn.

Quan tm n cc mi quan h thn mt.

Xc nh mc tiu phng vn Xc nh cc lnh vc bn lun.

Lit k cc s kin mun thu thp. t c cc tng, cc ngh v cc

kin.

Phng vn


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Phng vn

t cc cu hi phng vn Cc cu hi phi nht qun. Hai loi cu hi: cu hi m v cu hi ng. Cu hi m (open-ended question)

Cu hi m cho php ngi c phng vn trli h mun g v nh th no.

Cu hi m thch hp khi ngi phn tch quantm n cu tr li rng v su.

Cu hi m lm cho cu tr li khng b g b

v khng gng p.

Phng vn


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Phng vn

t cc cu hi phng vn Cu hi m

Cc u im ca cu hi m

Ngi c phng vn d dng tr li. Cho php ngi phng vn c c vn kin thc

ca ngi c phng vn.

Cung cp nhiu chi tit.

Pht hin nhng iu mi cha c khai thc.

To nhiu thch th cho ngi c phng vn.

Cho php t nhin hn.

To cch ni d dng hn cho ngi phng vn. C ch cho ngi phng vn khng c chun b

trc.

Phng vn


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Phng vn

t cc cu hi phng vn Cu hi m

Cc nhc im ca cu hi m

C th dn n qu nhiu chi tit khng ph hp. C th mt iu khin cuc phng vn.

Tn nhiu thi gian c c thng tin hu ch.

Ngi phng vn ch quan khng chun b trc.

Phng vn


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Phng vn

Open-Ended Interview Questions

Whats your opinion of the current state of business-to-

business ecommerce in your firm? What are the critical objectives of your department?

Once the data are submitted via the Web site, how are they

processed?

Describe the monitoring process that is available online.

What are some of the common data entry errors made in

this department?

What are the biggest frustrations youve experiencedduring the transition to ecommerce?

Hnh 3.8. V d v cc cu hi m.

Phng vn


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Phng vn

t cc cu hi phng vn Cu hi ng (closed question)

Cu hi ng lm hn ch cc cu tr li c th

c. Cu hi ng thch hp cho vic to cc d liu

chnh xc, tin cy d dng phn tch.

Hiu qu v i hi ngi phng vn c cht tk nng iu khin cuc phng vn. Cu hi c nhiu cu tr li i hi ngi c

phng vn phi nh gi mt iu g . Trng hp c bit ca cu hi ng l cu

hi lng cc(bipolar question) c cu tr li lc hoc khng, Nn hn ch s dng loi

cu hi ny.

Phng vn


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Phng vn

t cc cu hi phng vn Cu hi ng

Cc u im ca cu hi ng

Tit kim thi gian phng vn. D dng so snh cc cuc phng vn.

t c vn .

Chng cuc phng vn. cp n mt phm vi rng mt cch nhanh

chng.

t c d liu thch hp.

Phng vn


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Phng vn

t cc cu hi phng vn Cu hi ng

Cc nhc im ca cu hi ng

Bun chn cho ngi c phng vn. Kh c c nhiu thng tin chi tit v ngi c

phng vn phi tr li theo cc chnh ca ngiphng vn.

Thiu cc tng chnh v l do trn.

Khng to mi quan h gia ngi phng vn vngi c phng vn.

Phng vn


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Phng vn

Closed Interview Questions

How many times a week is the project repository updated?

On average, how many calls does the call center receive

monthly? Which of the following sources of information is most

valuable to you:

- Completed customer complaint forms.

- Email complaints from customers who visit the Web site.

- Face-to-face interaction with customer.

- Returned merchandise.

List your top two priorities for improving the technologyinfrastructure.

Who receives this input?

Hnh 3.9. V d v cc cu hi ng.

Phng vn


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g

Bipolar Interview Questions

Do you use the Web to provide information to vendors?

Do you agree or disagree that ecommerce on the Web

lacks security?

Do you want to receive a printout of your account statusevery month?

Does your Web site maintain a FAQ page for employees

with payroll questions?

Is this form complete?

Hnh 3.10. V d v cc cu hi lng cc.

Phng vn


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g

Hnh 3.11. Cc thuc tnh ca cu hi m v cu hi ng.

Phng vn


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g

t cc cu hi phng vn Cu hi thm d (probing question)

Cu hi thm d gi nhiu chi tit hn v

cc cu hi trc . Mc ch ca cu hi thm d l:

c c nhiu ngha hn.

lm sng t. khai thc v m rng vn ca ngi c

phng vn.

Phng vn


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g

Probing Questions

Why?

Give an example of how ecommerce has been integratedinto your business processes.

Please give an illustration of the security problems you are

experiencing with your online bill payment system.

You mentioned both an intranet and an extranet solution.

Please give an example of how you think each differs.

What makes you feel that way?

Tell me step by step what happens after a customer clicksthe Submit button on the Web registration form.

Hnh 3.12. V d v cc cu hi thm d.

Phng vn


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g

Chun b cuc phng vn Xc nh ngy gi c th. Thng bo nhc nh.Gi th bo cho nhng ngi qun l.Gi trc danh sch cc cu hi ch yu

cho ngi c phng vn.

Phng vn


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iu khin cuc phng vn T gii thiu.

M t d n.

Gii thch mc tiu phng vn.

t cc cu hi theo th t, ngn gn.

Cho ngi c phng vn c thi gian tr li cu hi.

Lng nghe cn thn.

Tng kt cc im chnh. Chun b cho cuc phng vn k tip.

Kt thc cuc phng vn ng thi gian.

Cm n ngi c phng vn.

Phng vn


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iu khin cuc phng vn Cc cch sp xp cc cu hi

Kim t thp (pyramid)

Bt u t cc cu hi ng ri hng n cc cuhi m.

Phu (funnel) Bt u t cc cu hi m ri hng n cc cu

hi ng.

Kim cng (diamond) Bt u t cc cu hi ng, hng n cc cu

hi m v kt thc bng cc cu hi ng.

Phng vn


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What

specifically is

the problem youare experiencing

with your firewall?

Have you considered other methods

to improve security of corporate data?

What do you think would make

security more effective here?

In general, how do you feel about security ofdata versus the improtance of Internet access?

Pyramid structures

begin with a

specific question

and end with a

general question.

Hnh 3.13. Sp xp cc cu hi theo dng kim t thp.

Phng vn


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Is there any essential

item that has been

excluded from

the site?

What items will be available for

purchase on the Web site?

What departments are involvedin implementing it?

What are your reactions to the new

Web-based procurement system?

Funnel structures

begin with a

specific question

and end with aspecific question.

Hnh 3.14. Sp xp cc cu hi theo dng phu.

Phng vn


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Are cookies a better

way to measure

end user site

usage?

What are two surprising items concerning end user

behaviour on your site that you have discovered

by using this service?

What are the promotional activities you feature

on your Web site in exchange for this service?

What the

kinds of information

are tracked by the free

Web site usage service you use?

What is the value of the usage information to you as a Webmaster?

Diamond structures

begin with a specific

question

more toward

general questions

and end with a

specific question.

Hnh 3.15. Sp xp cc cu hi theo dng kim cng.

Phng vn


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Lp ti liu phng vnGhi chp ti thiu.

Ghi chp nhanh cc thng tin cn thit. Ghi ch ngy, gi, a im v mc ch. Xem li cc im chnh c bn lun.

Cn c thi gian gia cc cuc phng vn.

Phng vn


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INTERVIEW REPORT

Interview notes approved by:

Person interviewed:

Interviewer:

Date:

Primary Purpose:

Summary of Interview:

Open Items:

Detailed Notes:

Hnh 3.16. Bin bn cuc phng vn.

Phng vn


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nh gi cuc phng vn Xc nh cc khuynh hng c th c.

Xc nh nhng ngi c phng vn no

c kinh nghim cn thit. Cuc phng vn khng thnh cng

Khng phi tt c cuc phng vn u thnhcng.

Tm hiu nguyn nhn lm cho cuc gpkhng thnh cng.

Xem xt cc gii php khc.

Cc k thut tm hiu thc t khc


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Xem ti liu Quan st

Kho st dng bn cu hi

Ly mu

Nghin cu



57/79


Xem ti liu document review

Xem ti liu ca h thng hin ti.

Xem cc s tay v chnh sch. C uc cc bn sao ca cc biu mu v

cc ti liu hin ti.

Xem cc biu mu trng, cc biu mu in.

Xem cc bn bo co.

Cc mc d liu cn thm vo, cc mc dliu khng s dng.

Xem ti liu v phn mm.



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Quan st observation

K thut quan st cho ci nhn v nhng

ngi s dng hin ti ang lm g vi hthng.

Nhn thy trc tip cc mi quan h gia

nhng ngi ra quyt nh vi nhng thnhvin khc trong cng ty.

t cc cu hi v hot ng ca h thng

hin ti.Quan st tt c cc bc trong chu k x l.

Xem xt mi biu mu, mu tin v bn boco.



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Quan st Xem xt mi ngi lm vic vi h thng.

Ni chuyn vi ngi nhn cc bo co hin

ti. Xem xt Hiu ng Hawthorne

Nng sut ca nhn vin dng nhc nng

cao khi h ang b quan st mc d cc iukin lm vic c tt hn hoc xu hn.



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Kho st dng bn cu hi questionnaire

Bn cu hi c ch cho vic thu thp thng

tin t cc thnh vin chnh trong cng ty v: Cc quan im.

Cc hiu bit.

Cc tc ng. Cc c im.

S dng bn cu hi khi: Nhng ngi tr li ri rc nhiu ni. Nhiu ngi tham gia vo d n.

Cn thc hin vic thm d.

Cn gii quyt vn trc khi phng vn.



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Kho st dng bn cu hi Cc loi cu hi

Cu hi m

Th xem cu tr li nh th no. Ph hp tt cho vic thu thp cc kin.

Cu hi ng

c s dng khi c mt danh sch cc ty chn. Khi cc ty chn loi tr ln nhau.



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Hnh 3.17. So snh gia cu hi m v cu hi ng trong bn cu hi.



63/79


Kho st dng bn cu hi Bt u bng cc cu hi th v v khng e

da.

Ngn gn, chnh xc v thn thin. Cc hng dn r rng, trnh vit tt.

Cch din t n gin trnh hiu nhm.

Trnh cc cu hi ngh.

nh s cc cu hi trnh nhm ln.

Cc cu hi m th kh trnh by thnh bng. Hn ch cc cu hi lm pht sinh cc vn

lo ngi / t chi.

Nu cc cu hi ph hp vi ngi tr li.



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Kho st dng bn cu hi Cc cu hi theo th t hp l. Phn nhm cc cu hi lin quan lun l vi

nhau thnh phn on c ch thch. t cc cu hi quan trng u bn cu

hi. Khng nn t qu nhiu cu hi vo cng

mt trang. Cha khong trng va vit cu tr li. Lit k y cc ty chn c th c. Kim tra trc bn cu hi. C th khng cn ghi y thng tin ca

ngi tr li.Gi bn cu hi cho nhng ngi am tng.

53. What are the most frequent problems you experience with computer

output?

A


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A __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________B __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

C __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

54. Of the problems you listed above, what is the single most troublesome?__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

55. Why?

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

Below are questions about yourself. Please fill in the blanks to the best of

your ability.

67. How long have you worked for this company?

____ Years and ____ Months

68. How long have you worked in the same industry?

____ Years and ____ Months69. In what other industries have you worked?

__________________________________________________

Hnh 3.18. Bn cu hi vi cc cu hi m.



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Answer questions 23 and 24 by checking the appropriate box.23. Below are the six software packages currently available in the Information

Center. Please check the package you personally use most frequently.

[ ] Excel [ ] Word for Windows

[ ] Freelance [ ] WordPerfect

[ ] Paradox [

] Visible Analyst24. The sales figures are usually late.

[ ] Agree [] Disagree

Answer questions 25 and 26 by circling the appropriate number.

25. When the sales figures are prepared by computer data services they are

late.

Never Rarely Sometimes Often Always

1 2 3 4 5

Answer questions 45-48 by circling the appropriate response.

45. The division I am currently in is calledInvestments

Operations

Marketing

Hnh 3.19. Bn cu hi vi cc cu hi ng.



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Ly mu sampling

Ly mu l mt qu trnh chn la c h

thng cc phn t tiu biu ca mt qunth.Mc tiu chnh l bo m s m t ca ton

b h thng mt cch chnh xc. Ly mu nn dng cho phng vn v bn cu

hi.

Cc quyt nh chnh khi ly mu Cc ti liu v cc Web site no nn c ly

mu. Ngi no nn c phng vn hoc gi bn

cu hi.



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Ly mu Cc l do ly mu

Gim cc chi ph.

y mnh qu trnh thu thp d liu. Nng cao tnh hiu qu.

Gim thnh kin thu thp d liu.

Cc bc ly mu Xc nh d liu c thu thp / c m t.

Xc nh qun thc ly mu.

Chn loi ly mu. Chn kch thc mu.



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Ly mu Cc loi ly mu

Ly mu thch hp (convenience sampling)

Ly mu c mc ch (purposive sampling) Ly mu ngu nhin n gin (simple random

sampling)

Ly mu ngu nhin phc tp (complex randomsampling)

Ly mu thch hp

Cc mu khng b hn ch, khng c tnh xcsut (unrestricted, nonprobability sample).

D dng thu xp.

Khng ng tin cy nht.



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Ly mu Ly mu c mc ch

Da vo snh gi.

Ngi phn tch chn nhm cc qun th lymu.

Da vo cc tiu ch.

Mu khng c xc sut. Hi tin cy.

Ly mu ngu nhin n gin

Da vo danh sch cc c th c nh s caqun th.

Cc c thu c xc sut chn bng nhau.



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Ly mu Ly mu ngu nhin phc tp

C ba dng: ly mu c h thng, ly mu phn

tng v ly mu cm. Ly mu c h thng (systematic sampling)

Phng php n gin nht ca ly mu c tnhxc sut (probability sampling).

Chn mi phn t thktrong danh sch.

Khng tt nu danh sch c th t.



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Ly mu Ly mu ngu nhin phc tp

Ly mu phn tng (stratified sampling)

Xc nh cc qun th con. Chn cc c th t cc qun th con ly mu.

B mt s c th khng cn xng t mt nhmno .

Chn cc phng php khc nhau thu thp dliu t cc nhm con khc nhau.

Quan trng nht i vi ngi phn tch h thng.

Ly mu cm (cluster sampling) Chn nhm cc c th nghin cu.

Chn cc nhm tiu biu m chng i din chocc nhm cn li.



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Not based on Probability Based on Probability

Sample elements are

selected directly

without restrictions

Convenience Simple random

Sample elements areselected according to

specific criteria

Complex random(systematic, stratified,

and cluster)

Purposive

Hnh 3.20. Cc loi ly mu.



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Nghin cu research

Bo, tp ch, sch

Cc Internet site Nh cung cp phn cng v phn mm

Cc hng cung cp thng tin

Newsgroups

Hi ngh chuyn , hi tho, bn lun

Tham quan cc ni quan st mt h thngang s dng.



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Phng vn v bn cu hi Phng vn

Ly thng tin ch t mt s t ngi.

Thn thit v ring t hn. C th tn thi gian v chi ph.

Bn cu hi

Nhiu ngi c th cung cp thng tin. Nhiu ngi c th tr li thng thn.

Nu khng c thit k tt, c thc tr li

ba bi.


Interviews JAD Questionnaires Document Observation


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Interviews JAD Questionnaires Document Observation

Review

Type of As-Is As-Is As-Is As-Is As-Is

Information Improve. Improve. Improve.

To-Be To-Be

Depth of High High Medium Low Low

Information

Breadth of Low Medium High High Low

Information

Integration Low High Low Low Low

of Info.

User Medium High Low Low LowInvolvement

Cost Medium Low- Low Low Low-

Medium Medium

Hnh 3.21. So snh cc k thut tm hiu thc t.

Lp ti liu


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Cn phi ghi cc s vic Ch yu phi ghi chnh xc.

Qui tc c bn: ghi vo

Hng dn lp ti liu tt. Ghi nhn thng tin cng sm cng tt.

S dng cc phng php ghi nhn nhanh nht.

Bo m d hiu. T chc t liu.

Ghi chp dng lit k vi cc cu n gin.

Ghi nhn cc s kin


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Cc cng c phn mm Cng c CASE

X l vn bn

Bng tnh C s d liu

Cng c trnh by bng ha

Cc phn mm qun l thng tin c nhn

M hnh ha thit k lun l


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Bc k tip l hiu v m hnh ha thitk lun l ca h thng Phn tch c cu trc

M hnh ha i tng

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3 Giai doan 2 Phan tich he thong - Ch3 Mo hinh hoa cac yeu cau